SOME TIPS ON HOW TO FIND BIRTH RECORDS FOR CHILDREN POSSIBLY GIVEN UP FOR ADOPTION

AND

BRIEF HISTORY OF SOME WOMEN’S CLINICS, UNWED MOTHER’S HOMES, AND MEDICAL FACILITIES IN CLEVELAND

The information in this section took on great importance as we did genealogy research into a relative of ours who had a child born out of wedlock on September 6, 1898 in Cleveland. Our relative gave her child up for adoption and this section shows what life was like for unwed mothers in the latter part of the 1800’s in Cleveland.  We share this information in the hopes that it might give you some guidance on how to search for your adopted family member, though your situation might not be exactly the same as ours.

 Our first step was to find a birth certificate for the child that was given up for adoption.  This adoption was an open adoption, and our relative continued to see her child during the rest of her life. From his death certificate, we learned that his date of birth was September 6, 1898. We proceeded to the Cuyahoga County Archive and searched birth certificates by name under his birth name and his adopted name and found nothing. The birth certificates are microfilmed in alphabetical order by year, month and day. It was then that we noticed that at the end of each day’s alphabetical listing, there were some strange birth certificates that did NOT give the name of the child, but did give various information.

 The birth record for our relative showed the following:

A male child was born on September 6, 1898. Nativity of mother was Sandusky, Ohio, age 23, address of birth was 29 Guernsey Street. Dr. Fayette J. Morton M.D. , offices at 959 Lorain Ave. (at about W. 47th and Lorain) attended the birth. This was all the information that was given, and there were quite a few other birth certificates that were strange, as this one was.

 We knew that this was the birth record of our relative, because it was the only birth record for a male child on September 6, 1898, and the family that adopted him had relatives who were living on Guernsey Street at the time.

 We wondered about Dr. Fayette Morton who delivered the child. Was he from a hospital or maternity clinic?  We did some more research into these strange birth certificates for other days and studied a three month period. We found that there were quite a few different doctors who attended births of children who had these strange birth certificates. We also found that the address for the place of birth was always the same for each doctor. This indicated that perhaps these doctors were operating a clinic or women’s maternity hospital.

Some of these doctors were:

Dr. John J. Thomas

Dr. Fayette J. Morton

Dr. Loren A. Sadler

Dr. Jessie Boggs

Dr. Wm. H. Weir

SPECIFIC INFORMATION ABOUT THE DOCTORS ON THE ODD BIRTH CERTIFICATES:

Dr. Jessie Boggs, M.D.

Office at 1257 Euclid Avenue

Place of birth for all: 1450 St. Clair  (We now know that this was the address for the Retreat)

Dr. J.J. Thomas MD

Office at 667 Hough Ave.

Place of birth for all:  21 Marion

Dates of birth on strange birth certificates:

(40 total  "strange" birth certificates in a five month period in 1898 - this location was most likely an unwed mother's home as well)

We found the following about Dr. John J. Thomas:

1893 - John J. Thomas was a house doctor at Cleveland City Hospital

1914 - John J. Thomas was the president of the Academy of Medicine

3/12/1932 - J.J. Thomas at a meeting of heads of the Obstetrical Departments of the Cleveland General Hospitals and was representing Woman's Hospital.

2/24/1934 - J.J. Thomas organized the State Obstetrics Society and he was representing Woman's Hospital

1898-99 city directory:

Miss Jessie Boggs, lecturer, College for Women, resides 1257 Euclid

1901-02 city directory:

Dr. Jessie Boggs 1257 Euclid Ave.

(This College for Women was the Western Reserve University College for Women on Bellflower Ave. It looks like she was teaching at the College. In 1898 she is not listed in the section for Practicing Physicians in the back of the city directory.)

At the Cleveland Public Library, some of the newspapers they have on film are the Call & Post, Leader, Cleveland News, Plain Dealer, Press, and Cleveland Gazette. In the Cleveland Gazette from Nov. 19, 1898 - Dec. 28, 1901 was the following:

November 26, 1898

Children Who Need Good Homes

“The Cleveland Protestant Orphans Asylum 1460 St. Clair St. has a little colored girl 2 years old, a little boy 5, a girl 7, a boy 9, and another boy 11, all bright, healthy children for whom we are seeking good homes. Correspondence cordially invited. Mr. A. H. Shunk, Supt.”

