Silkworm Physiology
Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title : Studies on Silk glands.
Project Period :1963-1964
Objectives :The development of silk glands in male and female larvae (Indigenous Mysore race and 2 exotic races a Japanese and a Chinese race) of several races fed on 3 varieties of mulberry (viz., Local, K2 and Kosen) were studied by taking larvae at random at the end of 5th stage and studying their gland development.
Results/Recommendations :The result indicated that with reference to the silk gland development, almost similar results have been obtained for all 3 varieties of mulberry leaves.
Source of information: Annual Report : 1963-1964
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Effect of nutrients and micronutrients on the health of silkworms with special reference to yellow stained cocoons.
Project Period :1963-1967
Objectives :To study of the effect of frequency of feedings on robustness of larvae of two races of silkworm and to find out the minimum number of feeds required to get a good crop of cocoons in two different seasons and also to study the effect of starvation on Bombyx mori larvae.
Results/Recommendations: The data showed there was no significant differences in any of the methods of feeding (5 times feeding, 4 times feeding, 3 times feeding/day) for any of the characters studied (cocoon yield, single cocoon weight, length of filament and denier). The total amount of leaf fed in each case was the same.
Source of information: Annual Report : 1967-1968
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on diuresis and yellow staining of cocoons: Humidity-temperature complex.
Project Period :1969-1970
Results/Recommendations :
· Fairly high urination was noticed in the hybrid PM x HS6 when the temperature range was 24 to 27°C and humidity ranged from 66 to 92%. At the above temperature range and 92% humidity, heavy urination was recorded during May-June under laboratory conditions.
· Under high humidity condition (above 80%) J122, J112, PM, Kolar gold, Kollegal Jawan, HS6 and C-nichi urinated heavily (visual observation) during June-July 1969 when the temperature ranged between 24 to 26°C.
Source of information: Annual Report :1969-1970
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on diuresis and yellow staining of cocoons: pH (Hydrogen ion concentration) of the urine.
Project Period :1969-1970
Results/Recommendations :The silkworm urine is alkaline in nature pooled samples have shown a pH range of 8.6 to 9.8 (with Toshnival pH meter) and fresh individual silkworm urine samples have shown a pH range of 9.5 to 11.0 (with BDH pH paper or BDH universal indicator).
Source of information: Annual Report :1969-1970
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on diuresis and yellow staining of cocoons: Urination studies with salt solution.
Project Period :1969-1970
Objectives :To study the effects of Sodium chloride.
Results/Recommendations :It indicated that the filament length of cocoon was also not affected by immersion of the larvae for the few seconds in 2% NaCl solution compared to immersion in tap water.
Source of information: Annual Report :1969-1970
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on the silkworm urine.
Project Period :1970-1971
Objectives :To analyze the properties of urine.
Results/Recommendations :
· The metal ions were determined by flame photometric methods.
· Potassium ion alone was present to the extent of 0.6-0.7% out of a total solid content of 1.8% of the urine. Together with its anion (Carbonate and Bicarbonate it may constitute more than 50% of the total solids in the urine.
· Urine was tested with Biuret reagent and there was no detectable amount of protein.
· Microkjeldahl determination also showed negligible amounts of nitrogen.
Source of information: Annual Report : 1970-1971
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on the Sericin and Fibroin content of the cocoons and in different layers of the cocoons.
Project Period :1970-71
Objectives :To estimate the sericin and fibroin contents in the different parts of the cocoons.
Results/Recommendations :
· Among the races of silkworm cocoons studied the Pure Mysore shells have the highest sericin content with 34.1% and C-nichi has lowest. Although Nistari is a coloured race the shell sericin content is similar to that of the white races, C-nichi and HS6. The hybrid of Pure Mysore and HS6 which has an yellow shade of colour light than the Pure Mysore showed a sericin content intermediate to that of the Pure Mysore and HS6 but was higher than Nistari.
· Between the different fractions of the shell the sericin always decreased from outer to the inner. The difference in sericin content between the middle and the inner layer was not as large as that between the outer and the middle.
· The fibroin content of C-nichi is higher with 74.54%. The same is lowest in Mysore with 65.9%.The flossy shells Pure Mysore, Nistari and PM x HS6 record a low percentage of fibroin in the outer fraction unlike the less flossy HS6 and C-nichi.
Source of information: Annual Report :1970-1971
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on yellow stained cocoon problem:Position of the mountage, population density and the extent of formation of yellow stained cocoons.
Project Period :1970-1971
Objectives :To study the influence of the population density of larvae and position of mountages on the incidence of yellow stained cocoons and to find out a suitable position of mountage and density of population which can reduce the incidence of yellow stained cocoons.
Results/Recommendations :
· When the population density was 450 larvae/mountage, position rotational and vertical gave higher percentage and slanting position gave slightly lower percentage of stained cocoons.
· When the population density was 400 larvae the percentage of stained cocoons obtained ranged from 2.38 in slanting position to 3.38 in vertical position.
Source of information: Annual Report : 1970-1971
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on yellow stained cocoon problem:Effect of alkali solution.
Project Period :1970-1971
Objectives :To study the effect of pure alkaline solution on the cocoons to test whether a pure alkaline solution could cause a similar stain on the cocoons and filament breaks and droppings while reeling as caused by the silkworm urine.
Results/Recommendations :The alkali solution treatment of cocoons generally increased the number of breaks per cocoon in case of single cocoon reeling.
Source of information: Annual Report :1970-1971
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on yellow stained cocoon problem:Effect of individual alkali solutions and certain combinations.
Project Period :1970-1971
Objectives :To study the effect of individual alkali solutions and certain chemical combinations on the cocoons and also to test the alkaline pH effect rather than the strength of the solution.
Results/Recommendations :The alkali solution treatment of cocoons generally increased the number of breaks per cocoon in case of single cocoon reeling.
Source of information: Annual Report :1970-1971
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on Semi-synthetic diet for silkworms.
Project Period :1970-1971
Objectives :To evolve a suitable semi-synthetic diet for the mulberry silkworms under our conditions in order to conserve time and labour.
Results/Recommendations :In case of diets 'A' & 'B' all the larvae died within 5 days. Diet 'C' gave a better survival rate. 48 larvae were alive for 5 days out of the 100 larvae fed with diet 'C'. 40 were alive for 10 days and 8 larvae were alive for 20 days when fed with diet 'C'. However all of them died within 21 days. Even the larvae which survived for 20 days did not moult.
Source of information: Annual Report :1970-1971
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on better utilization of over mature (coarse) leaves by protease treatment.
Project Period :1970-1971
Objectives :To utilize the over mature (coarse) leaves for feeding by treating them with protease enzyme in order to test whether the coarse leaves becomes more palatable and could yield better economic characters.
Results/Recommendations :Protease treatment gave the best performance and coarse leaf control gave the poorest performance of all the treatments as regards most of the economic characters. There were not many differences between water control and buffer control as regards larval weight and single shell weight. Both the trials indicated that spinning was about a day earlier in protease treatment when compared to coarse leaf control.
Source of information: Annual Report :1970-1971
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on Artificial diet for silkworms.
Personnel :Kumararaj S, Vijayaraghavan K, Verma RS
Project Period :1972-1982
Objectives :To evolve a suitable artificial diet for the mulberry silkworm under tropical conditions in order to understand the nutritional preferences of silkworms in relation to its growth and reproduction.
Results/Recommendations :
· The larval mortality is very high when fed with artificial diet. It is around 54.1% in I instar, 69.7% in the I & II instar together and 86.8% in the early three stages together. The loss in the control fed with mulberry leaf is less than 10-12% for the early three stages.
· The survival rate recorded continued low in all batches fed with artificial diet, even when it was changed to normal feeding of mulberry leaf.
· The larval period was prolonged with the artificial feed. Difference of 3-10 days were observed, compared to control.
· The larvae did not attain full growth, as is indicated by larval weight, in batches fed with artificial diet. The difference ranged from 0.2 to 1.4 g/larva depending on the extent of rearing with artificial feed.
· The quantitative characters were also influenced by the artificial feed, cocoon and shell wt. decreased corresponding to the different stages fed with artificial diet.
· Multivoltine hybrid thrived better than bivoltine hybrid with the artificial feeds.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1973-81
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on feeding trials from leaves obtained from weedicide treated plots.
Personnel :Kumararaj S, Vijayaraghavan K, Verma RS
Project Period :1973-1974
Objectives :To study the effects of feeding leaves from weedicide applied plots on silkworms.
Results/Recommendations :There is no deleterious effect on using the leaf from weedicide treated plots after the safety period namely 2 months, after spraying the weedicides.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1973-74
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on urination (yellow stained cocoons)-Comparative study on diuresis in multivoltine and bivoltine races of silkworms.
Personnel : Subba Rao G, Raghuraman R
Project Period :1974-1976
Objectives :To determine the percentage of yellow stained cocoon occur in all races tested at room and high humidities.
Results/Recommendations : Six races viz., KA, NN6D, PM, HM1, HM2 and HM3 were subjected to urination studies. Among these, PM has given the highest percentage of urinated cocoons. Bivoltines viz., KA, NN6D have shown the lower incidence of urination.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1975-76
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on pupal mortality (melting) in silkworm-Studies on the quality of leaf Vs melting.
Personnel :Subba Rao G, Raghavendra M
Project Period :1974-1975
Objectives :To find out a correlation between the quality of leaf and melting.
Results/Recommendations :The 2 significant observation of this expt. are
· Feeding tender leaves to silkworms at later age is not hazardous to crops.
· Though variation in incidence of melting is obvious in the three feeding treatment the causative factor for melting seems to be also influenced by the quality of leaf.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1974-75
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on pupal mortality (melting) in silkworm-Impact of leaves with terminal bud intact on melting.
Personnel : Subba Rao G, Raghavendra M
Project Period :1974-1975
Objectives : There is a popular opinion among rearers, that without plucking the terminal bud, if small shoot with leaves are fed to silkworms melted pupae would result. To test the same, rearings were conducted.
Results/Recommendations :High melting incidence is recorded from the experimental batches i.e. batches reared on leaves from branches having the terminal bud in both KA & NN6D races than control.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1974-75
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on pupal mortality (melting) in silkworm-Time of hatching Vs melting.
Personnel :Subba Rao G, Raghavendra M
Project Period :1974-1977
Objectives :To find out the behaviour of silkworms hatched on different days of egg laying with regard to their health and melting.
Results/Recommendations :The results indicate better value for almost all characters in respect of early hatchers. Melting also comparatively less in this batch.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1977-78
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on Pupal mortality (melting) in silkworm-Cocoon preservation in grainages by cut open method.
Personnel : Subba Rao G, Raghavendra M
Project Period :1974-1976
Objectives :To note the effect of cutting open ends of the cocoons facilitating proper aeration on the incidence of melting and moth emergence.
Results/Recommendations :Cutting the cocoons at one end and reversing pupal position again has given less percentage of moth emergence. Cutting the cocoons at one end and both ends have given much better result than control batches. Cutting the cocoons at both ends irrespective of pupal position has given better results than cutting cocoon at one end.
Changing the pupal position appears to have some adverse effect on emergence.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1975-76
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional Experiments-Fortification of mulberry leaves with Histamine.
Personnel : Subba Rao G, Raghuraman R, Raghavendra M
Project Period :1974-1976
Objectives :To find out histamines gastric stimulation effect on silkworm because it is a good general gastric stimulant.
Results/Recommendations :There is no significant difference between control and other treatments with histamine in respect of cocoon characters and survival rate. The melting percent has also not been significantly different between the treatments.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1975-76
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title : Effect of antibiotics Streptopenicillin and Streptomycin.
Personnel :Subba Rao G, Raghuraman R, Raghavendra M
Project Period :1974-1977
Objectives :To study the effect of feeding the silkworm larvae with antibiotics.
Results/Recommendations :There is no further improvement in any of the characters taken into consideration in either of the two races chosen compared to controls. This seems to be no effect on melting also. Both the races have behaved uniformly. However, it is clear that antibiotics even at the higher concentration does not seem to have any adverse effect on the health of silkworm.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1976-77
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Protein utilization studies in silkworm Bombyx mori L.
Personnel :Narasimhanna MN, Basavanna HM, Srinivasan EB
Project Period :1974-1975
Objectives :To study the protein utilization in the silk gland of silkworm Bombyx mori L in three races-2 pure and one hybrid race- and to study the various physiological and biochemical factors.
Results/Recommendations :The protein content of the silk gland from silkworm Bombyx mori L. ranges from 19.18% to 21.61%(average) among the three races PM, KA and PM x KA.
· The increase of protein content of silk gland after 4th moult ranges from 13.4% to 148% among the three races.
· The protein content of mulberry leaf fed in the experiment is 19.4% (average)
· The total nitrogen content of excreta of silkworm after 4th moult varies from 1.7 to 2.7%.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1974-75
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on melting (pupal mortality) in silkworms-Effect of feeding silkworms with mulberry leaves from topped plants on their behaviour (with particular reference to melting).
Personnel : Singh K, Raghuraman R
Project Period :1975-1977
Objectives :To study the effect of topping the mulberry plants which brings about uniform maturity and quality of the leaves, on the health of silkworm and pupal mortality.
Results/Recommendations : There is no significant difference between the treatments for almost any character taken into consideration, including the melting. Performance of T0 (plants with intact terminal buds) has been better during certain seasons in respect of larval and cocoon characters as also melting.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1975-77
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on melting (pupal mortality) in silkworms-Effect of feeding silkworms with mulberry leaves from plants grown under shade and leaves from plants grown on open grounds on their behaviour.
Personnel : Singh K, Raghuraman R
Project Period :1975-1976
Objectives :To study whether feeding of mulberry leaves from plants grown under shade trees has any adverse effect on the health of silkworms.
Results/Recommendations :The feeding of leaves from plants under shade adversely affected the cocoon characters and there was a significant increase in the melting as against for those fed with leaves from plants grown on open ground.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1975-76
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on melting (pupal mortality) in silkworms-Effect of feeding silkworms with different newly evolved strains of mulberry on cocoon characters.
Personnel :Singh K, Raghuraman R, Sastry CR
Project Period :1975-1977
Objectives :To study the nutritional values of different mulberry strains newly evolved in the Institute.
Results/Recommendations :Among 13 strains of mulberry, S30 strain has proved superior in respect of larval duration, larval weight, yield, cocoon weight and shell weight to other selections and control, while AB x Phl. P7 has given better values for most of the above characters compared to other hybrids.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1976-77
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Effect of feeding silkworms with five selected newly evolved strains of mulberry on larval health and cocoon characters (Coordination experiment with plant breeding and genetics section).
Personnel :Singh K, Raghuraman R, Sastry CR
Project Period :1975-1977
Objectives :To study the palatability and nutritional values of few selected strains of mulberry newly evolved by plant breeding and genetics section.
