07 Elementary particles nuclear physics

Instructional Experiments on

Elementary Particle Physics

(and some related theory papers)

Topics

• • radioactive sources

  • radiation in the environment and health physics

  • x-rays & Bremsstrahlung

  • gamma spectroscopy

  • Compton scattering

  • positrons, annihiliation & pair production

  • Mössbauer effect

  • alpha particles

  • beta particles & relativistic electrons

  • neutrons

  • nuclear activation, decay, fission & half-life measurements

  • muons & muon lifetime

  • cloud chamber and cosmic rays

  • particle scattering, Rutherford scattering & analysis of scattering data

  • particles interacting with materials, stopping power & radiation damage

  • particle tracks

  • radiation detectors

  • nuclear instrumentation & statistics

  • accelerator & collider physics

  • van de Graaff & pelletron accelerators

  • nuclear reactor physics

  • miscellaneous papers on elementary particles (high energy) & nuclear physics

-radioactive sources

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Mancuso, R. V. and J. A. Ulinski (1973), "Identification of radioactive isotopes in reactor pool water," Am. J. Phys. 41, 405-409.

Miller, C. W. (1971), "Using a problem approach in a radioisotope techniques laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 39, 681.

Rhyner, C. R. (1971), "More on laboratory isotope generators," Am. J. Phys. 39, 1274.

Williams, T. S. and Committee on Apparatus of the AAPT, Eds. (1965), "Apparatus notes: Radioactive sources," Am. J. Phys. 33, No. 2 - xiii.

Peralta, L., T. Paiva, and C. Ortigao (2003), "Radioactive 222Rn daughter nuclides on a paper strip," Eur. J. Phys. 24 (2), 149-57.

-radiation in the environment and health physics

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Granier, R. and D. Gambini (1990), Applied radiobiology and radiation protection (Ellis Horwood), ISBN 0-13-039991-4, Call no. RA 1231 R2 G6713 1989.

Institute of Physics (1966), Radiation measurements in nuclear power; proceedings of the International Conference organized (London: Institute of Physics and Physical Society), Call no. TK9006 R32.

National Research Council (1988), Health risks of radon and other internally deposited alpha-emitters (National Academy Press), ISBN 0-309-03797-2, Call no. RC 95 A42 H43 1987.

Shapiro, J. (1992), Radiation protection: a guide for scientists and physicians, 3rd ed. (Harvard Univ. Press), ISBN 0-674-74586-8, Call no. RA 569 S5 1990.

Bradley, G. and J. Dewitt (1968), "K-40 detection in general physics laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 36, 920-921.

Braestrup, C. B. (1966), "Radiation protection in teaching institutions," Am. J. Phys. 34, 1193.

Howard, A. J., S. E. Carroll, and W. P. Strange (1991), "A simple system for radon-in-air concentration determinations," Am. J. Phys. 59, 544-550.

McGinely, P. H. (1973), "Atmospheric radioactivity," Am. J. Phys. 41, 921-922.

Muriel, A. (1975), "Comment on "Physics instruction for radiologic technologists" [Chaney et al, Am. J. Phys. 42, 465 (1974)]," Am. J. Phys. 43.

Onn, D. G., R. M. Gagne, and M. P. Hofmann (1972), "Thermoluminescent dosimetry in a "medical physics" course laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 40, 1517-1523.

Raeside, D. E. (1973), "Photon dosimetry by luminescence methods," Am. J. Phys. 41, 539-548.

Smith, H. A., Jr., T. E. Ward, and J. Wesick (1978), "Laboratory study of the radiactivity from fission products in microscopic fallout particles," Am. J. Phys. 46, 279-284.

Smith, H. A., Jr., T. E. Ward, K. H. Hicks, and C. J. Nelson (1979), "Laboratory study of airborn fallout particles and their time distribution," Am. J. Phys. 47, 71-77.

Wilson, R. (1999), "Resource Letter EIRLD-1: Effects of ionizing radiation at low doses," Am. J. Phys. 67 (5), 372-7.

Anjos, R. M., E. Okuno, P. R. S. Gomes, R. Veiga, L. Estellita, L. Mangia, D. Uzeda, T. Soares, A. Facure, J. A. P. Brage, B. Mosquera, C. Carvalho, and A. M. A. Santos (2004), "Radioecology teaching: evaluation of the background radiation levels from areas with high concentrations of radionuclides in soil," Eur. J. Phys. 25 (2), 133-44.

Bacon, M. E. (2004), "A comparison of electrostatic and filtered air collection of radon progeny," Eur. J. Phys. 25 (2), 239-48.

Samuelsson, L. (1986), "Radon in dwellings: a high-voltage method for fast measurement of radon daughter levels," Eur. J. Phys. 7, 170-173.

Samuelsson, L. (2005), "The radon indicator," Eur. J. Phys. 26 (6), 999-1006.

Lake, R. (1991), "A survey of alpha-radioactivity levels in the Neston area," Phys. Educ. 26, 390-392.

-x-rays & Bremsstrahlung

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Kaelble, E. F. (1967), Ed., Handbook of X-rays: for diffraction, emission, absorption, and microscopy (McGraw-Hill).

Barry, P. J. and A. D. Brothers (1986), "Interfacing the Tel-X-Ometer with a microcomputer," Am. J. Phys. 54, 186-7.

Fedak, W., D. Bord, C. Smith, D. Gawrych, and K. Lindeman (2003), "Automation of the franck-hertz experiment and the tel-X-ometer x-ray machine using LABVIEW," Am. J. Phys. 71 (5), 501-6.

Hayn, C. H. (1973), "A student x-ray diffraction experiment," Am. J. Phys. 41, 968-971.

Hayn, C. H. (1974), "Response to Bruce Horn's comment [Bruce Horn, Am. J. Phys. 42, 257 (1974)]," Am. J. Phys. 42, 258-259.

Hendren, J. K. (1972), "Bibliography on X-ray diffraction studies of liquids," Am. J. Phys. 40, 1343.

Hohenemser, C. and I. M. Asher (1968), "A simple apparatus for Moseley's law," Am. J. Phys. 36, 882-885.

Horn, B. (1974), "Comment on "A student X-ray diffraction experiment" [Carl H. Hayn, Am. J. Phys. 41, 968 (1973)]," Am. J. Phys. 42, 257-258.

Kerur, B. R., H. A. Jahagirdar, S. R. Thontadarya, and B. Hanumaiah (1989), "Identification of elements by X-ray interaction - a laboratory experiment," Am. J. Phys. 57, 1148-1149.

Kiszenick, W. and N. Wainfan (1974), "X-ray emission and absorption for introductory modern physics courses," Am. J. Phys. 42, 161-166.

Margaritondo, G. and J. H. Weaver (1984), "Resource Letter SR-1: synchrotron radiation," Am. J. Phys. 52, 590-597.

Matthys, D. R. (1982), "Greninger nets for backscattered Laue analysis," Am. J. Phys. 50, 555-6.

Mudhole, T. S. and N. Umakantha (1972), "Z dependence of external Bremsstrahlung: a laboratory experiment," Am. J. Phys. 40, 591-595.

Muldawer, L. (1969), "Resource letter XR-1 on X-rays," Am. J. Phys. 37, 123-134.

Nayak, S. V. and N. M. Badiger (2005), "A novel method for determining the K-absorption edge using bremsstrahlung radiation," Am. J. Phys. 73 (4), 369-71.

Ouseph, P. J. and K. H. Hoskins (1982), "Moseley's law," Am. J. Phys. 50, 276-7.

