Research Material for Malay Annals

This section serves to un-encumber or lighten the load on the "Malay Annals - A Companion Handbook".

Because of the different versions of Sejarah Melayu or Malay Annals, I keep having to refer to here and there... which takes all the fun and magic out of the project. As such, I am dumping some of the more technical facts here or a sub-page... and there will be some repetition.

Additional Reading Material & Supporting Documents :

The book is entitled "Sulalat us-Salatin" which means "Genealogy of the Sultans" in arabic. It is commonly known as "Sejarah Melayu" which means "Malay Annals" in malay.

Versions

There have been several versions of the Malay Annals. Original copies of Sejarah Melayu were in hand-written manuscript in jawi, which is the malay language in arabic script. The oldest known manuscript called "Raffles MS#18" is from 1612 authored by Tun Bambang under commission from Raja Bongsu.

Over the centuries, copies of these manuscripts have been transliterated into roman script and some translated into english (and other european languages). For more details, read "The Variant Versions Of The Malay Annals" found at Sabri Zain Org.

For this document, the versions we shall refer to are :-

- "CCBrown" or ^CCB - uses Raffles MS#18 transliterated into roman by (Sir) Richard O Winstedt in 1938, translated into English by Charles Cuthbert Brown in 1952
- "Leyden" or ^JL - translated into english by (Dr.) John Leyden, published posthumously in 1821,
- "Samad" or ^ASA - transliterated into roman by A Samad Ahmad for Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka from 1979,
- "Shellabear" or ^WGS - transliterated into roman by Abdullah Abdul Kadir in 1831, compiled into english by William G Shellabear in 1896.
- "Rahman" or ^ARI - Raffles MS#18 transliterated by Abdul Rahman Hj Ismail, compiled by Cheah Boon Kheng in 2009 (MBRAS).

Although they tell the same stories, they are all presented with some small differences.

A collection set of Leyden, CCBrown (with included Shellabear) and Rahman is available at Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

A comparison of the myth-origins for Malay Annals is contained in 1926 Journal MBRAS vol.IV pg.413 article "The founder of Malay royalty and his conquest of Sakatimuna, the Serpent" by RO Winstedt.

Alexander's route to India [source- Uni. Texas].

Alexander's route from India [source- Uni. Texas

Who is Who in Sejarah Melayu

Names & Spelling used

The single biggest pain-in-the-donkey is spelling. Every version spells the names differently. And this is before the differences in storylines!

Some tables here exist just to show the different spellings of names of people and places. They appear in the order of: CCBrown, then Leyden, then Samad versions. The occasional 4th alternative is from the 2009 Rahman version. Other alternative spelling would be in square-brackets [parentheses].

2. Lineage of Alexander the Great

2b. Line of Alexander - variant spelling

Darab / Darab / Darab

Iskandar Dzu'l-Karnain / Secander Zulkarneini / Iskandar Zul-Karnain / Iskandar Zulqarnain

Aristun Shah / Araston Shah / Aristun Syah / Arisytun Syah

Aftas / Aftas / Aftus / Aftus

Sabur / Sabur / Sabur / Sabur

Amtabus / Amatubusu / Amtabus / Amtabus

Gudarz Kuhan / Cuduri Gudurz Zuguhan / Kudar Zakuhun / Kudraz Kuhan

Ardashir-i Papagan / Ardasir Migan (Babegan)/ Ardis Mikan / Ardasirbikan

Nushirwan 'Adil / Nashirwan Adel / Nusyirwan Adil / Nusyirwan 'Adil

Derma (Deria) Nus / Derma Unus / Darmanus / Darmanus (Darianus)

Shah Narsi (Tersi) / Shah Tarsi Narsi / Syah Tersi / Syah Tursi

Zimrut / Zamrut / Zaman / Ramanad

Narsi Biradarash / Tarsi Bardaras / Tersi Berderas / Tursi Biradaras

Suran Padshah / Suran / Suran / Suran Fad Syah

Iskandar, the Two-Horned / Secander / Iskandar

Roman / Rum / Rom

Macedonia / Makaduniah / Makaduniah

Khidlir / Khizei / Khidir

Kida Hindi / Kida Hindi / Kida Hindi / [Kaid]