Results/Recommendations :S30 strain has proved superior in respect of larval duration, larval weight, yield, cocoon weight and shell weight to other selections and control, while AB x Phil.P7 has given better values for most of the character compared to other hybrids.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1975-77
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Project No :CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Improvement of leaf succulency during dry seasons.
Personnel : Narasimhanna MN, Iyengar MNS, Geethadevi RG
Project Period :1975-1976
Objectives :To investigate whether the quick drying could be overcome by feeding leaves made wet with water and its effects on the larval and cocoon characters.
Results/Recommendations :During the season when atmosphere is dry, feeding the leaf after getting has a significant beneficial effect. It holds promise of improving the quality of leaves particularly from rainfed areas which are very dry due to low soil moisture and which when fed become further dessicated due to low humidity in rearing atmosphere.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1975-76
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on melting in silkworms-Effect of feeding chloramphenicol sprayed leaves to silkworm on pupal mortality and general health.
Personnel :Singh K, Raghuraman R
Project Period :1976-1979
Objectives :To study the effect of chloramphenicol on larval health and pupal mortality.
Results/Recommendations :Chloramphenicol spray at concentrations of 0.06 and 0.08% was found to be effective in promoting growth and improving economic characters.
Source of Information :Annual Report : 1976-79
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on melting of silkworms - Different days of hatching Vs melting.
Personnel :Singh K, Raghuraman R
Project Period :1976-1977
Objectives :To find out the behaviour of silkworms hatched on different days of egg laying with regard to their health and melting.
Results/Recommendations :The results indicate better value for almost all characters in respect of early hatchers. Melting is also comparatively less in this batch.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1976-77
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on the optimum limit of consignment of newly hatched larvae at low temperature.
Project Period :1976-1977
Objectives :To find out the time limit for which the newly hatched larvae could be consigned if they are given few feedings before consignment.
Results/Recommendations :Few feedings before consignment enormously enhances the chance of prolonged consignment of newly hatched larvae without much of apparent adverse effect on their health. There seems to be no effect of refrigeration on ERR. However, clear decline in yield sets in after consignment limits indicated above in both the cases. Other larval and cocoon characters remain more or less the same.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1976-77
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on improvement of rearing silkworm with special reference to mode of feeding, preservation of leaf quality and feeding regimes.
Personnel : Krishnaswami S, Singh K, Raghuraman R
Project Period :1976-1978
Objectives :To find out the suitability of entire leaf method of silkworm rearing, in comparison with chopped leaf method in context of Indian climatic conditions.
Results/Recommendations :Best results have been obtained from the treatment chopped/4 feedings/preserved in respect of larval weight, yield, cocoon weight, shell weight and shell percentage followed by chopped fresh/4 feedings batches. Chopped leaf treatments in all their combinations have given better values compared to entire leaf batches.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1977-78
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on the effect of incubation of silkworm eggs on hatching and cocoon crops.
Personnel : Krishnaswami S, Singh K, Raghuraman R
Project Period :1976-1978
Objectives :To study the effect of incubating silkworm, eggs at different humidity and temperature combinations on hatching, general health of silkworm and melting.
Results/Recommendations :Hatching is very erratic and irregular necessitating a second brushing in case where incubation was done at room temperature and humidity. Incubation at 25-26°C and 80-85% RH has given most consistent crop and better values for all the characters taken into consideration. Faculty incubation appears to account for 15-20% crop loss.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1976-78
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on the growth and health of silkworm in relation to cocoon crop and yield - Effect of spacing and quantity of leaf fed on general health of silkworm and occurrence of diseases.
Personnel :Krishnaswami S, Singh K, Raghuraman R, Geethadevi RG
Project Period :1977-1979
Objectives :To find out the effect of differential humidity build up in the rearing beds as a result of spacing and feeding on the occurrence of diseases and cocoon crop.
Results/Recommendations :The overcrowded batches proved to be very poor in both cocoon yield and cocoon quality. The harmful effect was obvious in the early stages and indicated by the heavy loss till 2nd stage. The loss was 21.4% compared to 13.69 in the other two treatments (over spacing and normal spacing). In terms of the economic characters the overcrowded batch was inferior to the normal and over spaced batches. The leaf cocoon ratio was also higher compared to the other two treatments.
Source of Information : Annual Report :1978-79
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Project No.:CSM
Organization : Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on the growth and health of silkworm in relation to cocoon crop and yield-Studies on the effect of humidity during different stages on their health and occurrence of diseases under constant temperature.
Personnel :Krishnaswami S, Singh K, Raghuraman R, Geethadevi RG
Project Period :1977-1979
Objectives :To study the effect of humidity in the rearing beds of different larval stages on their growth and occurrence of diseases under constant temperatures.
Results/Recommendations :High humidity in early stage and low humidity in late stage gave good results. It has been recorded that retardation in growth sets in as soon as the humidity is reduced.
Source of Information :Annual Report : 1978-81
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on the growth and health of silkworm in relation to cocoon crop and yield-Comparative rearing behaviour of silkworm larvae from hot acid, cold acid treatments and hibernating batches.
Personnel :Krishnaswami S, Singh K, Raghuraman R, Geethadevi RG
Project Period :1977-1981
Objectives :To study the rearing behaviour of silkworm larvae from hot acid, cold acid treatment and natural hibernated batches.
Results/Recommendations :The result indicate that the hibernated stock is on par with the acid treated stock with regard to hatching and better in terms of ERR and economic characters.
Source of Information :Annual Report : 1977-78
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on the growth and health of silkworm in relation to cocoon crop and yield-Studies on the effect of different temperature and humidity combinations on silkworm eggs during different phases of embryonic development.
Personnel : Krishnaswami S, Singh K, Raghuraman R, Geethadevi RG
Project Period :1977-1978
Objectives :To find out the most vulnerable stages of embryonic development of silkworm dessication.
Results/Recommendations :Dessication adversely affect the hatching dessication coupled with high temperature is more injurious. Incubation at 75-80% RH gives better hatching at high temperature than lower. Low humidity at later stages of embryonic development is more harmful than at early stages.
Source of Information :Annual Report : 1977-78
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on the growth and health of silkworm in relation to cocoon crop and yield-Studies on the relation between pupal weight and fecundity.
Personnel : Krishnaswami S, Singh K, Raghuraman R, Geethadevi RG
Project Period :1977-1978
Objectives :To find out whether there is any correlation between the pupal weight and fecundity.
Results/Recommendations :The loss of weight from 5th/6th day of spinning until emergence was between the range of 31-35% for all the weight groups irrespective of initial body weight and fecundity seems to be closely linked with initial body weight.
Source of Information : Annual Report : 1977-78
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on the growth and health of silkworm in relation to cocoon crop and yield-Loss of pupal body weight on different days of pupation until emergence.
Personnel : Krishnaswami S, Singh K, Raghuraman R, Geethadevi RG
Project Period :1977-1978
Objectives :To find out the loss of weight in male and female pupae from the day of pupation until emergence, percentage of loss on subsequent days, total loss and peak loss period etc.
Results/Recommendations :Loss of pupal body weight is considerably more in respect of male (50-55%) compared to female (28-38%). Loss of body weight from pupation till emergence in case of male is from 19-22% as against 10-16% in females. Loss at the time of emergence is 9-15% in male and 19-26% in female. Maximum loss of weight is between 4th and 8th day of pupation (8-12 days after spinning). There is slight loss just before emergence and just after pupation.
Source of Information :Annual Report : 1977-78
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Growth studies in silkworms in relation to cocoon crop and yield-Effect of higher humidity in rearing bed during early stages (1st to 2nd age).
Personnel : Krishnaswami S, Singh K, Raghuraman R
Project Period :1977-1979
Objectives :To study the effect of humidity above 75% in the rearing bed of young age worms.
Results/Recommendations : Irrespective of the season 90% relative humidity during the early stages of rearing (1st and 2nd age) was found good. 100% relative humidity was found to cause more loss even in the young age, except summer season. Low ERR has characteristic of this treatment in rainy and winter seasons. Thrust on higher humidity during early stages of rearing in summer season is of importance.
Source of Information :Annual Report : 1979-80
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Growth studies in silkworms in relation to cocoon crop and yield-Effect of leaf quality on the economic characters in silkworm.
Personnel :Krishnaswami S, Singh K, Raghuraman R
Project Period :1978-1980
Objectives :To study the relationship between leaf quality and economic characters in silkworm.
Results/Recommendations :The study indicates that advancement in leaf maturity will be of advantage in rainy season and the same should be avoided in summer.
Source of Information :Annual Report : 1979-80
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional studies of silkworm.
Project Period :1978-1980
Results/Recommendations :The study indicated that MR2 variety gave better growth and quantitative character followed by K2 in all the breeds tested.
Source of Information :Annual Report : 1978-80
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Growth studies in silkworm in relation to cocoon crop-Relationship between leaf maturity and growth rate in different instars in silkworm.
Project Period :1979-1980
Results/Recommendations :Silkworm growth and quality of the feed as influenced by maturity were correlated. The relationship was true from the very early stage. The growth attained in each stage was decisive of the final growth and cocoon characters.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1979 -80
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Growth studies in silkworm in relation to cocoon crop-Studies on the larval behaviour and cocoon characters in relation to different level of feeding in silkworm.
Project Period :1979-1985
Objectives :To study the rate of growth and other economic characters in silkworm in relation to different feeding levels.
Results/Recommendations :The study revealed that an increase in quantum of leaf to the tune of 1400 kg per 40,000 larvae has improved the economic characters of the new breeds and reduction in the quantum below the above said level has reduced all the economic characters. Hence 1300-1400 kg of leaf is recommended for 40,000 larvae of new bivoltine breeds.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1984-85
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on the effect of under feeding in silkworms-Studies on the effect of under feeding in silkworm-Evaluation of two methods of underfeeding.
Personnel :Krishnaswami S, Benchamin KV, Geethadevi RG
Project Period :1979-1980
Results/Recommendations :The effects of underfeeding/starvation were clear in both the methods resulting in prolonged larval duration, reduced growth, heavy mortality and poor cocoon characters. The treatments affected bivoltine races more than the multivoltine race. Reduced number of feeds/day was more effective method of underfeeding than reduced quantity/feed.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1979 -80
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on the effect of under feeding in silkworms-Studies on the effect of underfeeding in silkworm-Pedigree effect and recovery capacity.
Personnel : Krishnaswami S, Benchamin KV, Geethadevi RG
Project Period :1979-1980
Results/Recommendations : At 75% level as the differences due to the treatment itself were not very significant, the batches could recover fully from the stress due to under feeding in one generation of normal feeding. The batches that were underfed at 50% level took two generations of normal feed and batches that were underfeed two and three generations respectively took three generations of normal feed to recover fully from the stress of underfeeding.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1979 -80
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on the effect of juvenile hormone application to silkworm-Studies on the effect of Juvenile Hormone analogue ZR-512 in silkworm.
Personnel :Krishnaswami S, Benchamin KV, Geethadevi RG
Project Period :1979-1980
Objectives :To study the effect of JH in relation to growth, viability and silk yield.
Results/Recommendations :Prolongation of the larval duration after the treatment and increase in larval growth were observed in all the races and hybrids. The response in hybrids was better than in the pure races. ERR in general was low in treated batches, although not very significant except in A4e. There was improvement in cocoon and shell weight due to treatment. Very good response was seen in absolute silk content of hybrids.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1979 -80
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on ingestion, digestion and conversion efficiency in multivoltine and bivoltine breeds of silkworm.
Personnel :Jolly MS, Benchamin KV, Nagaraj CS
Project Period :1980-1981
Objectives :To study the ratio of ingestion, digestion and conversion.
Results/Recommendations : Evaluation on growth progress of MV (PM) and BV (NB18) as assessed through the feeding habit of the silkworm. Though there was difference in the ingestion rate in the two breeds, the indigestibility was more or less same (37.6% in NB18 and 39.4% in PM), whereas the conversion ratio in terms of body weight found to be 24.2% in bivoltines and 30.3% in multivoltines.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1980-81
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Growth studies-Studies on the weight relationship among various growth parameters in silkworm.
Personnel :Jolly MS, Benchamin KV, Ratnasen
Project Period :1981-1983
Objectives :To study the growth rate and economic characters of silkworm under different rearing conditions.
Results/Recommendations :Body weight as silk gland were highest NB18 x NB7 (41%) followed by KA (35.8%) NB7 (36%), NB18 (38.8%), HM (34.4%), PM x NB18 (31%) and PM (30.2%). Body weight Vs cocoon weight is approximately 50% of the body weight and body weight Vs egg mass is highest in multivoltines (PM-11.7% & HM-10.2%) followed by bivoltines (NB7-8.9% & KA-8.1%).
Source of Information :Annual Report :1981-82, 1982-83
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional study-Studies on the ingestion and digestion rate in silkworm influenced by photoperiod.
Project Period :1981-1982
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Effect of five divisions of photoperiod (LD 24:0; LD 8:16; LD 12:12, LD 16:8 and LD 0:24) on ingestion and digestion of the silkworm showed that photoperiod effected during early instars with LD 0:24, LD 8:16 for 3rd stage and LD 24:0 for later stages are ideal for increased feeding efficiency and growth.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional study-Silkworm rearing with artificial diet.
Project Period :1981-1982
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Experimental feeding trails conducted with artificial diet on the growth and cocoon characters of PM x NB18 and NB18 x NB7 when artificial diet was fed upto 3rd stage, it was noted that larval duration prolonged by 3 days 10 hours. Larval health and cocoon characters were very low. Multivoltine behaved better than the bivoltine on artificial diet feeding.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Hormonal studies in silkworm-Study on the effect of juvenile hormone 'Manta' in silkworm for improvement of silk yield.
Personnel : Thyagaraja BS, Benchamin KV, Biram Saheb NM
Project Period :1982-1987
Objectives :To further increase the cocoon yield and silk output, based on suitable combination of different factors like dosage, time of application, frequency of application etc., so that the technique may prove commercially viable and more economical.
Resul1ts/Recommendations :The results indicated an increase of 11% in yield/100 dfls, 2.5% in cocoon weight and 12.6% in return/100 dfls in NB18 x NB7 hybrids as compared to control. In PM x NB18 increases of 10.1% in yield/100 dfls, 2.5% in cocoon weight and 15.5% in return/100 dfls were observed over control.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1986-87
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Hormonal studies in silkworm-Effect of thyroxine on economic characters in silkworm Bombyx mori L.
Personnel :Thyagaraja BS, Benchamin KV, Biram Saheb NM, Ratna Sen, Vinod Kumar
Project Period :1982-1988
Objectives :To study the effect of thyroxine as a calorigenic and growth promoting agent.