Piccard, R. D. and S. A. Carter (1989), "Using nonexponential absorption to demonstrate that anode x rays are polychromatic," Am. J. Phys. 57, 931-6.

Raj, K. and M. K. Ramaswamy (1969), "A laboratory measurement of decay energy in electron capture from inner Bremsstrahlung spectrum," Am. J. Phys. 37, 70-72.

Robinson, W. K., W. D. Adams, and J. L. Duggan (1968), "Some experiments with a radioisotope X-ray source for the undergraduate laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 36, 683-689.

Rodriquez, R. and A. Clark (1987), "F center experiments from soft x-rays," Am. J. Phys. 55, 186-7.

Russo, P. and A. D. Brothers (1982), "Powder diffraction patterns on the Tel-X-Ometer 80," Am. J. Phys. 50, 89-90.

Sanjeeviah, H., S. Gopal, and B. Sanjeevaiah (1977), "A laboratory determination of the total decay energy for electron-capture process from inner bremsstrahlung spectrum," Am. J. Phys. 45, 1214-1216.

Spielbauer, G. (1975), "Conversion of a Liebig distillation condensoer into an x-ray tube," Am. J. Phys. 43, 194-195.

Spielbauer, G. (1977), "Conversion of a light bulb into an x-ray tube," Am. J. Phys. 45, 104-105.

Spielbauer, G. (1979), "Improved light bulb x-ray tube," Am. J. Phys. 47, 474.

Thomsen, J. S. and A. F. Burr (1968), "Biography of the X-unit - the X-ray wavelength scale," Am. J. Phys. 36, 803-810.

Vermillion, R. E. (1977), "X-ray photgraphs on Polaroid film," Am. J. Phys. 45, 587-588.

Elliott, M. J. W. (1986), "Measurements with x-rays in the undergraduate laboratory," Eur. J. Phys. 7, 177-182.

-gamma spectroscopy

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Quittner, P. (1972), "Gamma ray spectroscopy," in Gamma ray spectroscopy: with particular reference to detector and computer evaluation technigues (Halstead), ISBN 0-470-70270-2.

Avignone, F. T., III (1973), "Experiment to demonstrate the creation of positron-electron pairs by gamma rays," Am. J. Phys. 41, 71-74.

Avignone, F. T., III and J. E. Pinkerton (1972), "gamma-gamma directional correlation experiment for the nuclear or advanced laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 40, 1542-1543.

Avignone, F. T., III and S. M. Blankenship (1974), "Recent improvements in the experiment to demonstrate the creation of positron-electron pairs," Am. J. Phys. 42, 698-699.

DeYoung, P. A., P. L. Jolivette, and N. Rouze (1993), "Experimental verification of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle-an advanced undergraduate laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 61 (6), 560-3.

Ficken, G. W., Jr. (1972), "Source strength of Co-60 and Sc-46 using scintillation detectors and gamma-gamma coincidence," Am. J. Phys. 40, 1698-1699.

Fiske, T. G., J. R. Jadrich, and M. J. Zender (1984), "Unknown gamma emitter identification for an advanced physics laboratory class, or don't throw away your old Sn-113 source," Am. J. Phys. 52, 76-77.

French, W. R., Jr., R. L. LaShure, and J. L. Curran (1969), "Lithium-drifted Germanium detectors," Am. J. Phys. 37, 11-22.

French, W. R., Jr., W. M. Wehrbein, and S. E. Moore (1969), "Measurement of photoelectric, Compton, and pair-production cross sections in Germanium," Am. J. Phys. 37, 391-396.

Hoeling, B., D. Reed, and P. B. Siegel (1999), "Going bananas in the radiation laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 67 (5), 440-2.

Logan, B. A. (1978), "A source of 4.43-MeV gamma rays," Am. J. Phys. 46, 866-867.

Luetzelschwab, J. (1983), "Determining the age of gas lantern mantles using gamma-ray analysis," Am. J. Phys. 51, 538-542.

Ouseph, P. J. (1973), "In-116, a source for gamma spectroscopy experiments," Am. J. Phys. 41, 589-591.

Ouseph, P. J., K. D. Hoskins, J. I. Berman, and A. J. Bolander (1982), "Experiment to determine the absorption coefficient of gamma rays as a function of energy," Am. J. Phys. 50, 275-6.

Rabinoff, C. V. and I. Boekelheide (1966), "Graphing self-absorption curves with ordinary gamma-ray absorption data," Am. J. Phys. 34, 130-132.

Raeside, D. E. (1972), "A note on Lithium-drifted Germanium gamma-ray detectors," Am. J. Phys. 40, 1343.

Raeside, D. E. and J. Brnetich (1971), "A high resolution gamma ray spectrum of background radiation," Am. J. Phys. 39, 1396-1397.

Riley, J. A. (1996), "Student measurement of radon gas concentrations," Am. J. Phys. 64 (1), 72-7.

Sachs, A. M., L. W. Jones, R. W. Kavanaugh, J. N. Neiler, R. M. Steffen, W. E. Hazen, J. Wesley, and F. E. Christensen (1966), "Development of some new experiments in nuclear and particle physics," Am. J. Phys. 34, 9-18.

Venkataramaiah, P., H. Sanjeeviah, and B. Sanjeevaiah (1978), "Energy dependence of the relative halfwidth of gamm-ray lines in NaI (Tl) crystals - a laboratory experiment," Am. J. Phys. 46, 292-293.

Work, R. N. (1965), "Photographic storage of pulse-height information in scintillation experiments," Am. J. Phys. 33, 888-894.

Wozniak, M. J., Jr. (1981), "Turn your Apple microcomputer into an economical pulse-height analyzer for gamma-ray spectroscopy," Am. J. Phys. 49, 700.

Galloway, R. B. (1970), "An introduction to the case of coincidence counting techniques in the study of gamma-rays," Phys. Educ. 5, 25-34.

-Compton scattering

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Badiger, N. M. and S. R. Thontadarya (1987), "Compton shift in energy and wavelength - a laboratory experiment," Am. J. Phys. 55, 175-6.

Bertsch, G. F. and J. A. Nolen (1984), "Simple demonstration of Compton effect," Am. J. Phys. 52, 183-184.

Chow, R. H. and J. S. Herold (1965), "Compton-scattering experiment using low-activity gamma-ray source," Am. J. Phys. 33, 1042-1047.

Cornell, D. A. (1984), "Modified scattering geometry for advanced undergraduate laboratory experiment on the Compton effect," Am. J. Phys. 52, 282-283.

Egelstaff, P. A., J. A. Jackman, P. J. Schultz, B. G. Nickel, and I. K. MacKenzie (1981), "Experiments in special relativity using Compton scattering of gamma rays," Am. J. Phys. 49, 43-47.

French, W. R., Jr. (1965), "Precision Compton-effect experiment," Am. J. Phys. 33, 523-527.

Hieronymus, S. A., L. L. Lundquist, and D. A. Cornell (1998), "Application of high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector to advanced laboratory experiment on the Compton effect," Am. J. Phys. 66 (9).

Hoffman, M. J. H. (1989), "The Compton effect as an experimental approach toward relativistic mass," Am. J. Phys. 57, 822-5.

Jolivette, P. L. and N. Rouze (1994), "Compton scattering, the electron mass, and relativity: a laboratory experiment," Am. J. Phys. 62 (3), 266-71.

Lorbach, H. (1969), "An improved laboratory equipment for Compton scattering," Am. J. Phys. 37, 11161-1162.

Manninen, S., K. Hämäläinen, and T. Paakari (1988), "Determination of Fermi momentum using Compton scattering: an undergraduate experiment," Am. J. Phys. 56, 928-33.

