Empress Mu

The Empress Mu, Consort of the First Sovereign, was from Chenliu. Her elder brother, Wu Yi, lost his father while still young. Wu Yi's father was a friend of Liu Yan, so he and his entire family entered Shu to join him. Liu Yan, who cherished high ambitions, heard a skilled physiognomist say that the Empress would attain a very exalted position. At that time, Yan happened to have his son Liu Mao with him, and married him to her. After Liu Mao's death, the (later) Empress lived as a widow. The First Sovereign having conquered Yizhou, Lady Sun returned to Wu. Han-Jin Chunqiu: When the First Sovereign entered Yizhou, Wu had recalled Lady Sun. Lady Sun wanted to bring the Latter Sovereign with her back to Wu. Zhuge Liang sent Zhao Yun to intercept them across the Yangzi and brought back the Latter Sovereign. The officials all advised the First Sovereign to marry the (later) Empress. The First Sovereign hesitated, because he was of the same name as Liu Mao. Fa Zheng maintained that, "As your relation with him, is it any nearer than that between Duke Wen of Jin and Zi Yu?" Xi Zuochi says: The marriage of husband and wife is the beginning of the relationship between two people and also the foundation of the way of a King. An common person cannot be without rites, hence how can a monach do so? When Duke Wen of Jin ignored the rites for political reason, building up his kingdom, it happened because Zi Fan said to him, "If you intend to seek help from someone, you first have to follow their wishes. When a general has robbed you of your kingdom, what concern is there for a wife?" Thus it was not a case of violating the rites for no reason. The First Sovereign was not faced with a political issue and so the previous case is not an accurate example. Thus he was not able to demonstrate the Way of the Emperors Yao and Shun. The decision by the First Sovereign to accept their advice was thus wrong.

Therefore he took her as his fu ren (wife?). In the twenty fourth year of Jian'an [CE 219] he enthroned her as Queen Consort of the King of Hanzhong. In the first year of Zhangwu, summer, fifth month, he mader her his Emperors: "I, who in compliance with the heavenly mandate rule as highest person over the myriad states, hereby name the Queen Consort as Empress. I dispatch the Prime Minister Zhuge Liang with the Tally to confer the seal upon her. She shall offer sacrifices to the Ancestral Temple and be mother to the empire. May the Empress be reverant."

In the first year of Jian Xing [CE 223], having succeeded to the throne, the Latter Sovereign conferred on her the title of Empress Dowager, designating her palace as Chang Le Gong. Wu Yi attained the title of General of the Chariots and Cavalry (Che Ji Jiang Jun) and was enfeoffed as Xian lord.

In the eighth year of Yan Xi [CE 245], the Empress died and was buried together with the First Sovereign at the mausoleum of Hui Ling. Sun Sheng's Shushi Pu: Wu Yi's grandson, Wu Qiao, died thirty years into Li Xiong's reign and was not wronged by Xiong.

Back