Results/Recommendations :The results indicated that spray of thyroxine on 3rd and 5th instar larvae is most effective, the ERR and cocoon yield was increased by 5.5% and 8.8% respectively in PM x NB18 and 10.6 and 14.4% respectively in NB18 x NB7.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1982-88
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional studies-Screening of mulberry varieties for young age silkworm rearing.
Personnel :Ratna Sen, Vinod Kumar, Murthy CVN
Project Period :1982-1983
Objectives : To screen different promising mulberry varieties.
Results/Recommendations :Out of 14 varieties utilized for the feeding trials moisture level was higher in S54 (78%) and Ber-91 (73%). Minimum loss of larvae under 3rd age was obtained from EB x Kosen variety, and the best growth index obtained during young age was from S54 (PM x NB18) and Ber-91 (NB7 x NB18). Final yield was better under Ber-1 for PM x NB18 and Ber-763 for NB7 x NB18.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1982-83
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional studies-Screening of mulberry varieties for young age rearing by moulting test.
Personnel :Ratna Sen, Vinod Kumar, Murthy CVN
Project Period :1982-1983
Objectives :To screen different mulberry varieties to assess suitability for young age rearing.
Results/Recommendations :
· Maximum moisture content in chawki leaf was recorded in Kosen (77.34%) followed by Ber C799 (773). Out of 25 varieties except S1 the moisture content was above 70% level.
· The 1st moult test indicated Acc.No.116, S41, S36 and K2 and the 2nd moult test indicated K2, Acc.152, MR1, S54, Acc.114, Acc.108, S36, Jatinuni, Ber-C763 and S41 as best varieties with more than 90% moulting ability.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1982-83
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional study-Effect of feeding with secondary shootlets during younger ages of silkworm.
Personnel :
Project Period :1982-1983
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Utility of secondary shootlets for young age feeding was assessed with 13 varieties and overall feeding results indicated that moisture level was always higher in secondary shootlets (75-83%) and survival rate was better with K2, Ber C799, OPH and Local varieties whereas, ERR in terms of bivoltines were better with OPH (NB7 x NB18) and higher in Ber S799 for multivoltine (PM x NB18).
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional study-Effect of different system of pruning and harvesting of leaf on the cocoon crop.
Personnel :
Project Period :1982-1985
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Bottom pruning followed by leaf harvesting was ideal for both bivoltine and multivoltines. Results of bivoltine was higher under pruning at 30 cm and shoot harvest of 10 cm length and step down shoot harvest. Data rearing with multi and bivoltine hybrids indicated that bottom pruning followed by individual leaf harvest is ideal for both multi and bivoltine. However, bottom pruning with step down shoot harvesting increased the cocoon yield upto 21% and absolute silk content by 13% against the control.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Hormonal studies-Studies on the effect of juvenile hormone on the silkworm growth and cocoon quality.
Personnel :
Project Period :1983-1985
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Application of 2.5 ppm juvenile hormone analogue ‘Manta’ during 60-70 hours of 5th instar improved cocoon yield by 25.11%. Shell weight by 21.93% and absolute silk content by 29.12% over the control though there was an increase of 3.7% in larval duration. With Manta treatment, an additional 8 kg/100 dfls bivoltine cocoons were harvested. Results indicated that juvenile hormone analogue was more effective in bi x bi (NB18 x NB7) in improving the economic traits than in multi x bi (PM x NB18) and (HM x NB18).
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on the digestibility and utilization of N2 and various carbohydrate of leaf during the developmental stages of silkworm.
Personnel :Venugopala Pillai S, Ratna Sen, Vinod Kumar
Project Period :1984-1985
Objectives :Assessment on the utilization and requirement of various nutrients of the leaf for the growth and development of silkworm and to evaluate the feed value of the mulberry raised under different conditions.
Results/Recommendations :Silkworm races KA, NB7, NB18 and NBD2 fed with three varieties of mulberry (local, Kanva-2 and S54) revealed that consumption rate was much higher with S54 variety and lowest with local variety. Digestibility of silkworm fed with S54, K2 and Local was 38.46, 44.48 and 46.47% during the 5th instar.
Among the 12 treatments, utilization of total carbohydrates varied from 105.47 gm (K2 x NB18) to 173.54 gm (S54 x NB18) and from 111.82 gm (K2 x NB18) to 192.16 gm (S54 x NB18).
Source of Information :Annual Report :1984-85
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Hormonal and enzyme studies-Effect of phytohormone on the growth and cocoon characters of silkworm.
Personnel :
Project Period :1984-1985
Objectives :Assessment on the utility of phytohormones in improving the overall cocoon and silk output.
Results/Recommendations :Improvement in cocoon shell weight by 7% was observed in NB18 treated with the leaf extract of Cassia tora.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1984-85
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional and Developmental studies-Biochemical evaluation of leaf quality of Kanva-2 mulberry variety under two systems of pruning.
Personnel :Benchamin KV, Ratna Sen, Vinod Kumar
Project Period :1985-1987
Objectives :To compare the nutritive quality of mulberry in two systems of pruning viz., basal pruning (ground level) and middle pruning (30 cm heights).
Results/Recommendations :The result indicate that in middle pruned system the soluble sugar was increased by 7.1% with a decrease of 7.96% of total protein than bottom pruned leaf. No appreciable difference in leaf quality of two systems of pruning with regard to moisture, chlorophyll starch and crude fat has been observed.
· No difference in the moisture % and crude fat, prolamine and glutamine contents in the leaf of bottom pruned content and middle pruned system.
· The total protein content in the middle pruned of coarse leaf (5.72%), tender leaf (3.37%) and medium (2.00%) was decreased over bottom pruned.
· In middle pruned system the protein fraction i.e., albumin was decreased (-8.71%) and globulin (4.71) was increased in all the leaf i.e., tender, medium and coarse over bottom pruning system.
· The soluble sugar and starch content in tender (15.46%) and 13.38%) and medium (5.9% and 7.2%) of middle pruned system increased over bottom pruned system.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1985-87
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Biochemical evaluation of nutritional status of Kanva-2 and local mulberry varieties under rainfed and irrigated conditions.
Personnel :Benchamin KV, Ratna Sen, Vinod Kumar
Project Period :1985-1988
Objectives :To study the basic difference in the nutritive quality of mulberry raised under rainfed and irrigated conditions.
Results/Recommendations :During rainy season there was no significant difference in moisture content of both mulberry varieties under rainfed and irrigated condition. K2 leaf contained more moisture, chlorophyll, protein and starch over local leaf under both irrigated and rainfed condition. No difference in crude fat was observed. With respect to moisture, total protein, starch and chlorophyll content, it was clear that the irrigated K2 mulberry leaf was nutritionally rich compared to irrigated or rainfed local varieties. The protein content decreased from tender to coarse leaf.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1985-88
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Evaluation of leaf quality in relation to preservation duration- biochemical studies.
Personnel : Benchamin KV, Ratna Sen, Vinod Kumar
Project Period :1985-1988
Objectives :To assess the increase or decrease in the nutritive quality of mulberry leaf preserved for different durations.
Results/Recommendations :During 72 hrs of preservation, the moisture content (2.35%) and soluble sugars were increased in local and K2 leaves, however, the protein content and starch were reduced. Results indicated that nutritive status of leaf does not deteriorate much, even after 72 hr of preservation.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1985-88
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Hormonal studies-Field test of Juvenile hormone (Manta).
Personnel :Benchamin KV, Ratna Sen, Vinod Kumar
Project Period :1985-1987
Objectives :To test the applicability of juvenile hormone analogue (Manta) at farmer's level in improving the overall cocoon yield.
Results/Recommendations :The field trial data (Coimbatore, K.P. Doddi and Kolar) suggest that the cocoons yield/100 dfls increased by 10.38% and 8.54% in PM x NB18 and NB18 x NB7 respectively. Among three test centres, the maximum cocoon yield/100 dfls of JH treated batch has been observed in Coimbatore (10.66%) followed by K.P. Doddi (9.28%) and Kolar (6.85%). The results indicated an increase of 11.0% in yield/100 dfls, 2.5% in cocoon weight and 12.6% in return/100 dfls in NB18 x NB7 hybrids as compared to control. In PM x NB18 increases of 10.1% in yield/100 dfls 2.5% in cocoon weight and 15.5% in return/100 dfls were observed over control.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1985-87
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Biochemical studies-Estimation of glycogen content of eggs in different silkworm breeds.
Personnel :Benchamin KV, Ratna Sen, Vinod Kumar
Project Period :1985-1991
Objectives :To study the difference in glycogen content in eggs in different seasons and different breeds and the possible relationship with hibernation potency.
Results/Recommendations : The significant variations in the glycogen content in the eggs of different breeds in the different seasons can be attributed to the degree of hibernation (higher the glycogen more the hibernation character). Based on the egg glycogen level, acid treatment methods and hibernation schedules can be suitably framed.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1985-91
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Biochemical studies-Estimation of glycogen content of eggs in different developmental stages.
Personnel : Benchamin KV, Ratna Sen, Vinod Kumar
Project Period :1985-1988
Objectives :To estimate glycogen content in developing and hibernated eggs and the possible like to hibernation schedules.
Results/Recommendations :It revealed that during diapause maintenance period glycogen content remained low, but it started increasing towards its termination. High glycogen level at the time of releasing of eggs was associated with good hatchability of eggs (>85%).
The results indicated that the egg content was decreased during egg development in PM and KA races. In incubated eggs of KA, minimum levels of glycogen is observed at 87 h and then increased at 111 h and after it decreased continuously.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1987-88
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Evaluation of leaf quality under two systems of pruning by rearing test.
Personnel : Benchamin KV, Gururaj R, Vinod Kumar
Project Period :1985-1988
Objectives :To study the effect of two popular systems of pruning on nutritive value of mulberry leaf and consequent cocoon characters.
Results/Recommendations :Feeding with leaf from bottom pruned plants in all the instars and leaf from middle pruned plants in young age followed by bottom pruned plant leaf in late age gave better yield. The results indicates that the ERR and cocoon yield was increased by 11.0% and 17.1% respectively in NB18 x NB7 and 6.8% and 8.1% respectively in PM x NB18 on feeding middle pruned leaf upto 3rd instar and bottom pruned leaf in 4th and 5th instars as compared to control (Bottom pruned leaf throughout larval life).
Source of Information :Annual Report :1986-88
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Influence of Prolactin (PRL) on growth and metabolism in silkworm.
Personnel : Benchamin KV, Gururaj, Vinod Kumar
Project Period :1986-1987
Objectives :To investigate the metabolic changes which occurs in the body of silkworm, particularly in the haemolymph following the treatment through chemo assay.
Results/Recommendations :The results indicated that there was an increase in ERR in different breeds/hybrids. The topical application of PRL at 24.72 and 120 hr after 4th moult (12g/ml/25 larvae) increased ERR by 9% in NB18 x NB7. Protein content increase by 3 to 8% in haemolymph depending on the test breeds/hybrids. However no changes in total carbohydrate and lipid contents.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1986-87
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional studies-Standardisation of moulting test to evaluate the leaf quality.
Project Period :1986-1988
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :In multivoltine x bivoltine hybrids 29.68% and 28.63% and in bivoltine hybrids 24.99% and 30.3% feed cut was required in 1st and 2nd instar to determine the desired level of feeding duration to evaluate the leaf quality by moulting test. In PM x NB18, 13 and 10 (71.8%, 70.77%) feedings and in NB18 x NB7, 14, and 10 (74.5% and 70.5%) feedings are required in 1st and 3rd instars for critical growth required for corresponding moults.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on tissue somatic index (TSI) in relation to growth of silkworm.
Project Period :1987-1988
Objectives :To understand the growth rate pattern of silk gland and gonads in particular and digestive tract in general to the larval body the tissue somatic indices were determined for these tissues in a wide range of silkworm races during final instar development.
Results/Recommendations : During larval maturation in 5th instar two growth peaks were observed in larval body weight (4th and 6th day) and silk gland (3rd and 6th day). The testicular growth rate was faster in multivoltine (16.7%) than bivoltine (13.3%). The ovarian growth rate was faster (39.34%) than testicular growth (14.53%) and these gonodal development overall was very slow against the larval body. The TSI results in the present study suggests that the silk production from highest to lowest degree in different breeds is in the order of NB4D2 >NB18> NB7>KA > HM> PCN>MY1>PM in pure races and NB18 x NB7>PM x NB18 in hybrids. This ranking is well in agreement with the classification of the above races and hybrids for productivity.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1987-88
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on the application of ecdysone in silkworm.
Project Period :1987-1989
Objectives : To study the effect plant based ecdysteriods on silkworm.
Results/Recommendations : Ecdysone plays an important role in morphogenesis and maturity in silkworm. Plants containing ecdysteroids were identified and the plant extract was applied on silkworm larvae to mimic the effect of ecdysone. The number of larvae mounted at an interval of 6 hrs was recorded in the case of control as well as treated batches. The effect was pronounced in the case of PM x NB4D2 hybrid.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1987-88
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Reproductive Physiology-Studies on the effect of high temperature of spermatogenesis and oognesis in silkworm Bombyx mori L.
Project Period :1987-1988
Objectives :To study the causes of unfertility in silkworm eggs noticed, especially in summer season.
Results/Recommendations : The results on heat shock effect on fertility suggest that the reason for infertility in silkworm is due to the abnormal meiotic division occurred during leptotene stage (spermatocyte stage) and resulted in apyrene sperm may be a possible cause of infertility in the eggs due to exposure to high temperature. However, oogenesis was not affected. Results indicates that unfertility in silkworm eggs due to exposure to high temperature during spinning and pupation. However, oognesis was not affected.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1987-88
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nucleic acid changes during embryonic development in silkworm Bombyx mori L.
Project Period :1987-1988
Objectives :De-oxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA) levels at egg stage can be related to rate of cell division and development. In this study the possible link between nucleic acid levels and age of embryo is explored.
Results/Recommendations : DNA and RNA levels were measured in eggs of KA, NB7, NB18, NB4D2, PCN, NB18 x NB7, PM, HM, MY1, PM x NB18 races. During the egg development the cell division was vigorous and DNA and RNA levels increased by more than 12 and 2 folds respectively in all the test breeds/hybrids. The rate of increase in DNA content was more at initial stage and decreased gradually towards hatching. However, rate of RNA increase was found to be almost constant. In developing egg the DNA content was directly proportional to the egg cell number and age of developing embryo of silkworm can be assessed by DNA content or RNA/DNA ratio more precisely.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1987-88
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nucleic acid changes during aestivation and refrigeration of bivoltine eggs.
Project Period :1987-1988
Objectives :To identify suitable stages for aestivation and refrigeration of eggs in silkworm Bombyx mori L.