Nha, S. K. and J. A. McIntyre (1972), "The use of Compton scattering for the study of electron velocities," Am. J. Phys. 40, 1618-1624.

Sanjeevaiah, H., S. Gopal, P. Venkataramaiah, and B. Sanjeevaiah (1970), "A simple laboratory experiment for studying the Compton shift," Am. J. Phys. 38, 530-532.

Singhal, R. P. and A. J. Burns (1978), "Verification of Compton collision and Klein-Nishina formulas - an undergraduate laboratory experiment," Am. J. Phys. 46, 646-649.

Stamatelatos, M. (1972), "Compton scattering apparatus," Am. J. Phys. 40, 1871-1872.

Stamatelatos, M. (1973), "Erratum: "Compton scattering experiment" [Am. J. Phys. 40, 1871 (1972)]," Am. J. Phys. 41.

Williams, B. G. (1984), "Compton scattering and Heisenberg's microscope revisited," Am. J. Phys. 52, 425-430.

Work, R. N. (1965), "Photographic storage of pulse-height information in scintillation experiments," Am. J. Phys. 33, 888-894.

-positrons, annihiliation & pair production

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Avignone, F. T., III (1973), "Experiment to demonstrate the creation of positron-electron pairs by gamma rays," Am. J. Phys. 41, 71-74.

Avignone, F. T., III and J. E. Pinkerton (1972), "gamma-gamma directional correlation experiment for the nuclear or advanced laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 40, 1542-1543.

Avignone, F. T., III and S. M. Blankenship (1974), "Recent improvements in the experiment to demonstrate the creation of positron-electron pairs," Am. J. Phys. 42, 698-699.

Burton, L. D. and W. F. Huang (1978), " A high-temperature apparatus for positron annihilation studies," Am. J. Phys. 46, 1199-1200.

Burton, L. D. and W. F. Huang (1978), "Erratum: "A high-temperature apparatus for positron annihilation studies" [Am. J. Phys. 46, 1199 (1978)]," Am. J. Phys. 46, 389.

Dayton, I. E. (1973), "Comment on "Experiment to demonstrate the creation of positron-electron pairs by gamma rays" [F. T. Avignone, Am. J. Phys. 41, 71 (1973)]," Am. J. Phys. 41, 1205.

Ebel, M. F. (1979), "A students' experiment for the determination of the rest energy E0 of electrons," Am. J. Phys. 47, 96-98.

Lagare, M. T. and N. Umakantha (1975), "Conservation of mass-energy and linear momentum in electron-positron annihilation: a laboratory experiment," Am. J. Phys. 43, 189-190.

Ouseph, P. J. and J. L. DuBard (1978), "An experiment to demonstrate the energy broadening of annihilation gamma rays," Am. J. Phys. 46, 740-741.

Sonnabend, K., W. Bayer, P. Mohr, and A. Zilges (2002), "A simple experimental setup to demonstrate the basics of positron emission tomography," Am. J. Phys. 70 (9), 929-34.

Stevens, J. R. and W. C. Winegard (1971), "Electrons and positrons - can freshmen get a charge out of physics," Am. J. Phys. 39, 34-40.

Yuly, M. (1999), "Positronium in the undergraduate laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 67 (10), 880-4.

Burcham, E. and M. Jobes (1983), "Angular momentum in quantum mechanics as a group study topic," Eur. J. Phys. 4, 16-23.

Chow, L., S. Lukacs, and K. Hopkins (1994), "`Speed of light' measurement using BaF$_2$ scintillation detectors," Eur. J. Phys. 15 (2), 49-52.

-Mössbauer effect

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Frauenfelder, H., The Mossbauer effect (Benjamin 1962) ), ISBN PB.

Adler, A. D. and M. Hane (1966), "A simpel Mössbauer-effect apparatus," Am. J. Phys. 34, 189-191.

Carrell, J. C. (1972), "A linear air track demonstration of the Mössbauer effect," Am. J. Phys. 40, 1336-1337.

DeYoung, P. A., P. L. Jolivette, and N. Rouze (1993), "Experimental verification of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle-an advanced undergraduate laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 61 (6), 560-3.

Eyges, L. (1965), "Physics of the Mossbauer effect," Am. J. Phys. 33, 790-802.

Gupta, J. B. and J. S. Baijal (1969), "A simple vibration detector for Mossbauer velocity drives," Am. J. Phys. 37, 456.

Haskins, J. R. (1965), "Advanced Mossbauer effect experiments," Am. J. Phys. 33, 646-656.

Hesse, J. (1973), "Simple arrangement for educational Mössbauer-effect measurements," Am. J. Phys. 41, 127-129.

Iyengar, P. K. and P. S. P. Nathan (1969), "Student-type Mössbauer spectrometer," Am. J. Phys. 37, 754-755.

Kankeleit, E. (1966), "Simple Mössbauer spectrometer using x-ray film," Am. J. Phys. 34, 778-779.

Nussbaum, R. H., F. gerstenfeld, and J. K. Richardson (1966), "Precision high-resolution Mössbauer spectrometer," Am. J. Phys. 34, 45-52.

Ouseph, P. J. and A. Waheed (1966), "Simple electromechanical drive for Mossbauer experiments," Am. J. Phys. 34, 990.

Price, J. E. (1970), "Modified Mössbauer effect apparatus," Am. J. Phys. 38, 1161-1162.

Price, J. E. (1972), ""Simultaneous" accumulation of standard and unknown Mössbauer spectra," Am. J. Phys. 40, 477-478.

Schmidt, S. A. (1971), "Detectors and linewidths in Mössbauer spectroscopy," Am. J. Phys. 39, 1003-1005.

Vandegrift, G. and B. Fultz (1998), "The Mossbauer effect explained," Am. J. Phys. 66 (7), 593-6.

Sconza, A., G. Torzo, G. Calore, A. Loria, E. Mazzega, and M. Michelini (1990), "An undergraduate laboratory Mössbauer apparatus," Eur. J. Phys. 11, 343-351.

-alpha particles

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Bullen, T. G., C. F. C. (1970), "Apparatus for the study of the range of alpha particles in various gases at and below atmospheric pressures," Am. J. Phys. 38, 775-776.

Cochran, J. and M. G. Payne (1970), "An elementary experiment on the energy straggling of alpha particles in air," Am. J. Phys. 38, 762-765.

Desmarais, D. and Duggan. J. L. (1984), "An undergraduate alpha-particle time-of-flight experiment for determining the mean excitation energy for electronic stopping power of Al, Cu, Ag, and Au," Am. J. Phys. 52, 408-411.

Desmarais, D. and J. L. Duggan (1984), "Alpha-particle-induced, inner-shell ionization measurements for the undergraduate laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 52, 507-513.

Desmarais, D. and J. L. Duggan (1990), "The study of alpha-particle decay schemes of heavy nuclei," Am. J. Phys. 58, 1079-85.

Dousse, J. Cl. and CH. Rheme (1983), "The Si photodiode: an inexpensive though high-performing alpha detector," Am. J. Phys. 51, 452-455.

Ficken, G. W., Jr. (1969), "Alpha particle path length measurement using a solid-state detector," Am. J. Phys. 37, 217-218.

Huebner, J. S. and L. L. Skoll (1972), "The residual energy and stopping power of 210-Po alpha particles in air, CO2, and He," Am. J. Phys. 40, 1177-1178.

Klein, A. G., M. J. Caspar, and A. Nicola (1985), "Simple alpha particle detector," Am. J. Phys. 53, 1212.

