QMC Criminology

AC4.1Assess the use of criminological theories in informing policy development

Biological theories influencing policies.

Biochemical processes

Crime Control Policies

Drug treatment

How alcohol and drug treatment helps to reduce crime

ukhsa.blog.gov.uk/2017/11/02/how-alcohol-and-drug-treatment-helps-to-reduce-crime/

www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmiprobation/research/the-evidence-base-probation/specific-areas-of-delivery/substance-misuse/

Diet

Crime and nourishment – the link between food and offending behaviourIf the UK is to break the cycle of reoffending, it needs to meet the basic needs of young people in prison and respect the basic human right of adequate nutrition.

Anti-social conduct may be linked to diet, says studyImproving the vitamins, minerals and fatty acids in the diets of young offenders appeared to reduce their anti-social behaviour dramatically, according to a Home Office-backed study.

Surgery

The articles below are both posted with a warning that some might find the content upsetting

Human rights groups call for end to surgical castration of sex offendersGerman government insists treatment enables 'suffering tied to abnornmal sex drive … to be cured or at least alleviated'

He was bad, so they put an ice pick in his brain...At the age of 12, Howard Dully was given a lobotomy, one of thousands performed by the notorious Dr Walter Freeman in the 1940s and 1950s. Now Dully has written a forceful account of his survival and sheds light on the man who subjected him to one of the most brutal surgical procedures in medical history, writes Elizabeth Day

Individualistic theories influencing policies.

Genetic theories: eugenics

Eugenics and Scientific RacismEugenics is the scientifically erroneous and immoral theory of “racial improvement” and “planned breeding,”

The Supreme Court Ruling That Led To 70,000 Forced SterilizationsIn the first half of the 20th century, American eugenicists used forced sterilization to "breed out" traits they considered undesirable. Adam Cohen tells the story in his new book, Imbeciles.

The persecution of minorities - Nazi economic, social and racial policy - WJEC - GCSE History Revision - WJEC - BBC BitesizeLearn and revise about Nazi economic, social and racial policy for WJEC Unit 2 Germany in Transition with BBC Bitesize.

Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis refers both to a theory of how the mind works and a treatment modality. In recent years, both have yielded to more research-driven approaches, but psychoanalysis is still a thriving field and deals with subjective experience in ways that other therapies sometimes do not.

'Wayward Youth' by August Aichhorn - The Therapeutic Care JournalMultiple messages about the care of young offenders from the days of Sigmund Freud

Is psychoanalysis effective?

psychoanalysis.org.uk/resources/evidence-base-of-psychoanalytic-psychotherapy

Operant learning and token economies

Aversion therapy and Eysenck's theory

How Does Aversion Therapy Work to Fix Unwanted Behaviors?Aversion therapy uses principles from behavioral psychology to help reduce or eliminate unwanted behaviors. Learn more about how this process works.

StopSO UK » Tackling Sexual AbuseStopSO UK : Specialist Treatment Organisation for the Prevention of Sexual Offending is an organisation that works with those at risk of sexual offending or reoffending, to enable them to stop acting…

Cognitive theories and CBT

whatworks.college.police.uk/toolkit/Pages/Intervention.aspx?InterventionID=32

Think First programme

Think_1st-programme-leaflet.pdf

Aggression Replacement Training (ART)

ART is a programme for violent or aggressive offender.

Sociological theories influencing policies

Merton and subcultural theories

Crime control and punishment policies

Merton's Strain theory has been used to to inform policies on crime control and crime reduction.n Various methods can be employed such as:

Policies to tackle poverty
Equal opportunities in school
Education in prison

Subcultural Theories of DevianceSubcultural Theory: The Basics A Subculture is a group that has values that are different to the mainstream culture. Subcultural theorists argue that deviance is the result of whole groups breaking…

Labelling theory

Please read section 4

The Labelling Theory of CrimeLabelling theory argues that criminal and deviant acts are a result of labelling by authorities - and the powerless are more likely to be negatively labelled.

Diversion policies

minimising_labelling_final.pdf

Reintegrative shaming

Reintegrative Shaming (Braithwaite) - SozTheoBraithwaite theory of reintegartive shaming assumes that shaming must not have a stigmatizing effect but must also involve signs of forgiveness and a willingness to reintegrate the offender back into the community.

Right realism

Situational crime prevention (SCP)

What is situational crime prevention? | College of PolicingFocusing on specific settings to prevent crime

2. Environmental crime prevention

Zero tolerance policing (ZTP) strategy

whatworks.college.police.uk/Research/overview/Pages/Zero-tolerance.aspx#:~:text=Zero-tolerance%20policing%20(ZTP),Van%20Der%20Weele,%202013).

Incapacitation (penology) - Wikipedia

Left realism

Policies to reduce inequality

2. Democratic policing

stenning.pps.ppt

3. A multi-agency approach

noknivesbetterlives.com/

New Labour policies

Surveillance theories

CCTV

Profiling

Offender profiling - Wikipedia

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