Shahru'l-Bariyah / Shaher-ul Beriah / Syahrul-Bariyah

Nushirwan 'Adil / Nashirwan Adel / Nusyirwan Adil / Nusyirwan 'Adil

Kobad Shahriar / Kobad Shah Shahriar / . . . / Qubad Syahriar

Amdan Nagara / Amdan Nagara / Amdan Negara

Raja Amdan Nagara / Raja Sulan of Amdan Nayara / Raja Sulan

Kudar Shah Jahan / - - - / - - - / Kudar Syah Jahan

- - - / Heiran / Hiran

- - - / Panden / Fandin /

Nagapatam

Shulan / Suran / Sulan / Syulan

3. Rulers of India from the line of Aristun ^CCB

3b. Rulers of India from the line of Aristun - variant spelling

Aristun Shah / Araston Shah / Aristun Syah / Arisytun Syah

Aftas / Aftas / Aftus / Aftus

Askainat / Ascaynat / Aska'inat / Askainat

Kasdas / Casidas / Kasdas / Kasdas

Amtabus / Amatubusu / Amtabus / Amtabus

- - - / Zamzeyus / Zaman Yus / - - -

Heruwaskainan / Kharus Cainat / Kharu Seka'inat / Harwa Asykainan

Arahadaskainat / Arhat Sacaynat / Arkhad Seka'inat / Arhad Asykainat

Gudarz Kuhan / Cuduri Gudurz Zuguhan / Kudar Zakuhun / Kudraz Kuhan

Nikabus Ashkabus / Nicabus / Nabtayusar / Nikabus

Ardashir-i Papagan / Ardasir Migan (Babegan)/ Ardis Mikan / Ardasirbikan

Derma (Deria) Nus / Derma Unus / Darmanus / Darmanus (Darianus)

Kestah / - - - / - - - / Kastah

Ramji / - - - / - - - / Ramji

Shah Narsi (Tersi) / Shah Tarsi Narsi / Syah Tersi / Syah Tursi

Teja / - - - / - - - / Tij

Ajakar / - - - / - - - / Ijqar

Hurmizd / - - - / - - - / Uzmaz

Yazdigird / - - - / - - - / Yardigird

Kupi Kudar / - - - / - - - / Kupikudar

Narsi Biradarash / Tarsi Bardaras / Tersi Berderas / Tursi Biradaras

4. Spelling of Fifth version from Skeat's Malay Magic.

Kudar Shah Jahan / - - - / - - - / Kudar Syah Jahan

- - - / Heiran / Hiran

Suran Padshah / Suran / Suran / Suran Fad Syah

- - - / Panden / Fandin /

Nagapatam

Shulan / Suran / Sulan / Syulan

Kobad Shahriar / Kobad Shah Shahriar / . . . / Qubad Syahriar

Gangga Shah Nagara

Linggi Shah Johan

Lenggui

Glang Gui

Chulin

Onang Kiu / [Wanang Kiu]

Bija-nagara

Chendani Wasis /

Churik Si Mandang Kini / Chora Samanda Kian / Churak SiMandang Giri / Chora Si Manja Kini /

4. Spelling of Fifth version from Skeat's Malay Magic.

Palembang / Paralembang / Palembang / Palembang

Andelas / Andalas / Andalas / Andalas

Demang Lebar Daun / Damang Lebar Dawn / Demang Lebar Daun / Demang Lebar Daun

Muara Tatang / Muartatang / Muara Tatang / Muara Tatang

Melayu / Sungey Malayu / sungai Melayu / Melayu

Si-Guntang Mahameru / Sagantang Maha Miru / Bukit Si Guntang / Si Guntang Mahamiru

- - - / - - - / Gunung Mahamiru

- - - / Belidung / Padang Penjaringan /

Wan Empok / Wan-Ampu / Wan Empuk / Wan Empuk

Wan Malini / Wan-Malin / Wan Malini / Wan Malini

Bichitram / Bichitram Shah / Nila Utama / Bicitram / [Mencha Terim]

Paludatani / Nila Pahlawan / Nila Pahlawan / Paladutani / [Khildu Tani]

Nilatanam / Carna Pandita / Krisyna Pendita / Nilatanam

- - - / Chora Sa Mendang Kian / curik Si Mandang Kini // Chora Sa Mandakini

- - - / Limbuar / lembing Lembuara // Limbuara

- - - / Cayu Gampit / kayu Cap Kerupa //

- - - / - - - / pedang Badram Balawa

Bath / Bat'h / Batala / Bat

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melayu_Kingdom

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padang_Roco_Inscription

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharmasraya

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailendra

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chola_invasion_of_Srivijaya

Shahnama - Index page of Alexander verses.

vol.6 chap.25 p.147 How Sikandar came to the Western Sea and saw Wonders

Iskandar Oversees the Building of the Wall - Chester Beatty Library

Tahmuras Defeating the Divs - Chester Beatty Library

Archangel Gabriel Before Muhammad - Chester Beatty Library

Zal Rescued by the Simurgh - Chester Beatty Library

Fifth and Sixth Angels of the Seven Heavens - Chester Beatty Library

Simurgh Assisting the Birth of Rustam - Chester Beatty Library

Durga's Shrine - Chester Beatty Library

Rakhsh Kills a Lion while Rustam Sleeps - Chester Beatty Library

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