Ouseph, P. J. (1976), "Alpha scattering apparatus," Am. J. Phys. 44, 1012-1013.

Ouseph, P. J. and A. Mostovych (1978), "An experiment to measure range, range straggling, stopping power, and energy straggling of alpha particles in air," Am. J. Phys. 46, 742-744.

Prior, R. M. and A. A. Rollefson (1982), "Anomalous energy straggling of alpha particles," Am. J. Phys. 50, 457-9.

Sachs, A. M., L. W. Jones, R. W. Kavanaugh, J. N. Neiler, R. M. Steffen, W. E. Hazen, J. Wesley, and F. E. Christensen (1966), "Development of some new experiments in nuclear and particle physics," Am. J. Phys. 34, 9-18.

Buck, B., Merchant. A. C., and S. N. Perez (1993), "An illustration of benford's first digit law using alpha decay half lives," Eur. J. Phys. 14, 57-58.

Elliott, M. J. W. and C. M. H. Smith (1981), "Computation and measurement of differential ranges of low-energy alpha particales in matter," Eur. J. Phys. 2, 75-81.

Juardo Varga, M., A. Martin Sanchez, and F. s. Vera Tome (1992), "Some educational applications of alpha spectrometry," Eur. J. Phys. 13, 257-263.

MacLeod, A. M. (1980), "A study of the statistics of Poisson distribution," Eur. J. Phys. 1, 88-97.

Bishop, R. (1988), "An alpha-particle energy spectrometer based on the BBC micro," Phys. Educ. 23, 42-46.

Jönsson, G. (1981), "Alpha particle detection by plastic film - an experimental approach to nuclear physics," Phys. Educ. 16, 102-103.

-beta particles & relativistic electrons

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Couch, J. G. and T. K. Dorries (1982), "Measuring relativistic electrons in the undergraduate laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 50, 917-21.

Ebel, M. F. (1979), "A students' experiment for the determination of the rest energy E0 of electrons," Am. J. Phys. 47, 96-98.

Geller, K. N. and R. Kollarits (1972), "Experiment to measure the increase in electron mass with velocity," Am. J. Phys. 40, 1125-1130.

Malley, M. (1971), "The discovery of the beta particle," Am. J. Phys. 39, 1454-1461.

Mudhole, T. S. and N. Umakantha (1973), "A sector-type beta-ray spectrometer: a laboraotry experiment," Am. J. Phys. 41, 242-246.

Mudhole, T. S. and N. Umakantha (1977), "Determination of the rest-mass energy of the electron: a laboratory experiment," Am. J. Phys. 45, 1119-1120.

Murray, D. G. (1976), "Introductory absorption experiment for low-energy beta particles," Am. J. Phys. 44, 1229-1230.

Nayak, S. V. and N. M. Badiger (2005), "A novel method for determining the K-absorption edge using bremsstrahlung radiation," Am. J. Phys. 73 (4), 369-71.

Fabry, M., J. R. Cussenot, and A. Picot (1981), "A beta spectroscopy experiment in physics," Eur. J. Phys. 2, 129-132.

-neutrons

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Ahmed, M. U. and E. D. Jones (1996), "Measurement of the efficiency of a BF3 counter," Am. J. Phys. 64 (10), 1278-1281.

Higinbotham, J. (1979), "Radial flux distribution of low-energy neutrons," Am. J. Phys. 47, 730-734.

Howes, R. H., T. Baumann, M. Thoennessen, J. Brown, P. A. DeYoung, J. Finck, J. Hinnefeld, K. W. Kemper, B. Luther, P. V. Pancella, G. F. Peaslee, W. F. Rogers, and S. Tabor (2005), "Fabrication of a modular neutron array: a collaborative approach to undergraduate research," Am. J. Phys. 73 (2), 122-6.

Klein, A. G., L. J. Martin, and G. I. Opat (1977), "Fresnel diffraction of slow neutrons," Am. J. Phys. 45, 295-297.

Minor, T. C., F. D. martin, H. E. Montgomery, Jr., L. M. Okun, and J. L. Fowler (1969), "Undergraduate experiment to find nuclear sizes by measuring total cross sections for fast neutrons," Am. J. Phys. 37, 649-654.

Nellis, W. J. (1977), "Slowing-down distances and times of 0.1- to 14-MeV neutrons in hydrogenous materials," Am. J. Phys. 45, 443-446.

Rawls, W. S. and H. G. Voss (1966), "A versatile, inexpensive neutron howitzer," Am. J. Phys. 34, 1182-1184.

Rhode, J. I. (1987), "Neutron irradiation of a NaI(Tl) crystal," Am. J. Phys. 55, 653-7.

Robinson, W. K., J. L. Nagi, and J. L. Duggan (1969), "A time-of-flight neutron experiment for the undergraduate laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 37, 482-488.

-nuclear activation, decay, fission & half-life measurements

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Ahmed, M. U. and E. D. Jones (1996), "Measurement of the efficiency of a BF3 counter," Am. J. Phys. 64 (10), 1278-1281.

Banta, H. E. and G. I. Gleason (1969), "A student exercise on the decay scheme of 116m-In," Am. J. Phys. 37, 605-610.

Becchetti, F. D. and J. S. Ying (1981), "Student experiments in spontaneous fission," Am. J. Phys. 49, 1162-1171.

Benenson, R. E., K. Rimawi, M. Chaitin, S. Goldenberg, and D. Kaplan (1976), "Self-diffusion experiment using a neutron generator," Am. J. Phys. 44, 1089-1093.

Campbell, J. L., P. O'Brien, and I. K. Mackenzie (1972), "An undergraduate experiment on nuclear lifetime measurement using the Doppler effect," Am. J. Phys. 40, 9-15.

Chakarvarti, S. K. and K. K. Nagpaul (1979), "Simple experimental method for determination of the half-life of U-238 using solid-state track detectors," Am. J. Phys. 47, 920-921.

Charas, S. (1969), "Radiactivity demonstration," Am. J. Phys. 37, 331.

Chikkur, G. C. and N. Umakantha (1977), "Half-life of thorium-232: a laboratory experiment," Am. J. Phys. 45, 1120-1122.

Cussenot, J. R. and M. Fabry (1980), "Undergraduate experiment: half-lifes Thorium 232 and Radon 220," Am. J. Phys. 48, 776-777.

Desmarais, D. and Duggan. J. L. (1991), "Electron conversion for selected nuclides," Am. J. Phys. 59, 56-62.

Desmarais, D. and J. L. Duggan (1984), "Stopping power of silver for 252-Cf fission fragments," Am. J. Phys. 52, 234-237.

DuBard, J. L. and A. Gambhir (1994), "Dust off the neutron howitzer to teach nuclear physics!," Am. J. Phys. 62 (3), 255-7.

French, W. R., Jr. and R. L. Bunting (1969), "Measurement of neutron-induced, fission-fragment energy spectra in the advanced laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 37, 637-645.

Gleeson, R. F. (1973), "Instructional uses of computers: study of mu-deacay, least squares fitting, radioactive decay, and relativistic two body collisions," Am. J. Phys. 41, 410-411.

Gopal, K., H. Sanjeevaiah, and B. Sanjeevaiah (1972), "A laboratory experiment for determining the partial half-life of K-40 for beta emission," Am. J. Phys. 40, 721-723.

Higbie, J. (1980), "The better mousetrap: a nuclear chain reaction demonstration," Am. J. Phys. 48, 86-88.

Johnston, F. J. (1976), "Neutron chemistry with a 252Cf fission source," Am. J. Phys. 44, 974-977.

