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Fluvisols are very young soils with weak horizon differentiation; predominantly brown (aerated soils) and/or grey (waterlogged soils). They form from river/marine deposits so often in floodplain or deltas. Fluvisols are found worldwide and are often highly fertile, making them suitable for agriculture
Podzol refers to a type of soil with a distinct, bleached, ash-grey layer (E horizon) on top of a darker, humus- and metal-rich accumulation layer (B horizon). These soils form under acidic conditions, often in coniferous forests, due to leaching of minerals and organic matter, leading to poor fertility and difficult cultivation.
A Gleysol is a type of soil that forms under waterlogged conditions for extended periods, leading to a characteristic gleyic color pattern (mottled greyish-blue or greyish-brown) caused by 'reducing' conditions. These hydric soils are common in poorly drained, low-lying areas and are characterized by prolonged saturation. Sticky to work.
Histosols are a type of soil characterised by a high accumulation of organic matter, often found in areas with poor drainage and slow decomposition rates - are the 'peat' soils which make up the moors.
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