 The above ad was quite a regular ad. So, we have Dr. Boggs delivering babies at 1450 St. Clair and this ad for the Asylum at 1460 St. Clair.

We continued our searching to see what we could learn about the various doctors and addresses that they delivered babies at and came across the following book:

"Medicine in Cleveland and Cuyahoga County 1810-1976". The information below came from that book, necrology files, and census records.

We learned that these doctors were all movers and shakers in the women’s maternity movement and birth control movement in Cleveland. We also learned that 29 Guernsey Street, where our relative was born, was actually called the “Berachah Haven” in 1898. This was a home for unwed mothers.

TIMELINE:

1875 The Marine Hospital on Lakeside Rd. (right on the lake) was leased by Lakeside Hospital

1878 - Two women, Merrick and Parsons, founded the Women's & Children's Free Medical & Surgical Dispensary out of a corner office of the Homeopathic Medical College on Prospect.

By 1882 this organization moved to 16 Webster St. (between E. 9th and E. 14th)

By 1894 this same dispensary became Woman's Hospital

8/1/1913 This Woman's Hospital was now located at 3546 Cedar

5/1/1915 This Woman's Hospital moved to 2057 E. 107

1918 to 1946 this Woman's Hospital was located at E. 101

1878 - A young women's volunteer group called Rainbow Circle of Kings' Daughters founded the Rainbow Hospital. In 1900 Rainbow Hospital was moved from Glenville to Mayfield Rd. in South Euclid. It was later moved again to Green Rd. in South Euclid. On October 23, 1971, this Rainbow Hospital that began in 1878 was incorporated into Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital on Adelbert Rd., the current location. Beech Brook, Bellefaire, and Parmadale all started as homes for orphaned children.

1884 - Lakeside Hospital and Western Reserve University of Medicine was located at Lakeside Ave. and E. 12th. They built a new building in 1898. This hospital dealt with syphiliology (study of syphillis) and in 1901 were performing the Wasserman test which was a new test. 60% of the male patients were found to have syphillis.

1889 - Metro Hospital (Cleveland City Hospital) was built next to the City Infirmary. (The infirmary was also used as the House of Correction)

1893 - Dr. John J. Thomas was a house doctor at Cleveland City Hospital

1897-98 Cleveland City Directory: Dr. Fayette J. Morton, 959 Lorain, resides 76 Root (wife is Nellie Peck)

1897-98 Cleveland City Directory: Dr. Loren A. Sadler, 959 Lorain, resides 252 Taylor

9/6/1898 - Strange birth cert. for OUR RELATIVE, Dr. Fayette Morton is the doctor, office 959 Lorain (W. 47th)

1899 City Directory:

Morton, Fayette J., Dr. 959 Lorain, r 76 Root

Sadler, Loren A. Dr. removed to Washington, D.C.

The Doctor's office at 959 Lorain would have been at the intersection of W. 47th and Lorain. Also, Root Street, where Dr. Morton lived, became W. 47th. So, he lived on the same street that his office was located at.

1899 - The Milk Fund Association was formed. The industrial revolution caused infant dispensaries to be formed to distribute milk and give medical advice for economic reasons and to enlarge the future labor force. At the beginning of the century in Cleveland, half of the deaths of infants in the first year were due to dehydration, diarrhea and malnutrition.

1900 There was a tide of immigrants who arrived from Southern and Eastern Europe. Many were attracted to Cleveland by the diverse industries. Poor, uneducated people who suffered stings of prejudice and language differences arrived. Instructions for mothers on how to care for themselves and their babies were written in 5 languages. Satellite clinics brought medical care close to home and also allowed for good follow-up from the Visiting Nurses Association

1900 - Dr. J.J. Thomas’ office was at 667 Hough with 40 strange birth certificate for babies delivered at 21 Marion St.

1900 - Dr. Jessie Boggs had an office at 1257 Euclid with many births taking place at 1450 St. Clair

The 1900 Census for 29 Guernsey Street ED172, Image 27, shows:

Olga Peck-Hamlin, born 2/1850, Michigan, age 50

Lydia Austin, born 5/1879, Michigan, Boarder

Mary Dockstettler, born 10/1842, Ohio, age 57, Boarder

Nellie Buschi, born 8/1877, Ohio, age 20, Boarder

May Adams, born 5/1881, Hungary, age 19, Boarder

(This is the census entry for Berachah Haven at 29 Guernsey)

1900 Cleveland City Directory

Peck, Sarah Olga., Miss, Founder, Berachah Haven, 29 Guernsey St.

