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Type of forces:
1: Strong nuclear force
2: Weak nuclear
3: Electromagnetic force
4: Gravitational force
Space/universe: -36
Space increases in size by 10(to the power of)26 over a time of 10^
Photon:
The universe became cool enough for electrons, protons and neutrons to form together.
electrons and nuclei form atoms(photons and neutrons)
Birth of stars:
The universe was transparent for light to travel long distances but minimal light sources.
After dark ages:
Classified as Population III stars
Virtually no metals
The lifespan of massive stars:
To immense use more "fuel" so shorter lifespans
Matter:
The birth of stars accelerated after the dark ages.
Galaxy Mergers:
Gravity caused galaxies to merge causing to form more giant galaxies
Birth of planets:
Sun and planets formed together 4.6 billion years ago from a cloud of gas clumping together by nebula gas
Planets:
B4 sun ignited, planetesimals were formed small bits of dust
Cooling down:
A lot of collision as debris crashed into larger objects, causing a lot of heat
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Starting 'new':
Eventually, orbits of larger objects are swept clean of debris.
Moon:
The moon was formed when Thea and the earth collided serval billion years ago.
Initially, it was molten but crystallised within 100 mil years.
Stellar black holes:
Formed by collapsed stars
Stars are at least 20 Solar masses to qualify as one(and a black hole is about five times that weight)
The start of the end (of stars):
Low mass Stars --> Stars with more than 25% solar masses will expand into red giants during fusion.
Intermediate mass stars --> they are heavier but not heavy enough for explosions like our Sun. These type types of stars can fuse helium into heavier elements(Co2 and O2)
White dwarfs --> Extremely dense has a mass of sun but volume of the earth (Low intermediate stars)
High mass stars --> most extreme stars in the Universe are 10 to 70 times heavier than other stars.
Nuclear fusion:
Two different molecules collide with each other with intense forces where they fuse.
Supernovas:
Cores are usually obliterated or turned into other things.
high mass stars have a lot of nuclear energy to counter their gravity, but when to run out of 'fuel', the principal will collapse on itself
One type will have a white dwarf orbiting another star and acclimate enough matter from another star (nuclear runway). The white dwarf will explode.
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Pulsars:
a most common type of neutron star
they emit vital energy at intervals (milliseconds to seconds)
Magnetars:
A type of neutron star
a neutron star is 1 trillion times stronger than the earth, BUT a Magnetor is 10 trillion times stronger
Blackholes:
An event horizon is an area where things get sucked into, and nothing beyond that is known yet.
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Most exciting thing today(9 Mar): Black holes yey
The animation(what I like)
Lesson 2 reflections:
I learned how to debate(a bit).
I can apply this by looking at both sides and improving our debate skills.
I hope this lesson can have more activities and videos and expect to see more hands-on activities.
Exoplanets
Exoplanets refer to planets outside our solar system, and they orbit around their stars and form their solar system. But some also do not include their solar system and are called rogue planets.
Goldilocks zone is an area where it is not too hot or not too cold for liquids(more specifically water) can exist
Kepler-186f was the first rocky planet to be found within the goldilocks zone, and its size is similar to earth's size
51 Pegasi b the giant exoplanet about half the mass of Jupiter and orbits its star every four days
Kepler-444 system oldest known system has terrestrial sized planets all in orbital resonance. This group has shown that other systems existed before ours.
Kepler-22b could be one of the only water worlds planets
t, and it was discovered by accident
Transit is the most common method of identifying exoplanets
How to detect exoplanets
(a concept first) when the object has a centre and the centre is the centre of gravity, and when an object is placed on one side, the centre of gravity is changed
if a star looks wobbling, then something is orbiting it
-->Transit
Transit-timing is a method for detecting exoplanets by observing variations in the timing of a transit.
-->Pulsar timing
by tracking the motion of pulsars, the orbit parameters can be determined
-->Direct imaging
Direct imaging is like our camera but MORE powerful
Its limits are the lack of light, and when a planet blocks light mainly cannot detect
-->Gravitational microlensing
Light can be bent by gravity, and objects act as a lens where gravity from the planet will cause further bending
Limitations it must have a chance alignment to be able to detect and thus not very effective
-->Astrometry
Astrometry includes measuring a sar position accurately and detecting how the situation changes over time.
Reflection
There are a lot of things that are not discovered yet, and there are rogue planets that are very similar to earth
Exterrestial life
Rovers
Rovers have many objectives and helped humans explore different planets and find out about the geo about the planet to help us determine the past they also land by using parachutes, airbags and propellers. They also need a source of energy and they must do it themselves. Last time they used solar panels only. After that they started using nuclear energy. There can be water on Mars also
Reflection
Rovers are very important for space exploration
REFLECTION
ROCKETS VRY HARD TO MAKE AND ALSO IF U WANNA HAVE A GOOD ROCKET MUST HAVE A LOT OF FUEL AND I HOPE HAVE MORE SESSIONS THAT IS RELATED TO SIMULATORS LIKE ROCKETS CONSTRUCTION(sorry for caps accident)
Sattelites
Can be natural like the moon or man made for comms or GPS(commercial) in the past communication is used by antennas.