Results/Recommendations : DNA and RNA levels were estimated during hibernation period at 5°C in different schedules of 3, 4 and 5 months at an interval of 10 days. The DNA content remained low upto 100 days of refrigeration and it started to increase from 100 days until the maximum days of refrigeration tested (210 days). The results indicated that:
· The eggs require 3-4 days time to enter completely into the diapause. Therefore, hibernation schedules starting from less than 3-4 days should be avoided.
· Optimum refrigeration period at 5°C is 110-120 days to get hatchability (>90%) irrespective of hibernation schedule i.e., 3, 4 & 6 months, which also coincide with the high DNA levels.
· 3 days aestivation with 90 days of refrigeration as followed in 3 months schedule may be reconsidered.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1987-88
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Glycogen changes during aestivation and refrigeration of bivoltine eggs.
Project Period :1987-1988
Objectives :To find out suitable physiological stage for egg release in order to get maximum hatching.
Results/Recommendations :Glycogen level at the time of oviposition was 22.8, 23.7 and 24.3 g/egg in the egg of KA, NB18 and NB18 x KA respectively. During aestivation at 25°C the glycogen reduced by 47, 69 and 74% after 4, 10 and 25 days of oviposition respectively. Glycogen changes were also measured during refrigeration at 5°C in different hibernation schedules of 3, 4 and 6 months at an interval of 10 days. Glycogen level remained low upto 50-60 days of refrigeration and started increasing and reached maximum level after 100-140 days. High glycogen level at the time of releasing of eggs was associated with good hatchability of eggs (78.5%).
Source of Information :Annual Report :1987-88
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Hormonal studies-Studies on the effect of phytoecdysone on the maturity in silkworm.
Personnel :
Project Period :1987-1989
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Extract of Cassia tora leaf applied topically on 5th instar larvae on the penultimate day (5 ml/100 larvae) in PM x NB18 and NB18 x NB7 hastened maturation by 6-12 hr irrespective of season and breeds.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Biochemical studies- Glycogen level of eggs as an index of silkworm seed quality.
Project Period :1987-1988
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :The results indicated that the glycogen content of the eggs of NB18, NB7 races were estimated at different multiplication levels viz., breeds stock, P4, P3, P2 and P1. Glycogen levels decreased at different multiplication levels and it was 39.9, 38.6, 36.0 and 34.8 mg/g eggs in NB18 and 38.2, 36.7. 33.4, 33.0 and 32.9 mg/g of eggs in NB7 at breeders , P4, P3, P2 and P1 levels respectively.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Effect of single cell protein supplementation of mulberry leaf on silkworm growth.
Personnel : Benchamin KV, Magadum SB, Remadevi OK
Project Period :1988-1989
Objectives :To study the effect of spray of aqueous suspension/extracts of spirulina on mulberry leaf on the improvement of cocoon weight.
Results/Recommendations : Different concentrations of spirulina (1.25% and 2.5% water suspension, 11 ml/ 100 g leaf) were treated on leaves and fed to silkworm larvae of KA x NB4D2 and PM x NB4D2 hybrids throughout the 5th instar. The rearing performance of the treated batches and control batches are compared. No significant improvement in any of the rearing parameters of the treated batches was observed.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1988-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Hormonal Studies-Application of Manta to improve the egg production efficiency.
Personnel : Benchamin KV, Magadum SB, Remadevi OK
Project Period :1988-1989
Objectives :To study the effect of manta application during instar on the fecundity of the moths.
Results/Recommendations :Manta (2.5 ppm) is sprayed on 5th instar larvae of PM, NB18 and NB7 72 hrs. after resumption from 4th moult. The fecundity by weight was improved by 3.6, 4.7 and 0.8% respectively in PM, NB18 and NB7 over control.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1988-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Reproductive Physiology-Studies on the glycogen levels in multivoltine/acid treated eggs under refrigeration.
Project Period :1988-1989
Objectives :To establish the relationship between the glycogen level of the eggs at the time of releasing from cold storage and the hatchability.
Results/Recommendations :The loose eggs of PM x NB18 and NB18 x NB7 hybrids were refrigerated at 24, 36 and 48 hr after oviposition/acid treatment for a period of 100 days at 5°C. The eggs were released from cold store at the interval of 10 days and the glycogen content at the time of release and hatching percentage were observed. For longer refrigeration the ideal egg age was found to be 24 hrs after oviposition/acid treatment in NB18 x NB7 and in PM x NB18 hatchability of 80% and above was obtained on refrigerating the eggs upto 50 days.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1988-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on the effect of low temperature on oogenesis in silkworm.
Project Period :1988-1989
Objectives :To study the causes of infertility due to low temperatures during seed cocoon preservation.
Results/Recommendations :7 days old female pupa of NB18 and PM races were kept at 5°C for 9 days. The biochemical parameters such as protein, free amino acids, total carbohydrate and glycogen levels were decreased and the level of alanine amino transferase (AAT) enzyme was increased. Histological studies suggested that the infertility in the female preserved at 5°C was due to
· ill defined epithelial cells lead to formation of thin chorion.
· degeneration of the nurse cells ceases yolk synthesis.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1988-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Phyto-physiology-Studies on the physiological changes in uzi infested larvae of silkworm.
Project Period :1988-1989
Objectives :To study the various biochemical changes occurring in the silkworm larvae parasitised by uzifly, Tricholyga bombycis Beak.
Results/Recommendations :Free aminoacids (FAA), Alanine and Aspartate amino transferase (ALAT & AAT) activities and glycogen were analyzed in the fat body and haemolymph of the host (PM) from the day of parasitization to the spinning. Data clearly shows that for all the four parameters no perceptible change could be observed upto 4th day after parasitization thereafter, a drop in FAA and glycogen was observed.
Larval spinning time advanced by 12±2hr in NB18 and 20±2hr in PM after uzi parasitization on 3rd day and 4th day of 5th instar silkworm larvae. Total protein, carbohydrate, free aminoacids and glycogen levels decreased in haemolymph and fat body with an increase in alanine and aspartate amino transferase. The hypoaminomic and hypoglycemic condition attained by the infected larvae may cause the earlier spinning than the control.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1988-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional studies-Studies on the enrichment of mulberry leaf with protein.
Project Period :1988-1990
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :The results indicate the spray of 2% albumin on rainfed local mulberry leaf and fed to larvae of KA x NB4D2 and PM x NB4D2 on 2nd and 3rd day of I-IV instar and 2nd, 3rd and 4th day of 5th instar increased the survival rate and cocoon yield and cocoon weight by 6.7, 15.7, 8.7% in PM x NB4D2 and 4, 17.6 and 13.6% in KA x NB4D2 respectively as compared to control in the winter season. K2 and local mulberry leaves were enriched with 1 and 2% of egg albumin and fed to different instars (I-IV, I-III, IV-V and V only). 1% albumin supplementation improved ERR by 12-20% and cocoon yield by 20-23% in PM x NB4D2 and 12-16% in ERR and 14-22% in cocoon yield in KA x NB4D2.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional studies-Mineral salt spray on mulberry leaves for betterment of silk production.
Project Period :1989-1990
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Potassium iodide, Calcium chloride, Zinc chloride, Cobalt nitrate and Cobalt chloride at various concentration (20, 40 and 60 ppm) were sprayed on leaf and fed to silkworm (NB7 x NB18) daily once during 5th instar. K1 (20 ppm), MgSO4 (60 ppm), ZnCl2 (60 ppm) and Co(NO3)2 (60 ppm) resulted in increase of cocoon yield by 16, 12, 16 and 12% respectively.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional studies-Protein and carbohydrate utilization in silkworm Bombyx mori.
Project Period :1989-1990
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Dry matter digestibility (DMD) was high in 1st instar and gradually decreased in successive instars. The mean DMD for whole larval period was 37.18% and 38.37% in PM x NB4D2 and KA x NBD2 respectively, EC1 and ECD to body for the whole period was 16.2 and 45.58% in PM x B4D2 and it was 19.21% and 50.70% in KA x NB4D2. The mean protein digestibility was 62.8% in PM x NB4D2 and 61.1% in KA x NB4D2 for the whole larval period. The carbohydrate digestibility was more in I instar and gradually reduced in subsequent instars in both the hybrids. The mean carbohydrate digestibility was 40.21% in PM x NB4D2 and 39.9% in KA x NB4D2.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional studies-Feed utilization efficiency in different silkworm breeds.
Project Period :1989-1990
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Consumption index was least in AP2 (0.75) and highest in GNP (1.77). The approximate digestibility also varied amongst different races from 47.84% in MY1 to 36.64% in C.Nichi. The EC1 and ECD were highest in P2D1 and C.Nichi and lowest in PA11 and MY1. Based on the ingestion to cocoon ratio the breed C.Nichi, P2D1, AP2 and PA11 showed better feed utilization efficiency than other races including PM.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Biochemical studies- Biochemical changes in testes following high temperature shock in silkworm.
Project Period :1989-1990
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :The protein fractions viz., B-globulin, albumins and free amino acids (FAA) were found to decrease after high temperature treatment. But the glycogen indicates the non-utilization by the developing spermatozoa due to high temperature.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Biochemical studies-Sperm activity in relation to ageing in silkworm Bombyx mori.
Personnel :
Project Period :1989-1990
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :The sperm viability depends on the age of the month and preservation condition. The energy requirement of sperm is supplied through fructose in the acrosomic zone where the sorbitol is converted fructose through sorbitoldehydrogenase (SDH). The SDH activity in VAS defense decreased with the age of the moth, remained unchanged even after refrigeration for 6-7 days and decrease with repeated mating of moths preserved for 5°C in between the pairings. The preset practice of using moth upto 4-7 days is justifiable based on the present study.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Biochemical studies- Physical/chemical properties of haemolymph in Bombyx mori.
Project Period :1989-1990
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Haemolymph volume (HV), haemolymph index (HSI), specific gravity (sp. gr) and pH were recorded highest in winter and lowest in summer. However, with regard to development (5th instar) not much difference could be detected in pH or sp. gr. The difference between multivoltine and bivoltine breeds also is very marginal.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Hormonal studies-In vitro action of vertebrate hormone.
Personnel :
Project Period :1989-1990
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :The effect of vertebrate hormone (PRL, thyroxin and insulin) at different concentrations (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 g/g) and JH analogue, manta on different tissues like silk gland, fat body, haemolymph, testes and ovary while in vivo study indicates 6-8% acceleration in DNA content. It indicates that the vertebrate hormones do not act directly on the target tissue and they may elicit their response through circulating hormone of the insect system. However, in vitro, in the presence of manta or haemolymph (0.1 g/ml) DNA levels were increased suggesting the cell proliferation in this tissue. The order of response of the tissue to manta and its combination were as silk gland < fat body < testes < ovaries.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Use of Plant hormones in silkworm rearing.
Personnel :Sashindran Nair, Remadevi OK, Magadum SB, Kanika Trivedy, Anantharaman KV
Project Period :1990-1994
Objectives :To study the effect of plant hormones which affect the growth and reproduction of insects.
Results/Recommendations : A number of commercial plant growth regulators viz., Amrut, Fasal, Vipul, Planofix, Auxins, Gibberllins, Kinetin, Abscissic acid (ABA), Trianol-CF, have been screened. It was observed that some of the PGRs like Fasal, Vipul and ABA have shown growth promoting activity and improved the shell weight in silkworm, Bombyx mori. The improvement in cocoon and cocoon shell weight ranged from 10-13%.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1991-94
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Glycogen used as an index of seed quality and evaluation of quality through bio-assay.
Personnel :Venkatarami Reddy K, Benchamin KV, Magadum SB, Remadevi OK
Project Period :1990-1992
Objectives :The glycogen content in the eggs of NB18, NB4D2, NB7 and KA races procured from P1, P2, P3 and P4 were analyzed during rainy, winter and summer seasons.
Results/Recommendations :The seed glycogen content of different bivoltine and multivoltine races were estimated in rainy and winter seasons. The glycogen content was significantly (P <0.05) more in bivoltine than in multivoltine and in winter than in rainy season. Among the bivoltines NB18 had the highest (49.81mg/g egg) and P5 had the lowest (45.52 mg/g egg) content (NB18>NB4D2>NB7>KA>S2>NN6D>JSV6 >CC1>P5). Among the multivoltines highest content (38.23 mg/g egg) was recorded in HM and lowest in GNP (31.52 mg/g egg) (HM >KW1 >KW2 >MY1 >Nistari >PM >RD1 >GNP). Based on the egg glycogen level, acid treatment methods and hibernation schedules (higher the glycogen more the hibernation characters) can suitably be framed. Eggs from different multiplication levels (P4, P3, P2, and P1) were procured and its glycogen content were analysed during rainy, winter and summer seasons. The eggs of P4 and P3 levels had more glycogen over P2 and P1. Eggs from all the levels were reared all together under uniform conditions. The results suggested that though the above economic parameters are not affected in response to the variation in the glycogen content of the egg, the ERR is found better in the batches reared from the eggs with more glycogen levels.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1991-92
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional and hormonal studies in relation to growth and reproduction in silkworm, Bombyx mori-Bioassay with mulberry varieties for variety evaluation.
Personnel :Anantharaman KV, Magadum SB, Mala VR
Project Period :1990-1995
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :The assessment of the quality of eight promising varieties of mulberry using three commercial hybrids of silkworm (Bombyx mori) was conducted. The data show that, irrespective of breeds and seasons, S34 variety fed batches showed significantly higher values in all economic parameter studied viz., larval weight, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight and SR% when compared to other varieties fed. However, the mulberry variety S13 fed batches were on par with S34 batches. Among the three bivoltine hybrids, NB4D2 x KA was found superior to the other two hybrids in winter. These studies will help in understanding the effect of different varieties of mulberry on breeds in different seasons.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Hormonal and Nutritional studies in relation to growth and reproduction in silkworm, Bombyx mori-Improvement of cocoon and cocoon shell weight by IGRs and juvenile hormone analogs (JHAs) bioassay studies.
Personnel :Kanika Trivedy, Remadevi OK, Magadum SB, Benchamin KV, Ahsan MM
Project Period :1990-1995
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :A number of IGRs (JHAs) received from different sources (R394, W328, R77-Czech Republic), (B, C, BME, BK-BARC, Bombay), (BPE- Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi) have been screened. It was observed that some of the IGRs like R394, BK, BME have shown growth promoting activity and improved the shell weight in silkworm, Bombyx mori. The improvement in cocoon and cocoon shell weight ranged from 7-20%.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional and hormonal studies in relation to growth and reproduction in silkworm, Bombyx mori-Improvement of cocoon shell weight by IGRs bioassay studies-Hormonal studies-Antijuvenoids in sericulture industry.