I searched city directories to see if this Berachah Haven existed in 1898, when our relative gave birth at 29 Guernsey Street. We found that it DID exist at that time, so our relative did give birth at the Berachah Haven, a home for unwed mothers.

Obituary:

Date: April 20, 1901

Hamlin-Miss Olive Hamlin (Sarah O. Peck), of cancer, at Lakeside hospital, April 18. Funeral at Brockport, N. Y.

Because Sarah O. Peck attended Vassar College, I wrote to them to find more information about her. I learned that according to the 1939 Vassar Alumnae Directory, Sarah O. Peck was a graduate of the class of 1872.Peck was an adopted name; family name of Olive Hamlin resumed 1899. She taught at Sing Sing and then was a "matron" at the Reformatory Home for Young Women from 1884 to 1901, when she died. The Alumnae Biographical Register of 1939 for Vassar College showed the following:

Peck, Sarah O. (Vassar College Class of 1872)

(name by adoption; family name of Olive Hamlin resumed 1899)

Teacher, Sing Sing prison; Matron, Reformatory Home for Young women 1884-1901

Died 1901

1900 US Census Images OH Cleve Cuy ED 154 Ancestry Image #37

Very black image entry at very bottom for 76 Root

Morton, Fayette W M Dec? 18?? 47 M 12? b OH NY MA physician O

1902 – The address of 1460 St. Clair was the Protestant Orphan Asylum at St. Clair and Asylum St.

1904 - The Babies Dispensary and Hospital opened at the Friendly Inn Settlement House in the Haymarket District (Woodland area), in collaboration with the Milk Fund Association and the Visiting Nurses Association

1905 - Ohio Physician and Dentist Directory

Morton F.J., Cleveland, Cuyahoga, Ohio, Physician

School: Long Island Col. Hosp.

Year Graduated: 1881

1907 - Babies Dispensary and Hospital was moved to 2500 E. 35th (Longfellow Ave.) behind St. Ann's Maternity Hospital. Before the original building for the Babies Dispensary and Hospital was built, Dr. Gerstenberger received permission to use 2 or 3 of the large mansions on Euclid Avenue near E. 30th. Outdoor wards were set up in the front yards. Illnesses in infants were caused by milkborne pathogens, so milk was tested at a laboratory in Cleveland. Mothers could purchase milk each day at dispensaries around Cleveland for 10 cents a quart. It was given freely to those that could not afford it.

1910 - There was a maternity hospital on Cedar. One of the doctors described his duties, and one job was bringing formula milk at 6 a.m. every morning from the Telling Belle Vernon Company which was located next door. (Telling was born in South Euclid and his mansion is currently the South Euclid/Lyndhurst Public Library)

1910 Census, Cleveland, Ohio, ED56, Visit 37, Image 4, 7213 Clinton Ave.:

Fayette J Morton, age 56, born Ohio,

Nellie Morton, wife, age 50, born OH

Esther Morton, dau., age 21, born OH

Rilla Peck, mother-in-law, age 78, born OH

1914 - Dr. J.J. Thomas was the president of the Academy of Medicine

1917 - There was a maternity dispensary at the corner of Bridge and Fulton. The following people worked there: a nurse, a secretary, and a social worker. Maternity cases were booked for home delivery most often. However, in 1910 this dispensary had 12 beds and in 1925 they had 160 beds, so hospitalization for child birth was becoming much more common. Most often, women were not hospitalized before 1920 though. In 1930, the stay for a normal delivery in the hospital was 10-15 days. Mother and baby would go home with a nurse housekeeper who stayed for 1-2 weeks. In the 1940's, because of the war, the average stay was just 2-3 days. These dispensaries were set up all over Cleveland, and the women would let the dispensary know when they were due by calling when they went into labor. The dispensary sent someone out to help with delivery at home. That was before 1920.