Kinsella, I. A., P. B. O hannaidh, and A. Dunne (1980), "Erratum: "Stochastic models of radioactive decay" [Am. J. Phys. 48, 172 (1980)]," Am. J. Phys. 48, 886.

Kinsella, I. A., P. B. O hannaidh, and A. Dunne (1980), "Stochastic models of radioactive decay," Am. J. Phys. 48, 172-174.

Kowalski, L., C. J. Gelderloos, and J. M. Alexander (1994), "Exploration of extremely short times in nuclear physics," Am. J. Phys. 62 (6), 545-8.

Loveland, W. (1971), "A laboratory experiment on the statistical theory of nuclear reactions," Am. J. Phys. 39, 627-631.

McGuire, S. C., D. D. Clark, and D. F. Holcomb (1996), "Modern physics concepts taught via a neutron activation analysis laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 64 (11), 1384-8.

Mudhole, T. S. and N. Umakantha (1975), "Binding energy of the deuteron: a laboratory experiment," Am. J. Phys. 43, 104-105.

Oottukulam, J. M. and M. K. Ramaswamy (1971), "Radioactive half-life determination with an isotope generator," Am. J. Phys. 39, 221.

Priest, J. and J. Poth (1983), "Demonstrations for teaching nuclear energy," Am. J. Phys. 51, 185-187.

Prior, R. M. and A. A. Rollefson (1978), "An introductory activation experiment for the senior laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 46, 1077-1078.

Rollefson, A. A. and R. M. Prior (1978), "An advanced undergraduate nuclear lifetime experiment," Am. J. Phys. 46, 1007-1008.

Ruby, L. (1966), "Demonstration of the buildup and decay of radioactivity," Am. J. Phys. 34, 246-248.

Ruby, L. (1981), "Statistics of the detection process in radioactive decay," Am. J. Phys. 49, 141-142.

Ruddick, K. (1995), "Determination of the half-life of 212Po," Am. J. Phys. 63 (7), 658-60.

Sachs, A. M., L. W. Jones, R. W. Kavanaugh, J. N. Neiler, R. M. Steffen, W. E. Hazen, J. Wesley, and F. E. Christensen (1966), "Development of some new experiments in nuclear and particle physics," Am. J. Phys. 34, 9-18.

Scobie, J. and R. D. Scott (1971), "A student experiment on successive radioactive decay," Am. J. Phys. 39, 962-963.

Scobie, J., R. D. Scott, and J. F. Stewart (1975), "Use of the point of inflection on a radioactive decay curve," Am. J. Phys. 43, 1012-1013.

Shapiro, M. H. (1976), "Electronic nuclear lifetime experiment for the senior laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 44, 380-383.

Snedegar, W. H. and A. R. Exton (1971), "Comment on "Radioactive half-life determination with an isotope generator" [J. M. Oottukulam and M. K. Ramaswamy, Am. J. Phys. 39, 221 (1971)]," Am. J. Phys. 39, 1282.

Stevens, R. E. (2000), "Neutron activation analysis of a penny," Am. J. Phys. 68 (4), 385-6.

Supon, F. W. and J. J. Kraushaar (1983), "Radioactive half-life measurements in a freshman or sophomore laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 51, 761-763.

Taylor, B. E. (1989), "An automated short half-life experiment," Am. J. Phys. 57, 1051-2.

Taylor, J. H. and A. P. West (1965), "Sources for half-life measurements," Am. J. Phys. 33, 1061-1063.

Waltner, A. W. (1965), "Laboratory experiments in nuclear physics," Am. J. Phys. 33, No. 12- xii..

Whitehead, L. A. (1983), "Domino "chain reaction"," Am. J. Phys. 51, 182.

Wunderlich, F. J. and M. Peastrel (1978), "Electronic analog of radioactive decay," Am. J. Phys. 46, 189-190.

Danson, R. (1982), "Radioactive decay," Phys. Educ. 17, 240.

Ledingham, K. W. D. and A. H. Callaghan (1979), "An experiment on the decay of 58-Co," Phys. Educ. 14.

-muons & muon lifetime

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Amsler, C. (1974), "The determination of the muon magnetic moment from cosmic rays," Am. J. Phys. 42, 1067-1069.

Easwar, N. and D. A. MacIntire (1991), "Study of the effect of relativistic time dilation on cosmic ray muon flux - an undergraduate modern physics experiment," Am. J. Phys. 59, 589-592.

Gleeson, R. F. (1973), "Instructional uses of computers: study of mu-deacay, least squares fitting, radioactive decay, and relativistic two body collisions," Am. J. Phys. 41, 410-411.

Hall, R. E., D. A. Lind, and R. A. Ristinen (1970), "A simplified muon lifetime experiment for the instructional laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 38, 1196-1200.

Lewis, R. J. (1982), "Automatic measurment of the mean lifetime of the muon," Am. J. Phys. 50, 894-5.

Owens, A. and A. E. Macgregor (1978), "Simple technique for determining the mean lifetime of the cosmic ray mu meson," Am. J. Phys. 46, 859-860.

Roesch, L. Ph., V. L. Telegdi, P. Truttmann, and A. Zehnder (1982), "Direct measurement of the helicity of the muonic neutrino," Am. J. Phys. 50, 931-935.

Sachs, A. M., L. W. Jones, R. W. Kavanaugh, J. N. Neiler, R. M. Steffen, W. E. Hazen, J. Wesley, and F. E. Christensen (1966), "Development of some new experiments in nuclear and particle physics," Am. J. Phys. 34, 9-18.

Ward, T., M. Barker, J. Breeden, K. Komisarcik, M. Pickar, D. Wark, and J. Wiggins (1985), "Laboratory study of the cosmic-ray muon lifetime," Am. J. Phys. 53, 542-546.

Busbridge, S. C. and M. J. Landels (1987), "A direct method for determining the cosmic-ray muon momentum spectrum in the range 1-10 GeV/c by Cerenkov light," Eur. J. Phys. 8, 276-279.

-cloud chamber and cosmic rays

To top?

Wilson, J. G. (1951), The principles of cloud-chamber technique (Cambridge).

Archer, A. B. and R. C. Amme (1991), "A LN2 cooled diffusion cloud chamber," Am. J. Phys. 59, 285-286.

Crawford, F. S. (1990), "Hot water, fresh beer, and salt," Am. J. Phys. 58, 1033-1036.

Easwar, N. and D. A. MacIntire (1991), "Study of the effect of relativistic time dilation on cosmic ray muon flux - an undergraduate modern physics experiment," Am. J. Phys. 59, 589-592.

French, J. D., W. H. Lamb, Jr., and P. J. Young (1971), "Students' calculation of cosmic ray trajectories," Am. J. Phys. 39, 103-106.

Gould, C. R. and R. L. Ives (1975), "Integrated circuit counter for cosmic ray experiments," Am. J. Phys. 43, 918-920.

Jackson, D. P. and M. T. Welker (2001), "Measuring and modeling cosmic ray showers with an MBL system: An undergraduate project," Am. J. Phys. 69 (8), 896-900.

Kruglak, H. and D. Kangas (1986), "A simple cloud chamber for television display," Am. J. Phys. 54, 473-4.

Mancil, M. E., V. P. Tharp, and J. D. French (1979), "Microcomputers for recording cosmic-ray time spectra," Am. J. Phys. 47, 921-922.

Xu, Q. and L. M. Brown (1987), "The early history of cosmic ray research," Am. J. Phys. 55, 23-33.