Personnel :Kanika Trivedy, Remadevi OK, Magadum SB, Datta RK
Project Period :1990-1994
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Antijuvenile induce trimoulters producing finer silk bave with less denier having smaller cocoons with lesser filament length. A promising antijuvenoid KK-42 was used for reducing the larval duration by 3-5 days. Treatment with 135 ppm during 3rd instar (8 hr after 2nd moult) resulted in inducing 85% trimoulters and 8.52% improvement in the ERR producing silk with 1.5-1.8 denier in winter season. Treatment in 5th stage with 40 ppm at 72 hr with a dose of 12.5 ml/100 worms resulted in improvement of 17.04% shell weight and 8% cocoon weight.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional and hormonal studies in relation to growth and reproduction in silkworm, Bombyx mori-Effect of imidazole compounds, SSp-11 and KK-42 on the tissue growth pattern and protein metabolism in silkworm Bombyx mori.
Personnel :Venkatarami Reddy K, Sashindran Nair K, Magadum SB
Project Period :1990-1994
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Impact of SSP-11 and KK-42 on silk gland growth pattern, protein profiles of haemolymph, fat body and silk gland was studied during spinning in 4th instar and compared with that of the same age control larvae which were by the time in 5th instar. The level of total proteins, total anthrone positive substances, glycogen and nucleic acids increased with a decrease in free amino acid levels, suggesting stepped up tissue protein bio synthetic activities and/or derogative activities.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional and hormonal studies in relation to growth and reproduction in silkworm, Bombyx mori-Estimation of hormone titer using RIA/EIA technique in different instar/breeds-Ecdysteroid titer in silkworm during different stages of development.
Personnel :Venkatarami Reddy K, Magadum SB
Project Period :1990-1994
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :A rapid convenient and sensitive enzyme immuno assay (EIA) technique has been developed in the silkworm Physiology laboratory using acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) as label for the quantification of haemolymph ecdysone in silkworm, Bombyx mori. The titer was found to be very low during the first half of each instar. However, during 5th instar, a narrow increase on day 3 followed by the sharp peak on day 8 is evident in both the breeds (PM and NB4D2). Among the breeds, there is no significant difference in the titer. These studies will help to understand the physiology and endocrinology of silkworm and also to understand the critical period of exogenous application of JHA/moulting hormone/plant growth regulators.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional studies in relation to growth and reproduction in silkworm, Bombyx mori-Host-parasitoid hormonal interaction.
Personnel :Venkatarami Reddy K, Magadum SB
Project Period :1990-1994
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :The hormonal interrelationship between uzi parasite and its host, silkworm, Bombyx mori has been studied by estimating the ecdysone titer. The levels were increased after parasitization. The regression of titer was also assessed with the varying degree of parasitoid infestation and the extent of reduction was found to be directly correlated with the number of parasitoids per host larvae.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title : Nutritional and Hormonal studies in relation to growth and reproduction-Formulation of artificial diet for young age silkworm, Bombyx mori L.
Personnel :Magadum SB, Remadevi OK, Surendranath B, Reddy SV, Shivakumar GB, Datta RK.
Project Period :1991-1995
Objectives : To develop a semi-synthetic diet for the rearing of young age (1st & 2nd instars) and late age (3rd to 5th instar) larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori.
Results/Recommendations :A semi synthetic diet for young age silkworm larvae was developed. Initially, the larval acceptance was poor and the mortality rate was high. Later on, this was overcome by processing the ingredients, particularly defatted soybean powder that is known to contain and feedants. Till date, 200 diet combinations were prepared using mulberry leaf powder, defatted soybean flour, cellulose, starch, citric acid, sucrose, agar, sorbic acid, salt mixture, vitamin mixture, gallic acid, β-sitosterol and soybean oil etc. At the beginning of the project, the larval growth and the survival rate were found poor in all the breeds tested. Later the survival rate was brought to 75% but larval growth was not upto the desired level that led to prolongation of larval period by 3-4 days till 2nd moult. The cost of this diet was approximately Rs.300-350/kg. In the process of diet evaluation study, the diet No.84 was found better over the rest. This was improved further considering the high cost of production; attempts were made to decrease the same using cheaper grade ingradients without compromising the quality. Here the material used were chick pea powder, starch, groundnut flour, rice barn, wheat flour, egg albumin, poultry feed and rat feed as protein source, Isbgol and carraghenin were used as water binding agents in place of agar. Sun flower and cottonseed oils used in place of soybean oil as source of sterols.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1993-95
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Quantification of Juvenile hormone and ecdysone in different instars of silkworm Bombyx mori.
Personnel : Venkata Rami Reddy K, Magadum SB, Anantharaman KV
Funding Source: CSB and DBT
Project Period :1991-1993
Objectives :To produce antibodies against ecdysone and Juvenile hormone, pure antigens dissolved in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (PH 7.4) were conjugated to carrier proteins bovine serum albumin (BSA) Carbodiamide used as a coupling reagent to induce peptide bond between antigen and primarily lysine residues.
Results/Recommendations :The titers of haemolymph ecdysone in PM and NB18 races were measured during 3rd to 5th instar using the calibration curve by intrapolation. For analytical recovery aliquotes of haemolymph spiked with known amount of standard used as sample and the amount recovered after analysis was estimated. The range of recovery in our study was 95-105% suggesting absence of sample standard non-identity.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1991-93
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Effect of antijuvenated KK-42, on silkworm Bombyx mori.
Personnel : Kanika Trivedy, Remadevi OK, Magadum SB
Project Period :1991-1993
Objectives : Antijuvenoids are known to induce trimoultars with finer silk filament. The imidazole compound KK-42 was tested on different breeds with preliminary screening of various concentrations and application hours, it was established that KK-42 applied at 8 hr after II and III moult, resulted in the production of trimoultars.
Results/Recommendations :Antijuvenile induce trimoultars producing finer silk bave with less denier having smaller cocoons with lesser filament length. A promising antijuvenoid KK-42 was used for reducing the larval duration by 3-5 days. Treatment with 135 ppm during 3rd instar (8 hr after 2nd moult) resulted in inducing 85% trimoultars and 8.52% improvement in the ERR producing silk with 1.5-1.8 denier in winter season. Treatment in 5th stage with 40 ppm at 72 hr with a dose of 12.5 ml/100 worms resulted in improvement of 17.04% shell weight and 8% cocoon weight.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1992-93
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional and hormonal studies in relation to growth and reproduction in silkworm, Bombyx mori-Diet evaluation study.
Personnel :Magadum SB, Venkatarami Reddy K, Datta RK
Project Period :1991-1995
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :The diets procured from Japan, China RRL ( Jammu) and Osmania University (Hyderabad) were tested with the diets developed by CSR&TI, Mysore. The results indicated that among the diets, the order of superiority of the diet in respect of larval weight, survival and larval duration was found to be Japan > China > CSR&TI > OS > RRL.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional and hormonal studies in relation to growth and reproduction in silkworm, Bombyx mori-Shelf-life studies of the artificial diet.
Personnel :Magadum SB, Shivakumar GR, Datta RK
Project Period :1991-1995
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :In order to test the possible deterioration in the quality of the diets through preservation, shelf life studies were conducted. The results indicated that it could be possible to preserve the diets safely for 20-25 days at 5-10°C without deterioration.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional and hormonal studies in relation to growth and reproduction in silkworm, Bombyx mori-Studies on packing and preservation of artificial diet.
Personnel :Magadum SB, Shivakumar GR, Datta RK
Project Period :1991-1995
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :The diet No.155 was prepared and packed in containers made of different materials like glass, aluminium, steel plastic polythene (LPD) and clay (earthen pot). The results indicated that polythene was the most suitable material for the preservation of artificial diet when compare to other, irrespective of day storage and preservation temperature.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional and hormonal studies in relation to growth and reproduction in silkworm, Bombyx mori-Large scale rearing trails on artificial diet.
Personnel :Magadum SB, Venkatarami Reddy K, Shivakumar GR, Datta RK
Project Period :1991-1995
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :In order to test the performance of the diet at the early stage, the larvae of PM x NB18 were reared on diet No.84 for the first three instars and switched over to leaf for the remaining period. The results from all the four trails indicated that the larvae, which were reared initially on diet, showed 6-8% inferior with regard to larval weight cocoon/shell weight. The larval weight also prolonged in this case by 2-3 days. Bioassay has been done with diets No.178-182 with diets, 155 and 177 as controls along with leaf. Diet No.182 was better with regard to larval weight gain but with regard to survival, diet No.180 was better. The large scale trials of artificial diets with different hybrids proved that for PM x NB4D2, diet No.177 is the most suited.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Carbohydrate metabolism in silkworm Bombyx mori L.
Personnel : Anantharaman KV, Magadam SB
Project Period :1992-1993
Objectives :To understand the fluctuations of trehalose in the blood of silkworm.
Results/Recommendations :Trehalose is the principal carbohydrate in the haemolymph of silkworm Bombyx mori and is synthesized in the fat body during development in the haemolymph of the silkworm Bombyx mori under tropical conditions. The data indicated that the haemolymph trehalose increased gradually and reached maximum after the mid 5th instar in all the breeds (KA, NB18, NB4D2 and NB7). The values ranged from 1.023 g/l to 6.976 g/l in different breeds during 5th instar development. Studies indicated that, the larvae fed with mulberry leaf had higher trehalose content in the haemolymph when compare to batches fed with artificial feed prepared at CSR&TI, Mysore. Trehalose hydrolyzing enzymes (trehalase activity) in the mid gut fluctuated during development and reached a maximum on 4th and 5th day of 5th instar. On starvation trehalose content of blood reduced and was highest when the larvae were ready to spin. Starvation enhanced trehalase activity in the midgut.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1992-93
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Alteration of the ecdysteroid titre by JHA, R-394 in silkworm Bombyx mori .
Personnel :Kanika Trivedy, Magadum SB, Datta RK
Project Period :1992-1994
Objectives :JHA R-394 a & b concentrations ('a' 0.00003125 and 'b' 0.00251/51 acetone/larva) were topically applied to 5th instar larvae at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hrs. and its effect on ecdysteroid titres, in the silkworm Bombyx mori was estimated by an enzyme immuno assay.
Results/Recommendations :Four water emulsion concentrations of R394 is topically applied @ 12.5 ml/100 larvae for each treatment on four replications of 150 larvae each of the two hybrids of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Experiment was repeated in winter and summer seasons. Application of compound has improved cocoon weight and shell weight of NB18 x NB7 by 9.70 and 9.16% respectively in summer.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1992-93, 1993-94
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Use of Plant growth regulators on the larval growth and economic parameters of silkworm.
Project Period :1992-1994
Objectives :It is known that plant growth hormones like auxins and gibberellins promote growth and economic parameters in silkworm.
Results/Recommendations :ABA9 (pure plant hormone) oral administration by 0.5 ppm at 48 hr resulted in an improvement of 10.08% in cocoon weight and 12.56% in shell weight whereas by 5.0 ppm, it resulted in 13.1 and 10.1% improvement in cocoon and shell weight respectively. Trianol-CF of 0.2 ppm when applied topically at 24th showed the highest improvement in cocoon and shell weight ie., 12.69% and 13.05% respectively.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1992-94
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Evaluation of mulberry varieties for the young age silkworm rearing.
Personnel :Inokuchi T, Singh GB, Meenal R
Project Period :1992-1993
Objectives :"Kaburai" test is the method in which silkworm larvae were fed with artificial diet upto 2nd 3rd moult and the weight of larvae out of moult and under moult were recorded.
Results/Recommendations :Results obtained indicated that Kenmochi, Shinkemoni and Hachinose proved better among Japanese varieties. The survival ranged between 90-98% and weight is 0.20 to 0.44g. Results obtained among Indian varieties tested showed that survival ranged between 80-96% in S36, S13, V4 and G9 and weight ranged between 0.21 to 0.28g which is significantly higher than K2 and local in which survival were recorded 92 and 66% and weight 0.18 and 0.10g respectively.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1992-93
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Effect of mulberry genotypes on the rearing of silkworm hybrids in different seasons.
Personnel :Anantharaman KV, Magadam SB
Project Period :1993-1995
Objectives :Nutritional quality of the mulberry greatly influence the quality of cocoon crop and in turn the quality of silk.
Results/Recommendations :S34 showed high efficiency of conversion of ingested food into larval body and needs lesser ingesta and digesta for production of one gram of shell. Briefly, S34 is good with regard to cocoon production whereas, S30 is better for cocoon shell production.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1993-95
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Interaction between haemolymph protein profiles and ecdysteroid titers in relation to growth in Bombyx mori L.
Personnel : Venkatarami Reddy K, Magadam SB
Project Period :1993-1994
Objectives :To study correlation among the larval weight (L.wt.) water content (WC) of larvae, protein in haemolymph (pH), volume of haemolymph (VH), concentration of ecdysteroid (CE) in haemolymph and tissue somatic index (TSI) during development (3rd to 5th instar) in two breeds (NB4D2 & PM).
Results/Recommendations :The correlation among the protein content in haemolymph and the volume of haemolymph and the tissue somatic index, volume of haemolymph with concentration of ecdysteroid and tissue somatic index (TSI) and concentration of ecdysterioid and tissue somatic index was significant.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1993-94
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Effect of JHA, EPE and R-394 on the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. for the improvement of economic characters.
Personnel : Kanika Trivedy, Shivakumar GR, Magadum SB
Project Period :1993-1994
Objectives : Three water emulsion concentrations of BPE (6,7 Epoxy bakychial propyl ether) viz., 6.25 µl/lit, 12.5 µl/lit, 25 µl/lit have been prepared and topically applied @ 12.5 µl/100 larvae for each treatment on four replications of 150 larvae each of the two hybrids of silkworm Bombyx mori L.
Results/Recommendations :Application of the compound has improved cocoon weight and shell weight of NB18 x NB7 by 9.70 and 9.16% respectively in summer.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1993-94
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Effects of JHAs R-77 and W-328 on the silkworm, Bombyx mori L.
Personnel : Kanika Trivedy, Shivakumar GR, Magadum SB
Project Period :1993-1994
Objectives :To study the growth promoting activity and increase in silk production.
Results/Recommendations : It has been concluded that JHAs, R77 and W328 cannot be used for the improvement of economic parameters of Bombyx mori as they did not show any favourable effect.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1993-94
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Effect of phyto-ecdysteroids on the larval maturation and other economic characters of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L.
Personnel : Shivakumar GR, Magadum SB
Project Period :1993-2000
Objectives :Four plant extracts were evaluated for the ecdysteroid content through enzyme immunoassay.
Results/Recommendations :To combat the non-uniform silkworm maturity administration of ecdysteroid to the 5th instar was planned so that the maturation events could be hastened and spinning activities could be synchronized. Photoedcysteroid treated batches, 95% of the worms matured at 18hr after the treatment whereas in control it took more than 42hr. There was no significant adverse effect on the cocoon characters.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1993-2000
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional and hormonal studies in relation to growth and reproduction-Development of semi-synthetic diet for young age silkworm Bombyx mori L.
