Grade 6 SS

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Chapter 4 Ancient India Quizlet

Chapter 5 Ancient China

People to Know

Confucius- Chinese philosopher and teacher whose beliefs had a great influence on Chinese life; he summarized his ideas about relationships in a simple way: “Do not do to others what you would not want done to yourself”

Laozi- Chinese thinker and founder of Taoism

Shi Huangdi- China’s first emperor and founder of the Qin dynasty; ordered the construction of the Great Wall of China

Liu Bang- helped overthrow the Qin dynasty and became the first emperor of the Han dynasty

Wudi- Liu Bang’s great-grandson who helped the Han dynasty reach its greatest power; his name means “Warrior Emperor”

Sima Qian- Chinese scholar who spent his life writing a history of China

Cao Pei- warlord who tried to control the empire through the emperor; he declared an end to the Han dynasty and set up his own Wei dynasty.

Dynasties to Know

Shang dynasty- was the first civilization in China; built China’s first cities and set up the first writing system

Zhou dynasty- conquered the Shang and ruled over China for almost 1,000 years

Qin dynasty- established by Shi Huangdi and lasted for about 15 years; China took its name from this dynasty

Han dynasty- had a stable government which featured a civil service system based on Confucianism; during this dynasty China had many new inventions and achievements; the people of China still refer to themselves as the children of this dynasty

Wei dynasty- was founded by Cao Pei and lasted about 50 years

Chapter 5 Ancient China

Review

Section 1

- The Geography of Ancient China

· Northern China’s climate is

· Southern China’s climate is

· Geographic barriers such as and separated China from other lands

· The people of China thought that they lived at the center of the world and called themselves the

· Civilization began along the

· China’s longest river is the

· The Chinese people called the Huang River,

· It brought life to the (flooding brought fertile soil), but it also took life (destructive floods)

· To help control flooding, Chinese people built

- Early Civilization in China

· The dynasty was the first civilization in China

· The Shang people built China’s first , produced the first , and produced some of the finest .

· The conquered the Shang

· The was the idea that rulers came to power because it was their destiny or fate

- Importance of the Family

· The was the center of early Chinese society

· The family was considered to be of far more importance than the or the .

· A household in ancient China might contain as many as five living together

· The center of authority was usually the male

· were considered to be of lower status than men

Section 2

- The Life of Confucius

· was the most famous and important of the early Chinese thinkers

· He loved learning and was mostly .

· Confucius wanted to get a job but failed to do so and turned to .

· Confucius became China’s first teacher

· He taught students who were to learn

· Confucius taught students his views of and .

· Confucius thought he was a at the time of his death

- The Teachings of Confucius

· Confucius hoped to bring , , and to China’s kingdoms

· His students gathered a collection of his sayings after his death which made up a (Confucianism)

· Confucius believed that if people could be taught to behave properly toward one another, and would result

· He said that people in must set good examples so the people would follow their examples

· “Do not do to what you would not want done to ”

· was a religious philosophy based on the writings of Laozi

· Taoists believed that life should be lived in with .

- The Influence of Confucius

· The of Confucius had a major effect on Chinese government

· for government jobs had to pass official based on the teachings of Confucius

· With the people could get jobs (and advance in jobs) based on they knew instead of they knew

Section 3

- The Qin dynasty

· established the Qin dynasty

· Zheng changed his name to Shi Huangdi which means “ ”

· Shi Huangdi tried to strengthen China through and rule

· Shi Huangdi ordered the construction of the .

· He had built which enabled his armies to rush to the scene of any .

- Unifying Economy and Culture

· Shi Huangdi created a common , a common system of and , a code, and an improved .

· Shi Huangdi outlawed the ideas of Confucius and burned all of the books in China except for the ones about , , and .

· The Qin believed in , the idea that people should be punished for bad behavior and rewarded for good behavior

- The Han dynasty

· Liu Bang became the first emperor of the dynasty after helping to overthrow the dynasty

· He created a government

· Liu Bang set up the system based on Confucianism

· (Warrior Emperor) was the great-grandson of Liu Bang

· He strengthened the , improved the , and expanded China’s .

· The warlord declared an end to the Han dynasty and created the dynasty

Section 4

- The Silk Road

· The Silk Road was a major trade route that ran from China to the .

· The road crossed through country and land

· Few travelers journeyed the entire length of the .

· The Silk Road got its name from silk made in .

· If a silk worker told the about weaving the silk they could be put to .

- Tradition and Learning

· People returned to the teachings of during the Han dynasty (respect/tradition)

· recorded the history of China from mythical times to the reign of Wudi

- Han Technology

· During the Han dynasty, China became the most advanced in the world

· The Chinese made significant advances in tools and other technologies

· The of was one of the greatest accomplishments of the Han dynasty

Chapter 6

Chapter 6 Lessons 1 and 2

Ch 6 Vocabulary:

peninsula

epic

acropolis

city-state

aristocrat

tyrant

democracy

tribute

immortal

oracle

philosopher

tragedy

Chapter 6/Section 1 Review

- Greece’s Geographic Setting

· Greece is a country made up of

· are a major landform in Greece

· About of Greece is good for growing crops

· Greeks became and

· separated communities from one another

· These communities developed their own customs and beliefs but shared the same and