Reflection
Learnt how to land a plane
Constellations are for navigation as they are always in the same direction (north, south, east, west) and colours also(for some reason)
Reflection:
I learnt about different constellations and asterism.
Also learnt about the no. of stars in a constellation
Gravitational waves
Basically stretching and squeezing of space-time forms a curved space-time
Sound on Mars
around 540 mph compared to earth which is very significant
It is so low because the atmosphere is 100 times less dense than Earth which affects how sound waves travel to Earth.
The frequency is too low to be significant (in terms of loudness)
Plumes
caused by the amount of pressure on Saturn's moon and cause 2500kg of water to be expelled out every day
Reflection
Neutron stars are the cause of stellarams
how the plumes are formed
The lesson was not bad as there were a sufficient amount of videos but the Kahoot could be better like the typo was an issue that caused me to misunderstand.
There were a lot of improvements like the number of the videos presented to us.
How much food do astronauts eat and what do they eat
3 meals a day
salmon and jelly, beef, eggplant caviar and soup(space)
they also mostly eat natural food, cooked food(MREs), Condiments and beverages.
they also use the freezers and heaters to make food.
fish is not allowed and cookies even though they are light compact and nutritious.
Reflection;
Most of it in this link click here
How they eat their food which is a bit military and cheap(to me)
The Martian was a scam because Mark Wateny should be dead
You can actually live on potatoes
Also very unhealthy in the long run
We can improve by doing a kahoot
What is good is that we get to make slides
Reflection
How does lift work and you don't want it for rockets cause it will spin
How does drag or air resistance work
Downloading and playing KSP
How to build the areodynamics
how to measure center of gravity
where to put a pivot for a test rocket when spinning
The lesson could be improved by asking us to download beforehand to save more timetg5
Stellar evolution
All stars go through a life cycle
How long they live depends on their size
Protostars
A type of interstellar cloud
size and density affect the molecular formation, mostly hydrogen
Its molecular formation differentiates it from other interstellar clouds
Protostars can have outbursts aka explosion BOOM!!
A star is made out of hydrogen, helium and heavier elements.
A star has different phases
if a white dwarf star becomes a black star, the whole universe probably will die
reflection
The Kahoot was fun and finally there was no mistakes in the kahoot
White dwarfs are our only hope for life after our Sun dies
Only black holes and the black dwarfs will live after the white dwars die
Stellar evolution reflections
apparently neutron stars and white dwarfs are different
Our Sun is not very big in the universe
the graph in the kahoot only represents the brightness and magnitude of a star
pulsars can travel very far distances
the kahoot was long enough and was fair(sort of)
there could be more activities(hands on)
Relativity
Special and general relativity
curved graphs is faster than a straight line in space
if u want to be young just go to space because of time dilation
Reflection
Space and time are related and have an inverse relationship
the quizzwiz was fun(cause of howardNoob**************** that was me I did once)
space can affect how old u r
SR and GR is made by Albert Einstein
in space, the shortest path is a curved line(that's gay)
what can be improved is not removing Howards(to be serious idk)
Deep sky objects
Things in space(deep in space)
Nebula is basically a cloud of gas (ionised gas) and emit their own light at some wavelengths
Is also a 'birthplace' for stars which are very bright
stars there emit light that is so strong that it causes nebulas to glow
A planetary nebula is formed by a dying star which gives off its dust and later on temporarily radiates which ionises the gas which eventually forms a nebula
spiral galaxies are flat rotating disk of stars which has a giant blackhole in the centre of the galaxy
Reflection
the activity was fun but could have spent more time on it such that more people can present if not some people feel their efforts are wasted
where is that senior that used to be here(exco)[not important]
Deep sky objects is VERY different from stuff deep in space
talk was mostly interesting
thank god there was no kahoot if not the howards will come back
next time there can be more hands on activity
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1KOnfXQG5mrMVnIOtw_ypMGMb1oKYcjXsflOoeIDmexU/edit#slide=id.p
the slides I made
I could use what I learnt to impress my friends who doesn't
Reflection
how to make better contrast( I have to use better colours main ones like white and black)
how to research for information(at light speed)
I feel that this lesson was refreshing cause it is so new
I feel its going to be a bit hard to present in front of my cohort but can be manageable
Reflection
there is lots of opportunity in astro
learnt how to build a planes
Reflection for 22 Mar 2023 lesson
Lesson was simple(good ig)
Could be improved by including more videos from kurzegat
Dont mess up the answer in the kahoot
Refelction on 19 APR
too many kahoot questions that cause me to drop
I leant that general sequence of stars
This is more fun than other sessions
Reflection on 3 March 2023
Should have more videos
This session was more of the history of space rather than learning new concepts about space
I learnt that, apparently ISSR was the first to land on the moon, not Nasa?
I learnt that lots of rocks from the moon was brought back to Earth, and some samples were allowed to be touched??
Reflection
Skyhooks Concept: It is a continuously moving hook to accelerate spacecraft out of earth's orbit for faster transportation
Flaws: Very hard to look out for and hard to catch onto, need to make it continuously move forever (have enough kinetic energy)
2023
Reflection
learnt how to orbit the earth
how to use KSP
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