Project Period :1994-1995
Results/Recommendations :
· Diet No.155 was the best for larval growth and survival but it prolonged the larval period by 1-2 days when compared to leaf fed control. The moulting ratio was same in all the diet fed batches. The breed response to the survival was low in KA and NB4D2.
· The results indicate that No.155 was better with respect to larval weight and survival irrespective of breed/hybrids.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1994-95
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Testing the efficacy of purified phytoecdysone.
Personnel :Himantharaj MT, Pallavi SN, Shivakumar GR
Project Period :1995-1996
Objectives :To evaluate the efficacy of phytoecdysone, 2 ml of phytoecdysone was dissolved in 2000 ml of water, sprayed over mulberry leaves and fed between 72-96 h after 4th moult and at the onset of spinning.
Results/Recommendations :Results indicated that 52-57% of worms matured in the treated batches compared to control (24%) within 18h of treatment. Cocoon yield and cocoon characters were found to be better in media control and general control compared to the treated batches.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1996-97
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Identification of nutritionally efficient breeds/hybrids which are more efficient in feed conversion.
Personnel :Sashindran Nair K, Kanika Trivedy
Project Period :1995-2002
Objectives :To determine the efficiency of feed conversion in eleven new bivoltine hybrids viz., A x CSR5, A x CSR6, A x B61, A x 935A, F x A1, G x CSR2, G x CSR13, G x CSR12, A3 x 935E (HSP1) A3 x 916B (HSP2) along with KA x NB4D2 as control were screened.
Results/Recommendations :Bivoltine breeds/hybrids: Among pure breeds, Gen1 and Gen3 were compared with CSR2 and Gen2 and Gen4 were compared with CSR5. The consolidated data shows that Gen3 and Gen1 are nutritionally not superior to CSR2 whereas Gen2 had 4.81% more leaf-cocoon conversion rate (LCCR) and 1.65% more leaf-shell conversion rate (LSCR) compared to CSR5. The efficiency of the hybrids was at par with that of the control CSR2 x CSR5.
Multivoltine breeds/hybrids :Results shows that BL67 had 51.502% more leaf silk conversion rate than PM (BL67:9.814 and PM:6.478%). Among the hybrids BL67 x NB4D2 had 8.619% higher leaf silk conversion rate than PM x NB4D2 (BL67 x NB4D2:10.171 and PM x NB4D2:9.364%).
Source of Information :Annual Report :1999-02
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Improving the sericultural productivity under rainfed/semi irrigated condition-Development of package of practices for mulberry-Testing of efficacy of phytoecdysteroid hormone on silkworm. (RSRS, Kodathi)
Personnel : Shantala R, Koundinya PR
Project Period :1995-1996
Objectives : To study the efficacy of phyto ecdysteroid hormone on silkworm.
Results/Recommendations : Winter trial conducted during the period. A difference of 8 to 6 hours less in the total larval duration was observed in the hormone treated batches compared to control batch.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional and hormonal studies in relation to growth and reproduction in silkworm, Bombyx mori-Development of semi-synthetic diet for young age silkworms-a) Processing of ingredients for removal of repellants, b) Development of low cost diet for young age silkworm quality improvement and cost reduction. c) Bioassay with diet and field testing.
Personnel :Shivakumar GR, Magadum SB, Chinya PK
Project Period :1995-1997
Objectives :To prepare an expensive artificial diet young age silkworm rearing using cheaper ingredients.
Results/Recommendations :Using different permutations and combinations, 40 diet formulations were made. Diet No. 177 and 204 were found promising with regard to the parameters like larval weight after 2nd moult, survival % and larval duration. The promising diets were further tested in mass scale on the multi x bivoltine hybrid, PM x NB4D2. The larvae were reared on artificial diet upto 2nd moult and then switched over to leaf. The economic parameters were almost on par with leaf fed batch except the total larval duration, which was more in diet batches by 1 day 6 hr. The diet No.177 further tested in the RTI laboratory of CSR&TI, Mysore and at the RSRSs along with the rearing in the silkworm physiology laboratory. The total larval duration was more by 2-4 days in diet fed batches on field testing.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional and hormonal studies in relation to growth and reproduction in silkworm, Bombyx mori-Identification of bivoltine breeds, which are more efficient in feed conversion.
Personnel :Kanika Trivedy, Anantharaman KV, Sashindran Nair K, Basavarja HK
Project Period :1995-1998
Objectives :To find out the efficiency of conversions of food ingested to cocoon and shell.
Results/Recommendations :A set of 13 breeds/hybrids (CSR1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, 6, 7, 8 and CSR1 x 4, 2 x 4, 2 x 5, 3 x 6 and 7 x 8) during 1995, a set of 12 breeds/hybrids (1HT, 2HT, CSR5, 6, 12, 13, KA and NB4D2 and CSR 12 x 6, 13 x 5, 1HT x 2HT and KA x NB4D2) during 1996 and a set of 14 breeds/hybrid (A66, A69, A71, B71, B72, 2HT and KA, NB4D2 and B71 x A69, B72 x A66, B72 x A71, 3HT x 2HT and KA x NB4D2) during 1997 were reared (three trials). In the first set, for producing 1 g of cocoon shell, CSR1 and 7 took minimum ingests among pure breeds when compared with CSR8 and among hybrids it was CSR3 x 6 when compared to control, CSR7 x 8. In the second set 2HT was found better in feed conversion among the improved bivoltine breeds and 1HT x 2HT turned out to be better hybrid. In the third set A66 was more efficient in feed conversion among the pure breeds.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional and hormonal studies in relation to growth and reproduction in silkworm, Bombyx mori-a) Identification of locally available plants rich in phytoecdysteroids and its extraction. b) Bioassay with promising phytoecdysteroids and field testing.
Personnel :Shivakumr GR, Anantharaman KV, Chinya PK
Project Period :1995-1998
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Phytoecdysteroid was extracted from plants like Achyranthus aspera, Trianthema portulacastrum, Podocarpus and Polypodium sp. and administered to silkworm at 72, 96, 120 and 144 hr of fifth instar with a concentration of 40 and 60 mg per liter. The results indicated that more than 50% of the larvae matured within 12 hr in the case of 120 and 144 hr treatment. When the treatment was made at 72 hr the maturation was hastened but cocoon characters were adversely affected.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional and hormonal studies in relation to growth and reproduction in silkworm, Bombyx mori-Improvement of crop production-Collection of insect growth regulators and their bioassay with silkworm and field testing.
Personnel :Kanika Trivedy, Sashindran Nair K
Project Period :1995-1997
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Through preliminary screening with broad-spectrum concentrations of 25 juvenile hormone analogues, four compounds namely NLOE-13, NLOE-24, ATOE-24, ATOE-2 and ATOE-3 were selected for mass bioassay. The improvement in economic parameters like cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight ranged from 7 to 15% in both bivoltine x bivoltine (KA x NB4D2) hybrid and multi x bivoltine (PM x NB4D2). In another set of experiment, 42 synthetic PTTH analogues were screened for their bioactivity in silkworm using five different concentrations viz., 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 ppm. Based on the results, the analogous, DB5, TP and DB2 were selected for mass bioassay. About 23% improvement was resulted shell weight in KA x NB4D2 and it was about 14% in PM x NB4D2. Further, PTTH was extracted from silk moth brain (40,000 nos) and administered to V instar silkworm in a separate experiment. Around 13% improvement in shell weight was noticed.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Testing the efficacy of crude extract of phytoecdysteroid. (RSRS, Salem)
Personnel :Mary Flora CA, Shekar MA, Vijayaraghavan K
Project Period :1996-1997
Objectives : To study the efficacy of phytoecdysteroid hormone on silkworm at the regional level.
Results/Recommendations :Feeding the worms with crude extract sprayed leaves on 3rd day of 5th instar and on the onset of spinning has preponed spinning for 6 hours and resulted in uniform maturity and spinning.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Influence of synthetic prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) analogues on economic characters of silkworm, Bombyx mori.
Personnel : Kanika Trivedy, Sashindran Nair K
Project Period :1997-1998
Objectives : Bioassay study on 3 PTTH analogues viz., DB5, TP and DB2.
Results/Recommendations :When TP was applied topically at 24h to KA x NB4D2 silkworm race, cocoon and shell weights were improved by 14.49% (Treated:1.967g) and 21% (Treated: 0.387g) respectively. On oral application of DB2 at 48h, the improvement in cocoon weight was 13.27% (Treated:1.940 g) and in shell wt. was 19.37% (Treated:0.382g) in KA x NB4D2.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1997-98
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Biochemical studies on the influence of phytoecdysteroids and IGR in silkworm, Bombyx mori.
Personnel : Sashindran Nair K, Chinya PK
Project Period :1997-1998
Objectives :To determine the alterations in the biochemical profiles of silkworm under the influence of phytoecdysteroid.
Results/Recommendations :The biochemical changes in the tissues like haemolymph, fat body and posterior silk gland were studied on administering phytoecdysteroid, antijuvenoid and also juvenile hormone analogues. The study indicated that there exists a difference in the peak concentration of the primary and secondary metabolites in the tissues studied, between phytoecdysteroid treated and control batches. In anti-juvenoid treatment batches there was a marked increase in biochemical components all through the period after the treatment. A marked difference in concentration was also noticed in batches treated with JHA when compared with the control.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1997-98, Directory of Concluded Projects, CSRTI, Mysore 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Utilization of sericultural wastes to produce some valuable By-products-Production of protease (Proteolyte enzyme) from pupae waste through microbiological process-Isolation of suitable microorganisms from decomposed pupae waste.
Personnel : Nisha Gopal, Chinya PK, Ashok Kumar K
Project Period :1997-2000
Objectives :Waste pupae collected from grainages and reeling units were decomposed and the samples were plated on NA medium for proper growth of microorganisms.
Results/Recommendations :Approximately 1000 number of bacterial cultures was isolated randomly from pupae waste after decomposing with molasses in both aerobic as well as anaerobic condition. Through Serial Dilution Plating (10-7 and 10-8) successive screening and reporting purified individual stock was isolated and preserved in culture tube.
The bacterial cultures were assayed for its proteolytic enzyme activity by culturing on milk casein agar medium (milk 2%, peptone 0.5%, yeast extract 0.15%, meat extract 0.5%, Casein 2% and agar 1.7%) and tested for its efficacy for the production of protease by measuring the zone of clearance 3 days after incubation at 30°C. Among the 25 bacterial isolates, 17 were identified as gram positive and 8 as gram negative.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1997-2000
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Use of phytoecdysteroid for synchronization of spinning activities in silkworm.
Personnel : Kanika Trivedy, Sashindran Nair K, Chinya PK
Project Period :1997-2000
Objectives :Ecdysteroid from the plant, Sesuvium portulacastrum extracted and partially purified by BARC, Mumbai, was tested on silkworm to hasten the maturation events and to synchronize the spinning activities.
Results/Recommendations :Fortyfive plants known to contain ecdysone were identified, collected and ecdysteroids were extracted, partially purified, subjected to thin layer chromatography and HPLC and quantified level of 20-hydroxy ecdysone. From the above screening, two plants selected for large scale phytoecdysteroid extraction. After the repeated laboratory trials, dose was determined. In another set of experiment ecdysteroid from the plant, Sesuvium portulacastrum extracted and partially purified by BARC, Mumbai was confirmed through thin layer chromatography and HPLC with standard hormone and hormone brought from China and tested on silkworm to hasten the maturation events and to synchronize the spinning activities. It was administered orally to silkworm at the onset of spinning. Moulting hormone from China was also tested as positive control. Matured larvae were picked at an interval of 6 hr. Maturity percentage was consolidated and compared with that observed in positive control and untreated control. The larvae matured within 24-36 hr in treated batches compared to 48-72 hr in control.
Result showed that, in the phytoecdysteroid treated batches, 95% of the worms matured at 18h after the treatment whereas in control it took more than 42h. There was no significant adverse effect on the cocoon characters.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1998-99, 1999-2000
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Production of Lysine from pupae waste through microbiological process.
Personnel : Ashok Kumar K, Chinya PK, Nisha Dua
Project Period :1997-1999
Objectives :To study the estimate the lysine from pupae waste using Corynebacterium glutamicum collected from NCL pune.
Results/Recommendations :The pure stock of Corynebacterium glutamicum collected from NCL Pune incubated from 24 hr and 48 hr. The amount of lysine was quantified by TLC. The pure stock fermenting media containing defatted pupa powder as substrate replacing peptone-the costly requisite ingredient and submerged fermentation was carried out for 24h, 48h and 72h at 37°C to evaluate their efficiency in lysine production. Totally 18 efficient mutants were developed by treating (E1-E9 and V1-V9) parental stock of C. glutamicum with EMS (25g/ml) and exposing also through UV (short wave length 240-260/m). Among all E3, E4 and E9 from EMS mutants were shortlisted as best lysine producers and for UV developed mutants U9 and U7 were identified as best lysine products. At 48h of fermentation highest production of lysine was recorded for the mutants E3 (10g/lit) and U9 (7.5g/lit), respectively.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1997-99, Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore -2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Isolation/extraction of chitin and chitosan from pupa waste, cuticles, eggshell, rejected moth etc., and its purification.
Personnel : Chinya PK, Aswani Kumar C
Project Period :1999-2000
Objectives :Chitin and chitosan were extracted from pupal exuviate and rejected moths.
Results/Recommendations :To get the purified chitin repeated alkali treatment was made. Demineralization was carried out treating the deproteinised mass by HCl twice. Bleaching was done by 3% Sodium hypochlorite. Chitin and chitosan were assessed through IR spectrography at CFTRI, Mysore. It was noted that the compounds possess about 25% impurities in terms of protein.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1999-2000
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional and hormonal studies in relation to growth and reproduction in silkworm, Bombyx mori-Improvement in crop production-Biochemical studies on the influence of promising phytoecdysteroids and IGRs in silkworm.
Personnel :Sashindran Nair K, Chinya PK
Project Period :1997-1998
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :The biochemical changes in the tissue like haemolymph, fat body and posterior silk gland were studied on administering phytoecdysteroid, antijuvenoid and also juvenile hormone analogues. The study indicated that there exists a difference in the peak concentration of the primary and secondary metabolites in the tissues studied, between phytoecdysteroid treated and control batches. In anti-juvenoid treatment batches there was a marked increase in biochemical components all through the period after the treatment. A marked difference in concentration was also noticed in batches treated with JHA when compared with the control.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Formulation of semi-synthetic diet for silkworm rearing.