- Greek Beginnings

· The lived on the Island of Crete

· The Minoans gained much of their power through

· The Mycenaean’s lived on the

· Although the Mycenaean’s traded widely, they relied upon

to spread their power and trade

· Both the Minoans and the Mycenaean’s used

- The Trojan War

· Greek myths tell the story of the , a long struggle between Greece and the city of Troy

· Two epics, and (credited to Homer), tell the story of the Trojan War

- The Dark Ages of Greece

· Not long after the end of the Trojan War, civilizations in Greece

· No one knows exactly what caused to collapse

· and stopped

· People settled in areas where they could farm and where they had for protection

· Farms grew into

- City-States Develop

· Each city-state had its own , form of government, and

· By the end of the Dark Ages, most city-states were ruled by

· As trade grew a middle class of and grew

· The middle class wanted a say in

· Military strength shifted to the and they overthrew the aristocrats

· Aristocrats were replaced by

- Democracy in Greece

· Eventually tyrants were overthrown and a form of government called was created

· , a wise Athenian leader, canceled all debts and freed citizens who had been enslaved for having debts

· Not everyone benefited from in Athens

· Only about one in five Athenians were considered

· Only who were of Athens could take part in government

Section 2

- The Golden Age of Athens

· Athens grew rich from trade and from mining

· Athenians made important achievements in the , , and

· Democracy reached its high point

· For about 30 years, was the most powerful man in politics

· was a member of an aristocratic family, but he supported

· Pericles introduced reforms that democracy

· He had the city pay a to its officials which allowed citizens to hold office

· One of the greatest accomplishments under the rule of Pericles was the construction of the

- Ancient Greek Religious Beliefs

· Greeks worshiped a family of gods and goddesses called the

· Each god ruled different areas of life and the world

· Greeks tried to avoid the gods

· Greeks worshiped all of their gods, but each honored one of the gods

· Greeks visited to ask the gods to give them advice

· Messages from the gods were often delivered by a or

· Advice was taken very by Greek leaders

- The Search for Knowledge

· Most Greeks believed that their gods were responsible for events

· A few thinkers and thought about new ways to understand the world

· During the Golden Age several important taught in Athens

· Some philosophers/thinkers were accused of the and misleading young people, so they were sentenced to forced suicide

- Visual and Dramatic Arts

· The Parthenon, a temple to the goddess , was the best example of Greek architecture

· Many of the scenes that decorate the Parthenon are full of , show & , and are and

· The sculptures are , or , views of humans and animals

· Athenians were the first people known to write

· Poets wrote that made fun of well-known citizens and politicians and also made jokes about the of the day.

- Many City-States, One People

· Citizens of Greek city-states had strong and valued their

· They took an active role in

· City-states competed against one another but, shared the same

, shared some , and the same gods

People and Gods to Know Ch 6

Homer- a Greek poet who wrote The Iliad and The Odyssey

Solon- an Athenian leader who was well known for his fairness; his laws reformed the economy and the government of Athens; one of his first laws canceled all debts and freed citizens who had been enslaved for having debts

Pericles- an Athenian leader who helped strengthen democracy; also known for ordering the construction of the Parthenon and making Athens a beautiful city

Achilles- a mythical hero whose great deeds are told in The Iliad

Thales- a Greek philosopher who believed that water was the basic material of the world

Democritus- a Greek philosopher who thought that everything was made of tiny particles he called atoms

Socrates- a Greek philosopher who asked questions that made others think about their beliefs; authorities accused him of dishonoring the gods and misleading young people and he was sentenced to death

Plato- the death of Socrates caused him to mistrust democracy; author of The Republic and founder of a school in Athens called the Academy

Aristotle- believed that reason should guide the pursuit of knowledge; he founded his own school called the Lyceum

Zeus- was the king of gods; from Mt. Olympus he ruled the gods and humanity

Athena- was the patron goddess of Athens and the goddess of wisdom and war; the Parthenon was built to honor her

Apollo- God of music and poetry; heads of state often sought advice on governing and wars from his oracle at Delphi

Chapter 7 The Glory of Ancient Greece

Athens: Greek city state

Agora: Ancient Greek public market

Vendor: Seller of goods

Slavery: being owned and forced to work by someone

Sparta: Ancient Greek city state

Helots: slaves owned by the state

Peloponnesian War: conflict between Athens and Sparta

Plague: widespread disease

Blockade: to isolate enemies and cut off their supplies

Barbarian: a wild or uncivilized group member

Assassinate: to murder for political reasons

Alexander the Great: King of Macedonia who conquered Persia and Asia

Hellenistic: Greek history after Alexander the Great

Chapter 8 The Rise of Ancient Rome

republic: government where citizens pick their leaders

patrician: wealthy family member during ancient Roman Republic

plebeian: a citizen of ancient Roman Republic

consul: an elected official during the ancient Roman Republic

veto: power of one branch of government to reject a bill or proposal of another branch

dictator: a person chosen to rule for 6 months during an emergency in ancient Roman republic

province: a unit of an empire

Colosseum: large theater in Rome where contests and combats are held

aqueduct: structure that carries water over long distances

polytheism: belief in more than one god

arch: a support for an open structure; doorway

People To Know