Busbridge, S. C. and M. J. Landels (1987), "A direct method for determining the cosmic-ray muon momentum spectrum in the range 1-10 GeV/c by Cerenkov light," Eur. J. Phys. 8, 276-279.

Leone, M. and N. Robotti (2004), "A note on the Wilson cloud chamber (1912)," Eur. J. Phys. 25 (6), 781-91.

Brown, L. W. (1980), "Following Wilson into the clouds," Phys. Educ. 15, 380-385.

Rastin, B. C. (1970), "Selected topics from cosmic ray physics," Phys. Educ. 5, 349-354.

-particle scattering, Rutherford scattering & analysis of scattering data

To top?

Barger, V. D. and R. J. Phillips (1987), Collider Physics (Addison-Wesley), ISBN 0-201-05876-6, Call no. QC 793.2 B37 1987.

Dodds, S. A. and G. S. Mutchler (1996), "A novel geometry for Rutherford scattering," Am. J. Phys. 64 (10), 1295-8.

Duggan, J. L. (1965), "A scattering chamber experiment for the modern physics laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 33, 312.

Earl, J. A. (1966), "Modified version of the MIT Rutherford scattering apparatus for use in advanced undergraduate laboratories," Am. J. Phys. 34, 483-488.

French, W. R., W. M. Wherbein, D. Goss, and J. K. Gasper (1971), "Determination of energy levels in stable nuclei by neutron inelastic scattering," Am. J. Phys. 39, 131-134.

Gleeson, R. F. (1973), "Instructional uses of computers: study of mu-deacay, least squares fitting, radioactive decay, and relativistic two body collisions," Am. J. Phys. 41, 410-411.

Hageseth, G. T. and F. J. McCormack (1969), "The poorman's macroscopic scattering analyzer," Am. J. Phys. 37, 204-210.

Haskins, J. R. (1985), "Breit-Wigner resonance and the delta ++," Am. J. Phys. 53, 988-991.

Kruse, O. E. (1975), "A look at the small-angle end of the Rutherford scattering formula," Am. J. Phys. 43, 328-330.

Linday, R. H., D. H. Ehlers, and R. R. McLeod (1965), "Rutherford scattering apparatus for laboratory and lecture demonstration," Am. J. Phys. 33, 1055-1060.

Merrill, J. R. and R. A. Morrow (1970), "An introductory scattering experiment by simulation," Am. J. Phys. 38, 1104-1107.

Minor, T. C., F. D. martin, H. E. Montgomery, Jr., L. M. Okun, and J. L. Fowler (1969), "Undergraduate experiment to find nuclear sizes by measuring total cross sections for fast neutrons," Am. J. Phys. 37, 649-654.

Ramage, J. C., J. McKeown, and K. W. D. Ledingham (1975), "A convincing demonstration of the csc^^4(theta/2) law," Am. J. Phys. 43, 51-58.

Robinson, W. K., J. L. Nagi, and J. L. Duggan (1969), "A time-of-flight neutron experiment for the undergraduate laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 37, 482-488.

Sandin, T. R. (1977), "Simulated one-dimensional nuclear scattering experiment," Am. J. Phys. 45, 212.

Whiteside, H., J. N. Palmieris, and R. A. Burnstein (1966), "An experiment in elentary particle physics for the elementaru laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 34, 1005-1014.

Wicher, E. R. (1965), "Elementary Rutherford scattering simulator," Am. J. Phys. 33, 635-636.

Williamson, W., Jr. and G. C. Duncan (1986), "Monte Carlo simulation of nonrelativistic electron scattering," Am. J. Phys. 54, 262-267.

Hoppenau, S. and J. Eggers (1985), "Rutherford cross sections measured with nuclear track detectors," Eur. J. Phys. 6, 86-90.

Paniagua, J. M., J. M. Sanchez, J. Moreno, A. Jimenez, and M. Rufo (2001), "Rutherford simple and multiple scattering by computer simulation," Eur. J. Phys. 22 (2), 157-67.

Plattner, G. -R. and I. Sick (1981), "Coherence, interference and the Pauli principle: Coulomb scattering of carbon from carbon," Eur. J. Phys. 2, 109-113.

Jones, G. T. (1992), "A quite extraordinary demonstration of quantum electrodynamics," Phys. Educ. 27, 81-86.

-particles interacting with materials, stopping power & radiation damage

To top?

Arqueros, F. and S. Martinez (1992), "Study of radiation-matter interaction processes below 1 MeV from simulated data," Am. J. Phys. 60, 232-238.

Lehmann, C. (1979), "A simple way to demonstrate nuclear blocking patterns of crystal lattices," Am. J. Phys. 47, 289-290.

Nellis, W. J. (1977), "Slowing-down distances and times of 0.1- to 14-MeV neutrons in hydrogenous materials," Am. J. Phys. 45, 443-446.

Ouseph, P. J. and A. Mostovych (1978), "An experiment to measure range, range straggling, stopping power, and energy straggling of alpha particles in air," Am. J. Phys. 46, 742-744.

Ouseph, P. J., K. D. Hoskins, J. I. Berman, and A. J. Bolander (1982), "Experiment to determine the absorption coefficient of gamma rays as a function of energy," Am. J. Phys. 50, 275-6.

Ouseph, P. J., K. D. Hoskins, M. Wadsworth, J. S. Miller, and S. Merriam (1982), "Electron interaction with matter," Am. J. Phys. 50, 341-3.

Porter, B., P. Auchincloss, P. De Barbaro, A. Bodek, and H. Budd (1999), "A study of an acrylic Cerenkov radiation detector," Am. J. Phys. 67 (11), 1022-8.

Porter, L. E. (1974), "Stopping power of a thin target for internal conversion electrons: a laboratory experiment," Am. J. Phys. 42, 610-611.

Prior, R. M. and A. A. Rollefson (1982), "Anomalous energy straggling of alpha particles," Am. J. Phys. 50, 457-9.

Rhode, J. I. (1987), "Neutron irradiation of a NaI(Tl) crystal," Am. J. Phys. 55, 653-7.

Capizzo, M. C., S. Nuzzo, R. M. S. Mineo, and M. Zarcone (2005), "Diffusion of neutrons by a slab of moderating material: an application of the Monte Carlo method," Eur. J. Phys. 26 (1), 85-95.

Elliott, M. J. W. and C. M. H. Smith (1981), "Computation and measurement of differential ranges of low-energy alpha particales in matter," Eur. J. Phys. 2, 75-81.

Paniagua, J., J. Rosado, M. del Rio, A. Jimenez, A. Baeza, and C. Miro (1995), "ATEN, a didactic program to study gamma radiation attenuation through matter," Eur. J. Phys. 16 (2), 49-57.

-particle tracks

To top?

Jeffreys, D., D. Larson, and J. D. French (1972), "C-14 dating with nuclear track emulsions," Am. J. Phys. 40, 1400-1403.

Pilcher, V. E., C. C. Jones, and G. R. Ellmers (1972), "Particle tracks in cellulose nitrate," Am. J. Phys. 40, 679-683.

Danielsson, M., J. Soderqvist, and P. Carlson (1995), "A straightforward exercise demonstrating Heisenberg's uncertainty principle," Eur. J. Phys. 16 (3), 97-100.

-radiation detectors

To top?

Blum, W. and L. Rolandi (1993), Particle detection with drift chambers (Springer), ISBN 0-387-56425-X.

Fenyves, E. (1969), The physical principles of nuclear radiation measurements (New York: Academic Press), Call no. QC786 .F4313.