Personnel :Kanika Trivedy, Chinya PK, Ahsan MM
Project Period :1997-1999
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :During the period a total 450 diet formulations were made using locally available low cost ingredients such as Soya flour, groundnut cake, China grass etc, multi x bi silkworm rearing was tried on the diet up to second moult then shifted to mulberry from III-V instar and compare with the performance of the larvae reared throughout on mulberry leaf. Among all the diet formulations tested, the diet No.630 proved bettering respect of larval duration (25d), survival (98.15%) and growth parameters (larval weight 3.948 g) and was at par with that of the leaf rearing.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Utilization of mulberry sericulture wastes to produce some valuable byproducts-Isolation of suitable microorganisms from decomposed pupae waste-Screening and selection of microorganisms suitable for production of protease.
Personnel :Nisha Gopal, Chinya PK, Ashok Kumar K
Project Period :1997-2000
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :All cultivars were screened by in vitro culturing in petriplate containing milk agar media and incubated for 48 hours. 25 number cultures were identified as best protease producer through Lytic Zone Assay in the petriplate. On testing individually, 17 numbers were noted as gr +ve and 8 number as gr -ve bacteria.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Utilization of mulberry sericulture wastes to produce some valuable byproducts-Isolation of suitable microorganisms from decomposed pupae fermentation using pupae as raw material in media-Production of protease through microbial fermentation using pupae as raw material in media.
Personnel :Chinya PK, Ashok Kumar K
Project Period :1997-2000
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :The shortlisted bacterial cultivars individually incorporated in 5 ml of nutrient broth and incubated for 24 hr with constant stirring. When the microbial growth reached the maximum peak, inoculum was used for fermentation. Fermenting broth containing pupa powder as C and N structure was inoculated with the ready inoculum and fermentation was carried out for 24 hr, 48 hr, 72 hr with constant stirring. Protease activity was measured for individual culture at specific time for fermentation. Highest protease activity (141 U/ml) was noted in 6b at 72 hr of fermentation.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Utilization of mulberry sericulture wastes to produce some valuable byproducts-Isolation of suitable microorganisms from decomposed pupae waste-Purification of enzyme activity and its characterization.
Personnel :Chinya PK, Ashok Kumar K
Project Period :1997-2000
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :The culture 6b fermented broth was concentrated, dialysed and precipitated by 35-50% Ammonium sulphate saturation. When 50% saturation was made the protease activity reached to 586 g/ml. Highest protein percentage was obtained when 35% saturation was made. It was also found that the protease is of neutral nature as maximum activity was observed in phosphate buffer (pH-7). The purified protease while treated on raw silk (bivoltine) at 60°C for 3 hr degumming efficiency was noted as 12.5.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Utilization of mulberry sericulture wastes to produce some valuable byproducts-Production of lysine from pupae waste through microbiologial process-Production of lysine by fermentation using pupae protein hydrolysate as ingredient in continuous fermenting media and its quantification and characterization.
Personnel : Ashok Kumar K, Nisha Gopal, Chinya PK
Project Period :1997-2000
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Inoculum was prepared from each mutant stock individually and fermenting broth containing both defatted pupa powder and peptone (as control) were inoculated separately and submerged fermentation was carried out for 24, 48 and 72 hrs with constant orbital shaking at 37°C. At 48 hr of fermentation highest production of lysine was recorded for E3 (10g/l) and U9 (7.5 g/l) respectively. Though in the media containing peptone, the same mutant produced a little bit higher quantity of lysine (E3-1.25 g/l and U9-8.8 g/l) but utilization of pupa powder in fermenting media substituting peptone as substitute was found to be economically viable as a sum of Rs.11.96 can be saved to produce 10 g of lysine. It was done through ion exchange chromatography using Dower 50 column and quantification was made by paper and thin layer chromatography.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Utilization of mulberry sericulture wastes to produce some valuable byproducts-Isolation, purification and characterization of pectin from silkworm excreta-Extraction of pectin from silkworm excreta by modified method of Currie and Hayens and also following method developed in China.
Personnel :Chinya PK, Ashok Kumar K, Aswani Kumar C
Project Period :1997-2000
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Silkworm excreta after drying was ground to powder. The mass was treated with different concentration of HCl (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1 and 2N) for 2 hr at 90°C in water bath. After nitration residue was again treated with HCl twice. The whole nitrate was evaporated to 1/10th weight pectin precipitation was carried out by 90% alcohol. Highest was achieved when the treatment of excreta was made by 2N HCl followed by IN and 0.5N (7.9 and 7.1 respectively).
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Utilization of mulberry sericulture wastes to produce some valuable byproducts-Isolation, purification and characterization of chitin and its derivatives chitosan from sericulture wastes like pupal cuticle, egg shell, rejected moth etc-Isolation/extraction of chitin and chitosan from sericulture wastes like pupal cuticles, egg shell, rejected moth etc., and its purification.
Personnel :Chinya PK, Sashindran Nair K
Project Period :1997-2000
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Chitin and chitinase were extracted from pupal exuvial and rejected moth using the method developed by the scientist of CIFT, Kochi. Recovery of chitin and chitinase from dry silk moth was found to be 18.27 and 12.84% respectively. 3.7% extracted from pupal exuviae.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Screening and development of silkworm strains suitable for artificial diet (AIP-3139).
Personnel : Kanika Trivedy, Sashindran Nair K, Chinya PK
Project Period :1999-2004
Objectives :To find out breeds that have higher affinity towards artificial diet and to evolve breeds and subsequently hybrids suitable for rearing exclusively on artificial diet.
Results/Recommendations :Five bivoltine breeds viz., CSR2 (A), CSR4 (A), CSR18 (A), CSR19 (A) and NB4D2 (A) and eight multivoltine breeds viz., 96C (A), BL37 (A), BL44 (A), BL67 (A), BL68 (A), PM (A), BL24 (A), and C-Nichi (A) were reared (I-II instars on diet and III-V instars on mulberry (leaf) for the maintenance of breeders stock and large scale multiplication was done for two hybrids viz., CSR2(A) x CSR4(A) and its reciprocal and PM(A) x CSR2(A).
Source of Information :Annual Report :1999-04
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Evaluation of nutritive value of elite mulberry genotypes through dietary efficiency studies of silkworm.
Personnel : Kanika Trivedy, Sashindran Nair K, Aswani Kumar C
Project Period :1999-2002
Objectives :To identify nutritionally rich mulberry genotypes using silkworm feed efficiency as a tool.
Results/Recommendations :Seven mulberry genotypes viz., K2, AR10, AR11, AR12, AR14, BR2 and Morus multicaulis were assessed through dietary efficiency study of silkworm hybrid, CSR2 x CSR4. Results showed AR12 as nutritionally better than the check variety K2 its LSCR% was 37.630% more than of K2 (10.28% for K2 and 14.142% for AR12).
Source of Information :Annual Report :1999-2002
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Extraction and purification of phytoecdysteroids and its application in sericulture industry.
Personnel : Kanika Trivedy, Sashindran Nair K, Chinya PK, Jayaswal KP, Datta RK
Project Period :1999-2003
Objectives :To combat the non-uniform silkworm maturity, administration of ecdysteroid ot the V instar silkworm was planned so that the maturation events could be hastened and spinning activities could be synchronized.
Results/Recommendations :The phytoecdysteroid was tested for uniform spinning on multi x bivoltine hybrids viz., PM x C-Nichi, PM x NB4D2, PM x CSR19, PM x CSR5, BL24 x C-Nichi, BL67 x CSR101, BL67 X CSR102, BL67 xCSR105 and the bivoltine hybrids CSR2 x CSR4. Treated batches matured within 20-24h whereas the respective untreated controls took 44-53h to complete 100% maturation.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1999-2003
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :On farm trials-To test the efficacy of artificial diet on chawki silkworm. (RSRS, Kodathi)
Personnel : Shantala R, Shivashankar N, Magadum SB, Sikdar AK
Project Period :1999-2001
Objectives :To test the efficacy of artificial diet on chawki silkworm at the regional level.
Results/Recommendations :Five trials were conducted for 5 new hybrids along with controls. Acceptance percentage recorded ranged from 80-99% in diet fed batches.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :On farm trials-Effect of phyto ecdysteroid hormone on silkworm. (RSRS, Kodathi)
Personnel : Shantala R, Shivashankar N, Magadum SB, Sikdar AK
Project Period :1999-2001
Objectives :To study the effect of phytoecdysteroid hormone for uniform and early maturity.
Results/Recommendations :Four trials were conducted with bivoltine and cross breed for phyto ecdysone, Chinese hormone and control. Data indicated significantly 8 hours early maturity in hormone treated larvae compared to control.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Screening and development of silkworm strains suitable for artificial diet-Identification of efficient Japanese type/Chinese type/tropical breeds for artificial diet as breeding resource material.
Personnel :Kanika Trivedy, Chinya PK, Sashindran Nair K
Project Period :1999-2000
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Totally 117 breeds were screened for their acceptance of artificial diet for further breeding programme to evolve silkworm strains suitable for artificial diet 60 bivoltine pure breeds and 12 hybrids were screened for their acceptance of diet No.630. 25 bivoltine breeds were screened and shortlisted for their acceptance of artificial diet. Among these, 22 breeds showed acceptance of more than 30%. Among them eight breeds viz., CSR19, CSR26, CSR12, CSR2, JPN7, CSR20, CSR23 and CSR21 showed more than 70% acceptance i.e., 96.40, 90.41, 86.36, 82.00, 81.79, 79.21, 76.90 and 72.45 respectively. Among multivoltine breeds 21 showed more than 30% acceptance out of which, six breeds viz., BL44, BL68, BL67, BL37, BL69 and 96C showed more than 50% acceptance (56.82 to 85.75%) for artificial diet. All have been selected for breeding experiments.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Evaluation of silkworm breeds/hybrids, mulberry genotypes and some rearing practices using silkworm feed conversion efficiency as tool-Identification of nutritionally efficient breeds/hybrids-Identification of promising bivoltine breeds/hybrids, which are more efficient in feed conversion.
Personnel :Kanika Trivedy K, Sashindran Nair K
Project Period :1999-2004
Objectives : To determine the efficiency of feed conversion in 12 bivoltine hybrids
Results/Recommendations : The efficiency of feed conversion in 12 bivoltine hybrids viz., A x CSR5, A x CSR6, A x 935A, F x A1, G x CSR2, G x CSR13, G x CSR12, A3 x 935E (HSP1), A3 x 916B (HSP2) and KA x NB4D2 were tested. The results showed that except approximate digestibility (AD) no other parameters showed substantial improvement in the new hybrids when compared with KA x NB4D2. The AD percentage of A x 935A was 13% more than control.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Evaluation of silkworm breeds/hybrids, mulberry genotypes and some rearing practices using silkworm feed conversion efficiency as tool-Identification of nutritionally efficient breeds/hybrids-Identification of promising multivoltine breeds/hybrids which are more efficient in feed conversion.
Personnel :Kanika Trivedy, Sashindran Nair K
Project Period :1999-1999
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :The multi x bivoltine silkworm hybrids for irrigated mulberry viz., BL24 x NB4D2, BL62 x CSR2, BL65 x CSR5, BL67 x CSR5, BL68 x CSR5, BL69 x CSR5, 96A x CSR5, 96C x CSR5, 96N x CSR5 and PM x NB4D2 and that on rainfed mulberry viz., BL23 x NB4D2, BL23 x C. Nichi, BL24 x C.Nichi and PM x C.Nichi were tested for their efficiency in feed conversion. The combined results show that among first group of 10 hybrids BL68 x CSR5 was the best in feed conversion efficiency in feed conversion. The combined results showed that among first group of 10 hybrids BL68 x CSR5 was the best in feed conversion efficiency. Its leaf shell conversion rate (LSCR) was 10.27% more than that of control, PM x NB4D2 (9.18%). Among three hybrids (rainfed mulberry) BL23 x NB4D2 took 45.10% more ingested than the control PM x C.Nichi and the LCSR was more by 29.22%.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Evaluation of silkworm breeds/hybrids, mulberry genotype and some rearing practices using silkworm feed conversion efficiency as tool-Identification of nutritionally efficient breeds/hybrids-Identification of promising multivoltine breeds/hybrids which are more efficient in feed conversion.
Personnel : Sashindran Nair K, Kanika Trivedy, Jula SN, Jayaswal KP
Project Period :2000-2000
Objectives :To determine the efficiency of feed conversion in 6 multivoltine pure breeds.
Results/Recommendations :Six multivoltine pure breeds meant for rearing under irrigated condition namely 96C, 96H, BL24, BL43, BL67 and PM and two breeds from rainfed areas namely, RD1 and C.Nichi were subjected to the nutritional efficiency test. The combined results of the two trials conducted showed that 96H was best among the breeds meant for irrigated mulberry when compared with the popular multivoltine breed PM (control), in terms of LSCR. The improvement in LCSR (%) was to the tune of 39.44 in 96H. (96H:10.073%, PM:7.224%). However, between RD1 and C.Nichi, lower value of LSCR% was recorded in RD1 (7.581%) than that of C.Nichi (8.135%).
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Evaluation of silkworm breeds/hybrids, mulberry genotype and some rearing practices using silkworm feed conversion efficiency as tool-Evaluation of nutritive value of different mulberry genotype through dietary efficiency studies of silkworm.
Personnel :Aswani Kumar C, Kanika Trivedy, Mogili T, Chinya PK
Project Period :1999-2004
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Seven mulberry genotypes (G1 to G7) were subjected to feed efficiency test to evaluate their nutritive value. The bivoltine silkworm hybrid, CSR2 x CSR5 was utilized for the study. Pooled data of two trials showed that G3 (Morus multicaulis x K2-4x) is nutritionally better than the check variety, V1. Leaf silk conversion rate (LSCR%) of G3 was 5.04% (10.842%) more as compared to V1 (10.322%).
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Evaluation of silkworm breeds/hybrids, mulberry genotype and some rearing practices using silkworm feed conversion efficiency as tool-Identification of nutritionally efficient breeds/hybrids-Identification of promising bivoltine breeds/hybrids which are more efficient in feed conversion.
Personnel : Sashindran Nair K, Kanika Trivedy, Jula SN, Jayaswal KP
Project Period :2000-2004
Objectives :To determine the efficiency of feed conversion in 6 new bivoltine hybrids
Results/Recommendations :6 new bivoltine hybrids viz., SD4, SD7, SD9, SD10, SD11 and SD14 were tested against their respective controls with normal larval duration. All the major indices of nutritional efficiency were determined gravimetrically. The combined results of two trials showed that among the shorter larva duration breeds SD4 was the best (9.991%) in terms of leaf silk conversion rate (LSCR percentage). But when these shorter larval duration breeds were compared with their respective controls, SD7 appeared the best in terms of LSCR percentage and it showed an improvement of 8.84% over its control. (SD7: 8.965%, control: 8.237%).
