9.03.4 Soluble Salts

Syllabus

  • Soluble salts can be made from acids by reacting them with solid insoluble substances, such as metals, metal oxides, hydroxides or Carbonates.

  • The solid is added to the acid until no more reacts and the excess solid is filtered off to produce a solution of the salt.

  • Salt solutions can be crystallised to produce solid salts.

  • Students should be able to describe how to make pure, dry samples of named soluble salts from information provided.

Required practical 1: preparation of a pure, dry soluble salt from an insoluble Oxide or Carbonate using a Bunsen burner to heat dilute acid & a water bath / electric heater to evaporate the solution.

What does this mean?

The problem with making a soluble salt is that it will instantly dissolve in the water that was used to dissolve the acid.

This means your salt solution will not be pure - it will be contaminated with un-reacted acid, or un-reacted base.

But there are ways around this problem.


#1 Using Excess Base or Metal

If we use a metal that reacts with acid but does not react with water (most of them) then the only reaction that will happen is:

Metal + Acid --> Salt + Hydrogen

All we need to do is add enough metal to use up all the acid.

Any un-reacted Metal can be filtered off.

The solution will only contain salt which can be left to crystalise as the water evaporates.

We heat with a water-bath to reduce the temperature the salt is exposed to in case it is destroyed by the heat.

We usually leave some water to evaporate away slowly - it's safer that way


The same method could be used with an insoluble Base such as Copper Oxide.

Base + Acid --> Salt + Water

Or an insoluble Carbonate such as Calcium Carbonate.

Carbonate+ Acid --> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

Why not evaporate away all the water?

Because this is likely to have hot salt crystals flying around the room as in the video clip below!

And because the heat might destroy the salt we want to make.

But we could heat just enough for some crystals to form on the surface of the water.

The solution is now saturated, letting it cool will see crystals form quickly.

If we have to evaporate to dryness then we shouldn't heat the salt directly, we should heat using a water bath - it's less dangerous and less likely to decompose the salt.

VIDEOS

Past Paper Questions

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