Kleinknecht, K. (1986), Detectors for particle radiation (Cambridge), ISBN 0-521-35852-3 (pb), Call no. QC 786 K57 1986.

Knoll, G. F. (1979), Radiation Detection and Measurement (Wiley), ISBN 0-471-49545-X, Call no. QC 787 C6 K56.

Ahmed, M. U. and E. D. Jones (1996), "Measurement of the efficiency of a BF3 counter," Am. J. Phys. 64 (10), 1278-1281.

Chikkur, G. C., M. T. Lagare, and N. Umakantha (1979), "Fluorescence spectrum of NaI(Tl) crystal: a laboratory experiment," Am. J. Phys. 47, 715-717.

Chuang, L. S. and M. W. Tsui (1972), "Fabrication and characteristics study of a surface barrier silicon solid-state particle detector," Am. J. Phys. 40, 1679-1683.

Cole, R. W. (1969), "Test jig for ionization-chamber fiber electroscope," Am. J. Phys. 37, 227.

Delaney, C. F. G. and E. C. Finch (1984), "Some simple considerations on pulse shapes in radiation detectors," Am. J. Phys. 52, 351-354.

French, W. R., Jr., R. L. LaShure, and J. L. Curran (1969), "Lithium-drifted Germanium detectors," Am. J. Phys. 37, 11-22.

Klein, A. G., M. J. Caspar, and A. Nicola (1985), "Simple alpha particle detector," Am. J. Phys. 53, 1212.

Porter, B., P. Auchincloss, P. De Barbaro, A. Bodek, and H. Budd (1999), "A study of an acrylic Cerenkov radiation detector," Am. J. Phys. 67 (11), 1022-8.

Raeside, D. E. (1972), "A note on Lithium-drifted Germanium gamma-ray detectors," Am. J. Phys. 40, 1343.

Rhode, J. I. (1987), "Neutron irradiation of a NaI(Tl) crystal," Am. J. Phys. 55, 653-7.

Sachs, A. M., L. W. Jones, R. W. Kavanaugh, J. N. Neiler, R. M. Steffen, W. E. Hazen, J. Wesley, and F. E. Christensen (1966), "Development of some new experiments in nuclear and particle physics," Am. J. Phys. 34, 9-18.

Schwarz, G. and Committee on Apparatus of the AAPT, Eds. (1966), "Apparatus notes: scintillation crystals," Am. J. Phys. 34, No. 8 - iii.

Scobie, J. (1969), "A position-senstive proportional counter," Am. J. Phys. 37, 107.

Trower, W. P. (1970), "Resource letter PD-1 on particle detectors," Am. J. Phys. 38, 795-805.

Venkataramaiah, P., H. Sanjeeviah, and B. Sanjeevaiah (1978), "Energy dependence of the relative halfwidth of gamm-ray lines in NaI (Tl) crystals - a laboratory experiment," Am. J. Phys. 46, 292-293.

Wray, E. M. (1977), "Geometry factors for experiments in radioactivity," Am. J. Phys. 45, 985-986.

Bradley, D. A. (1988), "Detection of charged-particle ionising radiation," Eur. J. Phys. 9, 127-130.

Peralta, L. (2004), "Measuring the activity of a radioactive source in the classroom," Eur. J. Phys. 25 (2), 211-19.

Bridges, R. (1990), "The dead time of a Geiger-Müller tibe," Phys. Educ. 25, 60-65.

-nuclear instrumentation & statistics

To top?

Chiang, H. H. (1969), Basic Nuclear Electronics (Wiley), ISBN 0-471-15503-9.

Herbst, L. J. (1970), ed., Electronics for Nuclear Particle Analysis (Oxford Univ. Press), ISBN (pb).

Hoisingtton, D. B. (1959), Nucleonics fundamentals (McGraw-Hill).

Lyons, L. (1986), Statistics for nuclear and particle physicists (Cambridge), ISBN 0-521-37934-2 (pb), Call no. QC 776 L96 1986

Arqueros, F. and J. Campos (1978), "Simple apparatus to measure the temporal distribution between random events," Am. J. Phys. 46, 191-192.

Bell, R. E. (1965), "Three problems on random events," Am. J. Phys. 33, 219-221.

Bradley, G., J. Dewitt, and K. Mickle (1968), "Scintillation counter preamplifier and power supply," Am. J. Phys. 36, 920.

Curry, B., D. Riggins, and P. B. Siegel (1995), "Data analysis in the undergraduate nuclear laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 63 (1), 71-6.

Debevec, P. T. (1987), "A flexible nuclear counter for an introductory physics laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 55, 356-9.

Ficken, G. W., Jr. (1975), "On the use of multichannel analyzer(s) in introductory laboratories," Am. J. Phys. 43, 1017.

Gucker, E. J., F. K. Milano, and R. V. Nacuso (1971), "More on undergraduate measurements of counting statistics," Am. J. Phys. 39, 1401-1402.

Joyce, W. B. (1969), "Origin of counting statistics in simple nucleonic instruments," Am. J. Phys. 37, 489-494.

Kinsella, I. A., P. B. O hannaidh, and A. Dunne (1980), "Erratum: "Stochastic models of radioactive decay" [Am. J. Phys. 48, 172 (1980)]," Am. J. Phys. 48, 886.

Kinsella, I. A., P. B. O hannaidh, and A. Dunne (1980), "Stochastic models of radioactive decay," Am. J. Phys. 48, 172-174.

Kyker, G. C., Jr. (1981), "Resolving time effect on counting statistics," Am. J. Phys. 49, 561-563.

Loveland, W. (1971), "A laboratory experiment on the statistical theory of nuclear reactions," Am. J. Phys. 39, 627-631.

McFarland, E., I. MacKenzie, and R. Stone (1987), "An undergraduate experiment on statistics and errors using a radioactive source and a microcomputer," Am. J. Phys. 55, 650-3.

Metz, R. N. (1982), "Microcomputer to multichannel analyzer interface," Am. J. Phys. 50, 187-188.

Mildebrath, M. and S. Cipolla (1982), "Nuclear analyzer - computer interface: an inexpesive digital multichannel analyzer-computer interface for use in the modern physics laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 50, 667-8.

Mildebrath, M. and S. Cipolla (1983), "An improved multichannel analyzer-microcomputer interface," Am. J. Phys. 51, 1048-1049.

Munger, B. L., IV and R. E. Zammit (1980), "Microprocessor multichannel analyzer laboratory project," Am. J. Phys. 48, 623-625.

Ogden, P. M. (1972), "Monte Carlo simulation of counting experiments," Am. J. Phys. 40, 208-209.

Parker, D. H. and J. D. French (1985), "Simple single-channel pulse height analyzer," Am. J. Phys. 53, 793-794.

Pegna, G. G. (1977), "Four-function pocket calculator as a pulse counter," Am. J. Phys. 45, 1126-1127.

Robinson, B. L. (1965), "Some experiments on statisical distributions using a multichannel analyzer," Am. J. Phys. 33, 496-500.

Ruby, L. (1977), "Binomial aspects of radioactivity," Am. J. Phys. 45, 380-381.

Ruby, L. (1981), "Statistics of the detection process in radioactive decay," Am. J. Phys. 49, 141-142.

Spencer, C. D. and P. Muller (1979), "Multichannel analyzer built from a microcomputer," Am. J. Phys. 47, 445-449.

Wozniak, M. J., Jr. (1981), "Turn your Apple microcomputer into an economical pulse-height analyzer for gamma-ray spectroscopy," Am. J. Phys. 49, 700.