1920 Census for Cleveland Heights:

John J. Thomas, age 50, born OH, parents born England, Physician specialist

Libbie, Gibbie??, wife, age 46, born France

Allan P., son, age 12, born OH

Sophie Gardner, maid, age 21

1921 MATERNAL HEALTH CLINIC:

"In the spring of 1921 a newspaper article reported that a pregnant woman had deliberately walked off the E. 9th St. pier into the water of Lake Erie and drowned. For years she had been a "repeat" patient at a prenatal clinic where, a week before her suicide, her fears of another pregnancy had been confirmed. She already had a crippled husband and nine children. She had pleaded with the clinic physician to do something.He told her he could do nothing and that at her age she might expect to bear several more children. It was forbidden by law for him to tell her how to avoid contraception. There were volunteers on the staff of that prenatal clinic and two of them, members of the Junior League, finally became outraged. Dorothy Brush (Mrs. Charles F. Brush Jr.) and Hortense Shepard had been haunted by the tragic procession of patients burdened by unwanted pregnancies. It became apparent that formal organization of the proponents of birth control was necessary." Birth control and abortion was classed with obscenity and pornography. Contraception was illegal in the US from 1873 to 1971. Inspired by Margaret Sanger, Dorothy Brush and Hortense Shephard decided to open the city's first birth control clinic. The Brush foundation, concerned with the issues of population growth and population quality, provided a major portion of the association's initial financial support.

2/23/1923 - Dorothy Brush formed the Maternal Health Association. These clinics were mostly birth control clinics.

2/1928 - J.J. Thomas and Wm. H. Weir were members of the medical advisory board that founded the Maternal Health Association.

3/20/1928 - the independent clinic called Maternal Health Association opened at the Osborn Bldg. on Prospect. In 1928 the Brush Foundation was formed. The Maternal Health Assn. and the Brush Foundation formed a partnership in November of 1928 when Dorothy Brush convinced her father-in-law to support this cause. Brush Foundation gave grants to the MHA from 1929-1976. Charles Brush was originally from South Euclid. He had a mansion on Millionaire’s Row and his mansion located next door to the Sylvester Everett Mansion which was located at E. 40th and Euclid. The Brush Foundation was associated with Case Western Reserve University. Records of the Brush Foundation were transferred to the Dental School at CWRU. The Medical Arts Club and the Cleveland Clinical Club were both clubs for doctors. These two met for decades at the University Club at 3818 Euclid Ave. (right near the Brush and Sylvester Everett mansions on Millionaire’s Row. Our relative worked at the Sylvester Everett mansion for a time)

3/12/1932 - J.J. Thomas attended a meeting of the heads of the Obstetrical Departments of the Cleveland General Hospitals and was listed as representing Woman's Hospital.

2/24/1934 - J.J. Thomas organized the State Obstetrics Society and he was representing Woman's Hospital

 VARIOUS HOMES AND MISSIONS FOR UNFORTUNATE INDIVIDUALS IN CLEVELAND:

1882-1883

The Retreat - A Reformatory Home for Unfortunate Girls - 934 St. Clair.

Mrs. J. Hughes, Matron

C.C. Arms, MD, Physician

Committee for the reception of inmates and the adoption of children, meets every Wednesday afternoon at the institution. Visiting day, Wednesday, from 10 to 12 a.m. and 2 to 5 p.m.

Women's Christian Association - 16 Walnut. Embracing the Boarding Home, the Retreat, and the Home for Aged Women.

Miss Sarah E. Fitch, 64 Ontario, President

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1884-1885

The Retreat - A Reformatory Home for Unfortunate Girls - 934 St. Clair

Miss Sarah E. Fitch, Chairman of Committee

Committee for the reception of inmates and the adoption of children, meets every Wednesday afternoon at the institution. Visiting day Wednesday 10 to 12 a.m., 2 to 5 p.m.

Women's Christian Association - No. 16 Walnut. Embracing the Boarding Home, the Retreat, and the Home for Aged Women

Miss Sarah E. Fitch, 64 Ontario, Pres.

Miss S.C. Valentine, Bible Reader

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1886-1887

The Retreat - A Reformatory Home for Unfortunate Girls - 934 St. Clair

Miss Sarah E. Fitch, Chairman of Committee

Miss S.O. PECK, Matron

C.C. Arms, MD Physician

Committee for the reception of inmates and the adoption of children meets every Wednesday afternoon at the institution. Visiting day Wed. 10 to 12 a.m., 2 to 5 p.m.

