Extra reading on the global racial order. Did Europeans Construct a Global Racial Order that Persists Today? If They Did, What Would Explain Its Persistence? (1) How Europeans Invented the Idea of Race, and the Uses to which They Put It. (2) The Idea of a Racial Contract. Global White Supremacy. The Evidence for It. The Racial-Contract Explanation of It. The Role of Racial Exploitation and Divisions of Territory. The Effects of Global White Supremacy on the Individual.
Read first: Bernard Boxill, "Introduction," "The Invention of the Idea of Race as a Biological Kind," "Applications of the Idea of Race," in Race and Racism, ed. B. Boxill (Oxford UP, 2001): 1-29. [Available on Moodle.]
Charles W. Mills, The Racial Contract, pp. 1-62
Charles W. Mills, "White Supremacy as Sociopolitical System," From Class to Race: Essays in White Marxism and Black Radicalism (Rowman & Littlefield, 2003), pp. 177-192 ONLY. [Available on Moodle.]
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Kwame Anthony Appiah, "The Invention of Africa," In My Father’s House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture (Oxford UP, 1992): 1-20
Distinguishes three varieties of racism: racialism, extrinsic racism, and intrinsic racism.
David Brion Davis, Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World (Oxford UP, 2006)
Orlando Patterson, Slavery and Social Death: a Comparative Study (Harvard UP, 1985)
Nathan Nunn, "The Long-term Effects of Africa's Slave Trades," Quarterly Journal of Economics 123 (2008): 139-176
Finds that the more slaves were exported from a current African country, the worse that country's current
economic performance. Presents evidence and argument to show that this is a causal relationship: past export of slaves partly causes poor economic performance today.
Marilyn Lake and Henry Reynolds, Drawing the Global Color Line: White Men’s Countries and the International Challenge of Racial Equality (Oxford UP, 2008)
Howard Winant, The World Is a Ghetto: Race and Democracy since World War II (2002)
Frantz Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks (Grove Press, 2008)
Bruce Baum, The Rise and Fall of the Caucasian Race: A Political History of Racial Identity (NYU Press, 2008)
David E. Stannard, American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World (Oxford UP, 1993)
Michelle Alexander, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Color-Blindness (New Press, 2010)
Douglas Massey and Nancy Denton, American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass (Harvard UP, 1998)
Melvin L. Oliver and Thomas M. Shapiro, Black Wealth/White Wealth: A New Perspective on Racial Inequality, 2nd ed. (Routledge, 2006)