Arqueros, F., F. Blanco, and B. J. de Cisneros (2004), "Studying the statistical properties of particle counting with a very simple device," Eur. J. Phys. 25 (3), 399-407.

Buck, B., Merchant. A. C., and S. N. Perez (1993), "An illustration of benford's first digit law using alpha decay half lives," Eur. J. Phys. 14, 57-58.

Chakavarti, S. K., N. Lal, and K. K. Nagpaul (1980), "Nuclear statistics with a 'poor man's detector': a laboratory experiment," Eur. J. Phys. 1, 133-134.

MacLeod, A. M. (1980), "A study of the statistics of Poisson distribution," Eur. J. Phys. 1, 88-97.

Mulligan, J. F. (1987), "Experimental statistics for undergraduates - revisisted," Eur. J. Phys. 8.

Trainer, M. (2002), "Neutron activation: an invaluable technique for teaching applied radiation," Eur. J. Phys. 23 (1), 55-60.

Hodgkinson, J. A. (1985), "The use of a microcomputer as a multichannel analyser," Phys. Educ. 20, 38-42.

Tavney, D. A. (1970), "How do you use a scaler?," Phys. Educ. 5, 344-348.

-accelerator & collider physics

To top?

Barger, V. D. and R. J. Phillips (1987), Collider Physics (Addison-Wesley), ISBN 0-201-05876-6, Call no. QC 793.2 B37 1987.

Marton, L., C. Marton, and P. Richard (1980), Eds., Atomic physics: accelerators, Methods of experimental physics, v.17 (Academic), Call no. QC 794.6 C6 A25.

Persico, E. and E. a. S. Ferrari, Srgio E. (1968), Principles of Particle Accelerators (Benjamin).

Scharf, W. (1986), Particle accelerators and their uses, part 1: accelerator design (Harwood), ISBN 3-7186-0034-X, Call no. QC 787 PS S3513 1985.

Scharf, W. (1986), Particle accelerators and their uses, part 2: applications of accelerators (Harwood), ISBN 3-7186-0317-9, Call no. QC 787 PS S3513 1985.

Wiedemann, H. (1993), Particle accelerator physics: basic principles and linear beam dynamics (Springer), ISBN 0-387-56550-7.

Alvarez, L. W., R. Smits, and G. Senecal (1975), "Mechanical analog og the synchotron, illustrating phase stability and two-dimensional focusing," Am. J. Phys. 43, 293-296.

Bammann, D., E. Lesniak, and T. A. E. C. Pratt (1972), "Construction and possible uses of an electron linear accelerator," Am. J. Phys. 40, 16281635.

Blewett, J. P. (1966), "Resource letter PA-1 on particle acclerators," Am. J. Phys. 34, 742-752.

Edge, R. D. (1974), "A 10-to-the-10th power Mev Cyclotron," Am. J. Phys. 42, 106-107.

Edmonds, I., N. Giannakis, and C. Henderson (1995), "Cyclotron analog applied to the measurement of rolling friction," Am. J. Phys. 63 (1), 76-80.

Fielder, D. S. (1976), "Accelerator physics: an undergraduate course in experimental nuclear physics," Am. J. Phys. 44, 936-939.

Gilgenbach, R. M. (1988), "low-voltage models of particle accelerator circuits," Am. J. Phys. 56, 822-824.

Kalmus, P. I. P. and R. B. Jones (1976), "particle accelerators and the fundamental constants," Am. J. Phys. 44, 1216-1217.

Manos, H. (1989), "Using linear accelerators with high-school students," Am. J. Phys. 57, 139-42.

Margaritondo, G. and J. H. Weaver (1984), "Resource Letter SR-1: synchrotron radiation," Am. J. Phys. 52, 590-597.

Maslokovets, N. D. (1972), "Two new apparatuses for lecture demonstration [Brownian motion simulator and linear accelerator for charged sand]," Am. J. Phys. 40, 761-762.

Mass, N. D. (1975), "Model of a linear accelerator," Am. J. Phys. 43, 277-278.

Month, M. (2000), "Education in a rapidly advancing technology: Accelerators and beams," Am. J. Phys. 68 (6), 556-70.

Sessler, A. M. (1992), "Accelerator beam emittance," Am. J. Phys. 60, 760-762.

Sieman, R. (1992), "Phase stability of synchotron radiation," Am. J. Phys. 60, 853-856.

-van de Graaff & pelletron accelerators

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Chai, J., J. B. McClelland, and H. Spinka (1977), "Two Van de Graaff experiments for the senior laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 45, 611-617.

Duggan, J. L. (1965), "A scattering chamber experiment for the modern physics laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 33, 312.

Manos, H. (1989), "Using linear accelerators with high-school students," Am. J. Phys. 57, 139-42.

Simon, A. W. (1975), "Theory of the frictional Van de Graaff electrostatic generator," Am. J. Phys. 43, 1108-1110.

Treado, P. A. and J. M. Lambert (1968), "Elementary nulcear phsyics with a Van de Graaf accelerator," Am. J. Phys. 36, 987-993.

-nuclear reactor physics

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Michael, P. and R. I. Schermer (1968), "Resource letter Rea-1 on reactors," Am. J. Phys. 36, 659-668.

-miscellaneous papers on elementary particles (high energy) & nuclear physics

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Brower, H. (1976), "Demonstration of the photoelectric effect with a Geiger counter," Am. J. Phys. 44, 305-306.

Davis, W. P., Jr. (1965), "Computer use in the intermediate physics laboratory," Am. J. Phys. 33, 461.

French, W. R. and Committe on Apparatus of the AAPT, Eds. (1966), "Apparatus notes: useful references," Am. J. Phys. 34, No. 7 - vii.

Holstein, B. R. (1977), "Resource letter WI-1: weak interactions," Am. J. Phys. 45, 1033-1039.

Hovis, R. C. and H. Kragh (1991), "Resource letter HEPP-1: History of elementary particle physics," Am. J. Phys. 59, 779-807.

Pilcher, V. E., C. C. Jones, and G. R. Ellmers (1972), "Particle tracks in cellulose nitrate," Am. J. Phys. 40, 679-683.

Rosner, J. L. (1980), "Resource letter NP-1: new particles," Am. J. Phys. 48, 90-103.

Rosner, J. L. (1996), "Tabletop time-reversal violation," Am. J. Phys. 64 (8), 982-5.

Sachs, A. M., L. W. Jones, R. W. Kavanaugh, J. N. Neiler, R. M. Steffen, W. E. Hazen, J. Wesley, and F. E. Christensen (1966), "Development of some new experiments in nuclear and particle physics," Am. J. Phys. 34, 9-18.

Sessler, A. M. (1986), "The quest for ultrahigh energies," Am. J. Phys. 54, 505-510.

Sternheim, M. M. and J. H. Koch (1975), "Resource letter MENP-1: medium energy nuclear physics," Am. J. Phys. 43, 475-481.

Swarz, C. E. (1966), "Resource letter SAP-1 on subatomic particles," Am. J. Phys. 34, 1079-1085.

Barlow, R. (1992), "The teaching of high energy physics at British universities," Eur. J. Phys. 13, 105-110.

Bugge, L. (1996), "Particle physics research for first year students," Eur. J. Phys. 17 (1), 1-5.

Burcham, E. and M. Jobes (1983), "Angular momentum in quantum mechanics as a group study topic," Eur. J. Phys. 4, 16-23.

Heij, T. and H. P. Hooymayers (1980), "The 'ionising radiation' project," Phys. Educ. 15, 295.

Isenberg, C. (1982), "The construction of a 'relativistic' wave-particle," Phys. Educ. 17, 282-284.