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1888-1889

Edward H. Peck, bartender, resides 8 Guernsey

Miss Sarah O. PECK, resides 934 St. Clair

The Retreat - A Reformatory for Unfortunate Girls - 934 St. Clair

Miss Sarah E. Fitch, Chairman of Committee

Miss S.O. PECK, Matron

C.C. Arms, MD Physician

Committee for the reception of inmates and the adoption of children meets every Wednesday afternoon at the institution. Visiting day, Wed. 10 to 12 a.m. 2 to 5 p.m.

Women's Christian Association - No. 16 Walnut

Embracing the Boarding Home, the Retreat and the Home for Aged Women

Miss Sarah E. Fitch, 1819 Euclid Ave., Pres.

Miss S.C. Valentine, Bible Reader

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1890-1891

Miss Sarah O. PECK, matron, The Retreat, 934 St. Clair

The Retreat - A Reformatory Home for Unfortunate Girls - 934 St. Clair

Miss Sarah E. Fitch, 833 Logan Ave., Chairman of Committee

Miss S.O. PECK, Matron

C.C. Arms, MD, Physician

Women's Christian Association

Embracing the Boarding Home, the Retreat, the Home for Aged Women, and the Eliza Jennings Home

Miss Sarah E. Fitch, 833 Logan, Ave. Pres.

Miss S.C. Valentine, Bible Reader

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1891-1892

Miss Mary A. Peck, matron - Bible Readers Home, 27 Fowler

Miss Sarah O. PECK, matron - The Retreat, 1450 St. Clair

Women's Christian Association

Embracing the Boarding Home, the Retreat, The Home for Aged Women, The Educational and Industrial Union, and the Eliza Jennings Home.

Miss Sarah E. Fitch, 1905 Euclid Ave., Pres.

Miss S.C. Valentine, Bible Reader

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1892-1893

Miss Mary A. Peck, matron - Training Home for Girls, resides 569 Scovill Ave.

Miss Sarah O. PECK, matron - The Retreat, 1450 St. Clair

The Retreat - A Reformatory Home for Unfortunate Girls - 1450 St. Clair

Miss Sarah E. Fitch, 1905 Euclid Ave., Chairman of Committee

Miss S.O. PECK, matron

C.C. Arms, MD Physician

Women's Christian Association

Embracing the Boarding Home, the Retreat, The Home for Aged Women, the Eliza Jennings Home, the Educational and Industrial Union, and Day Nurseries and Kindergartens.

Miss Sarah E. Fitch, 1905 Euclid Ave., Pres.

Miss S.C. Valentine, Bible Reader

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1893-1894

Edward Peck, bartender, 10 Guernsey

Frank E. Peck, engineer, Insane Asylum

Mrs. F.E. Peck, housekeeper, Insane Asylum

Miss Mary A. Peck, matron - Training Home for Friendless Girls, 569 Scovill Ave.

Miss Sarah O. PECK, Superintendent, The Retreat, 1450 St. Clair

The Retreat - A Reformatory Home for Unfortunate Girls - 1450 St. Clair

Miss S.O. PECK, Superintendent

C.C. Arms, MD, Physician

Women's Christian Association

Embracing The Boarding Home, The Retreat, The Home for Aged Women, The Eliza Jennings Home, the Educational and Industrial Union, and Day Nurseries and Kindergartens.

Miss S.C. Valentine, Bible Reader

(My note, Sarah Fitch, Superintendent/President of The Retreat, died in 1893, so it appears that that is why Sarah O. Peck became Superintendent of the Retreat)

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1894-1895

Edward H. Peck, clerk, 10 Guernsey

Miss Mary A. Peck, matron - The Training Home for Friendless Girls, 569 Scovill

Miss Sarah O. PECK, resides 160 Courtland (This is when Sarah opens Berachah, but it doesn't have a name in the back of the city directory yet)

The Retreat - A Reformatory Home for Unfortunate Girls - 1450 St. Clair

Mrs. James Adams, Supt.

Miss JESSIE BOGGS, Physician - And, the address of those certificates was 1450 St. Clair)

(I include this one because it is right down the street from the Retreat and it shows that the children were born at the Retreat and then sent to the Orphan Asylum for adoption)

The Cleveland Protestant Orphan Asylum - 1460 St. Clair

Training Home for Friendless Girls - 569 Scovill Ave.

Miss M.A. Peck, Matron

Mrs. M. Mondelle, Asst. Matron

Young Women's Christian Association

Embracing the Boarding Home, the Retreat, the Home for Aged Woman and the Eliza Jennings Home, 230 Euclid Ave.

Mrs. Anna E. Hill, Supt.

(note the name is now changed to YWCA and is no longer WCA)

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1895-1896

Miss Mary A. Peck, matron - Training Home for Friendless Girls, 156 Forest

Training Home for Friendless Girls - 156 Forest

Miss Sarah O. PECK, matron, 160 Courtland

Home for Fallen Women - 160 Courtland

The Retreat - 1450 St. Clair

Mrs. H.A. Havey, Chairman of Committee

Mrs. J.C. Covert, Sec.

Miss Mona Kerruish, Treas.

Mrs. James Adams, Supt.

Miss Jessie Boggs, Physician

Miss Ella Hare, housekeeper

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1896-1897

Training Home for Friendless Girls - 156 Forest

Miss Mary A. Peck, matron

Miss Carrie Lamb, assistant

Miss Sarah O. PECK, founder Berachah Haven, 160 Courtland

Berachah Haven (Rescue Home for Women) 160 Courtland

Young Women's Christian Assn

Embracing the Boarding Home, the Retreat, The Home for Aged Women and the Eliza Jennings Home

230 Euclid Ave.

Mrs. Dan P. Eells, Pres.

Mrs. Anna E. Hull, Supt.

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1897-1898

Training Home for Friendless Girls - 156 Forest

Miss Mary A. Peck, matron

Miss Carrie Lamb, asst.

Miss Sarah O. PECK, founder Berachah Haven, resides 29 Guernsey

Berachah Haven (Rescue Home for Women) - 29 Guernsey and 191 Taylor

Miss Sarah O. PECK, founder

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1898-1899

Miss Mary A. Peck, matron - 156 Forest

Miss Sarah O. PECK, founder Berachah Haven, 29 Guernsey

Berachah Haven (Rescue Home for Women)

29 Guernsey and 191 Taylor

Miss Sarah O. PECK, founder

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1899-1900

Training Home for Friendless Girls - 206 Franklin Ave.

Miss Mary A. Peck, Matron

Miss Sarah O. PECK, founder, Berachah Haven, 29 Guernsey

Berachah Haven (Rescue Home for Women - 29 Guernsey and 191 Taylor)

It seems that Sarah Peck struck out on her own after Sarah Fitch died. Perhaps Sarah Peck's philosophies weren't liked by the board members.

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Information on how "The Retreat" and thus "Berachah Haven" were formed:

http://home.cybergrrl.com/dv/ywca/history.html

YWCA Historic "Firsts" & Other Milestones

1858 First women's organization forms: "Ladies' Christian Association": New York City

1859 YWCA name first used: Boston

1860 First boarding house for female students, teachers, and factory workers: New York City

1864 First U.S. day-nursery: Philadelphia

1866 First travelers' aid initiative: Boston

1869 In the face of "unreasonable prejudice and misinterpretation," The Retreat, first unwed mothers' residence: Cleveland

TWO BOOKS ABOUT MATERNITY HOMES IN CLEVELAND:

"And Sin No More: Social Policy and Unwed Mothers in Cleveland, 1855-1990", Marian J. Morton, Ohio University Press, Athens, Ohio.

"Seduced and Abandoned in an American City: Cleveland and Its Fallen Women, 1869-1936", by Marian J. Morton (A book chapter in, "The Other Americans, Sexual Variance in the National Past", edited by Charles Jackson), pp. 139-156. Got on ILL from CSU.

LIST OF OTHER HOSPITALS:

Old Maternity Hospital at Cedar and E. 38

St. Ann's on Woodland and E. 35

St. Luke's at Carnegie and E. 65. Later was moved to Shaker Blvd.

Mt. Sinai on E. 105

Huron Road, at Euclid and E. 89th. Later was moved to E. Cleveland

Osteopathic Hospital, at Euclid and E. 32nd. Later moved to Bay Village

Southwest Hospital, Deaconess and St. John's were also in operation as maternity hospitals.

Fairview Hospital at W. 32nd and Lorain. Later moved to Fairview Park