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Preparation of semi-synthetic diet, supply and co-ordinating rearing up to diet phase.
Personnel : Kanika Trivedy, Ramesh M, Jayaswal KP
Project Period :2001-2002
Objectives :Raw ingredients were processed and about 270 kg of diet was prepared.
Results/Recommendations :21 test diets were prepared using different mulberry varieties viz., V1, S36, K2, S13, S30, S34 and Morus multicaulis of different ages (tender, medium, coarse). Maximum growth was observed with tender leaf of Morus multicaulis variety in both the instars.
Source of Information :Annual Report :2001-02
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Breeding of bivoltine pure breeds/hybrids suitable for artificial diet.
Personnel : Nirmal Kumar S, Mal Reddy, Nisha Gopal
Project Period :2001-2003
Objectives :During the period, five bivoltine breeds viz., CSR2A, CSR4A, CSR18A, CSR19A and NB4D2A were reared for six generations to improve the acceptability on semi-synthetic diet.
Results/Recommendations :The acceptance of breeds/hybrids to diet ranged from 95 to 99%. The hybrids (CSR2A x CSR4A, CSR18Ax CSR19A and their reciprocals) recorded cocoon weight from 1.659-1.958g, shell weight from 0.344-0.411 and SR% from 20.52-22.73.
Source of Information :Annual Report :2001-02, 2002-03
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Breeding of multivoltine pure breeds/hybrids suitable for artificial diet.
Personnel : Nirmal Kumar S, Sashindran Nair K, Kariappa BK
Project Period :2001-2003
Objectives :To improve the acceptability of multivoltine silkworm to semi-synthetic diet, four multivoltine breeds BL67A, BL68A, 96CA and BL44A were reared for six generations.
Results/Recommendations :All the breeds are now showing 90-99% acceptance to diet. The hybrids (BL67A x CSR101A, 96CA x CSR18A, PMA x NB4D2A, PMA x CSR2A and PMA x C-Nichi A) showed cocoon weight ranging from 1.433 to 2.150g, shell weight from 0.197 to 0.443 and SR% from 13.74 to 21.25.
Source of Information :Annual Report :2001-02, 2002-03
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Testing of phytoecdysteroid at farmer's level.
Personnel : Sashindran Nair K, Kanika Trivedy, Jayaswal KP
Project Period :2001-2003
Objectives :Semi-purified phyto-ecdysteroid from farmers trial was supplied to different RSRS.
Results/Recommendations :The phytoecdysteroid formulation "Sampoorna" developed by the Institute for uniform maturation was tested with 195 farmers and in CSRTI/NSSP farms at different locations. A total of 80,468 dfls were tested. Results showed 12-24 hrs early maturation in treated batches without affecting the crop performance.
Source of Information :Annual Report :2001-03
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Study on the effect of phytoecdysteroid on seed performance of silkworm Bombyx mori L.
Personnel :Anindita Dhar, Nirmal Kumar S
Project Period :2001-2002
Objectives :To determine the effect of phytoecdysteroid on seed crop performance and effect on the economic parameters like silkworm cocoon weight, shell weight and shell ratio.
Results/Recommendations :
· It is confirmed from the present study that application of this hormone in early stage of 5th instar though induced early and uniform spinning behaviour by reducing crop loss and increasing cocoon yield, there was an adverse effect on the economic parameters like cocoon weight, shell weight and also on fecundity.
· Application of this hormone in late stage of 5th instar showed non-significant variations in some characters like cocoon weight, shell weight, shell ratio% and fecundity.
· So it can be concluded that the farmers can use phytoecdysteroid safely at onset of spinning for uniform mature as there is no significant effect on the economic parameters of the cocoons and even they can use the hormone regularly at this time.
Source of Information :M.Sc.Dissertation, 2002
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Comparative analysis of genetic diversity in the digestive amylase profile in different silkworm breeds.
Personnel : Ratnabali Dey, Ashwath SK, Morrison MN
Project Period :2002-2003
Objectives :
· To understand the genetic diversity in the activity and isozyme pattern of cathodic fractions of digestive amylase enzyme.
· To compare the enzyme profile between the indigenous and evolved breeds for identification of prospective parents for breeding programmes.
· To study the status of hybrid vigour in the enzyme activity in the authorized hybrids for short-listing promising hybrids.
Results/Recommendations :The correlation of amylase activity clearly indicating that digestive amylase enzyme could play an important role in the survival of silkworm breeds. Hence the study has underscored the utility of amylase enzyme as a marker in silkworm breeding for the development of robust bivoltine breeds.
Source of Information :M.Sc.Dissertation, 2003
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on comparative performance of silkworms reared on semi-synthetic diet and mulberry leaves.
Personnel :Mousumi Mondal, Nirmal Kumar S
Project Period :2002-2003
Objectives :To study the comparative performance of silkworm reared on semi synthetic diet and mulberry leaves.
Results/Recommendations :From the study, it is concluded that the breeds evolved specially for diet feeding can only respond to the diet from the day of brushing, digest and ingest to the full extent, when these larvae are shifted to leaf they continue to grow robustly and uniformly and results in better cocoon and silk production. On the other hand, the regular leaf breed/hybrids can not respond to the diet and they progress very slowly and ultimately not reaching the cocoon stage.
Source of Information :M.Sc.Dissertation, 2003
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on the effect of antibiotic administration on feed conversion efficiency and commercial parameters in new bivoltine and multivoltine hybrid races of silkworm Bombyx mori L.
Personnel : Padmanav Nayak, Rahmathulla VK
Project Period :2002-2003
Objectives :To determine the effect of antibiotic administration (Norfloxacin) in feed conversion efficiency and commercial characters of the above mentioned bivoltine hybrid and cross breed.
Results/Recommendations :The results concluded that the antibiotic Norfloxacin administration during larval period helped the silkworm in a beneficial way leading to increased food conversion and quality silk production. The increased conversion of food into body matter and cocoon must be due to higher assimilation and increased feed conversion efficiency, though food intake of treated batches were on par with control. Silk conversion efficiency is having paramount importance practical sericulture and it is an important factor to be considered for evaluating the economic parameters of a silkworm race under different condition.
Source of Information :M.Sc.Dissertations, 2003
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Role of temperature in the larval maturation process of silkworm Bombyx mori L on administration of phytoecdysteroid.
Personnel : Jagat Rabha, Nirmal Kumar S
Project Period :2003-2004
Objectives :To study the influence of temperature on the mounting duration in the ecdysteroid treated silkworm larvae.
Results/Recommendations :
· The bivoltine silkworm treated and maintained at low temperature took 30-42h depending on the time of treatment for complete maturation while at medium temperature it was 30-36. The time required for complete maturation shrunk to 6-24 in the high temperature. In the multi x bivoltine hybrid when treated and maintained at low, medium and high temperature, the time required for complete maturation was 36-42h, 24-30h and 12-24h respectively.
· The response to treatment at low temperature was better in bivoltine hybrid than multi x bivoltine hybrid when compared with the respective control.
Source of Information :M.Sc.Dissertations, 2004
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Collection and identification of plants containing juvenile hormone standardization of the procedure and testing at the laboratory.
Personnel : Nisha Gopal, Sashindran Nair K, Nirmal Kumar S
Project Period :2003-2005
Objectives :To identify the presence of JH, the crude extracts were applied on the Dysdercus nymph (5th instar).
Results/Recommendations :16 plants showed juvenilising effect on the bugs. The maximum activity was observed in extract No.P6 followed by P12, P7, P2, P1, P8, P20, P16, P17 and P11. The plant extracts also affected several morphological features.
Source of Information :Annual Report :2003-05
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Construction of growth index for bivoltine silkworm hybrids of Bombyx mori L. under different nutritional conditions.
Personnel : Ramesh M, Nisha Gopal, Nirmal Kumar S
Project Period :2003-2004
Objectives :Two bivoltine hybrids CSR2 x CSR4 and CSR18 x CSR19 and their reciprocals were studied by brushing on V1, S36 and Nutrid separately.
Results/Recommendations :
· The results of 3 trials indicate there was no significant difference in moulting period and feeding period in young instar between leaf and diet fed batches.
· The logistic growth curves of the hybrids CSR2 x CSR4 in three different treatments revealed similar growth trend irrespective of treatments. Other hybrid showed similar trend in growth pattern.
Source of Information :Annual Report :2003-04
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Feed conversion efficiency of new productive bivoltine hybrid (CSR 16 x CSR17) silkworm, Bombyx mori L.
Personnel : Rajini Devi, Rahmathulla VK
Project Period :2003-2004
Objectives :To evaluate the feed conversion efficiency of the newly evolved bivoltine hybrid (CSR16 x CSR17).
Results/Recommendations :The results indicate that newly evolved and authorized bivoltine hybrid race (CSR16 x CSR17) is superior in feed conversion efficiency parameters eventhough the intake of food is less comparing with CSR2 x CSR4. Less quantum of ingesta required to produce one gm of cocoon in CSR16 x CSR17 shows that more productivity and superiority of the race. So, that the new race (CSR16 x CSR17) can be recommended to rear during favourable climatic conditions to utilize the efficiency of the race.
Source of Information :M.Sc.Dissertations, 2004
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Influence of different treatment regimes of phytoecdysteroid on silkworm.
Personnel :Sumana Mondol, Nirmal Kumar S
Project Period :2004-2005
Objectives :To determine the impact of phytoecdysteroid on larval and mounting duration when it is administered in different time period in 5th instar starting from resumption.
Results/Recommendations :The administration of phytoecdysteroid done at the o hr of 5th instar improved the cocoon yield along with prolonging the period compared to the control. Therefore the ecdysteroid plays a major role in hastening the larval maturation process and synchronizing the cocoon spinning activities.
Source of Information :M.Sc.Dissertations, 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Effect of folic acid administration on nutritional efficiency and economic characters of bivoltine hybrid silkworm (Bombyx mori L).
Personnel :Priyabrata Das, Rahmathulla VK
Project Period :2004-2005
Objectives :To evaluate the effect of folic acid administration on feed conversion efficiencies and commercial parameters in new bivoltine races of silkworm Bombyx mori L.
Results/Recommendations :The study results indicated that to boost up qualitative and quantitative silk production, some supplements are essential to silkworm in addition to their natural food depending upon nutritional and agro climatic condition.
Source of Information :M.Sc.Dissertations, 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Maintenance of bivoltine and multivoltine semi-synthetic diet silkworms strains for original breed characters–Maintenance of bivoltine semi-synthetic diet breeds for original breed characters.
Personnel :Kanika Trivedy, Morrison MN, Nirmal Kumar S
Project Period :2004-2006
Objectives :To maintain bivoltine semi-synthetic diet silkworm strains for original breed characters and for downstream multiplication.
Results/Recommendations :Two trials of bivoltine breeds viz., CSR2(A), CSR4(A), CSR18(A), CSR19(A), CSR5(A), CSR2(SL) and NB4D2(A) were conducted on semi-synthetic diet to maintain silkworm strains for their original breeds characters. The cocoon weight ranged from 1.592 to 1.988 g, shell weight from 0.338 to 0.450 and SR% from 20.80 to 23.95.
Source of Information : Annual Report: 2005-2006
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Maintenance of bivoltine and multivoltine semi-synthetic diet silkworms strains for original breed characters–Maintenance of multivoltine semi-synthetic diet breeds for original breed characters.
Personnel :Ramesh M, Kanika Trivedy, Nirmal Kumar S
Project Period: 2004-2006
Objectives : To maintain multivoltine semi-synthetic diet silkworm strains for original breed characters and for downstream multiplication.
Results/Recommendations :6 trials were completed under multivoltine breed maintenance. The 5 breeds namely BL67 (A), ND7(A), PM(A), C.Nichi (A) and 96C(A) were maintained as multivoltine parental stock. The cocoon weight ranged from 1.083 to 1.457g. Shell weight from 0.124 to 0.237 and SR% from11.45 to16.88.
Source of Information : Annual Report: 2005-2006
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on the effect of phytoecdysteroid on seed crop performance of silkworm Bombyx mori L.
Personnel:Sashindran Nair K, Morrison MN, Nirmal Kumar S, Mallikarjuna, Sabitha N
Project Period :2004-2005
Objectives :To evaluate the effect of phytoecdysteroid for pure breed silkworm rearing and to determine the effects on grainage parameters and egg recovery.
Results/Recommendations :Three trials were conducted with four seed crop farmers in and around Mysore. Fifty dfls each of CSR2 and CSR4 were considered for administration of phytoecdysteroid and equal number of dfls were maintained as control for comparison of the results. Phytoecdysteroid was administered to the silkworms per os at the set of spinning at the rate of 100 mg/100 dfls in four litres of water through mulberry leaf.
Larval maturation was hastened in the treated lot and mounting duration was shortened by 18-24 h. A similar synchronization was also observed in the moth emergence pattern. In the case of treated lots the peak emergence was on second day while in the case of control the same was on 3rd day.
The cocoon and shell weights were marginally improved by the treatment in CSR2 with clear positive change in the case of pupal survival and number of cocoons per kg. Egg recovery though showed marginal decline by 3.5% in the treated lot it was not significant. In the case of CSR4 also, cocoon and shell weights showed marginal improvement with significant positive changes in pupal survival and number of cocoons/kg. Egg recovery showed a significant improvement by 9.28% in the treated lot.
Project Outcome :It is recommended that the seed crop rearers also can use phytoecdysteroid for hastening larval maturation and synchronized cocoon spinning as it does not have any adverse effect on the grainage traits.
Source of Information : Annual Report: 2004-2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on the influence of phytochemicals on the reproductive parameters of silk moth Bombyx mori L (AIP-3298).
Personnel :Morrison MN, Nirmal Kumar S
Project Period :2004-2006
Objectives :To increase the egg development and oviposition by providing phytolipids such as triglycerides and phospholipids.
Results/Recommendations :Twenty plant (P12-P31) were collected and extracted crude phytolipids using Soxhlet apparatus using different solvents. The crude lipids were subjected to column chromatography using 100-200µ mesh size silica gel. Fractions of crude Triglyceride (F1) and crude phospholipids (F2) were separated using two different solvents and the fractions were orally fed to the 5th instar silkworms from three days commencing from 24 hours to 72 hours. The synthetic triglycerides were also fed to the silkworms during the 5th instar duration and the fecundity was observed in all the treatments.
The results indicated tristearin had an effect to the tune of 13-16% in improving the fecundity as compared to tripalmitin. Keeping this as standard, crude purified extract would be evaluated for shortlisting botanicals.
Source of Information : Annual Report: 2005-2006
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Popularization of JHA, SB-515 for improvement in cocoon and silk yield in silkworm Bombyx mori in the sericultural states of Southern India.
Personnel : Sashindran Nair K, Nisha Gopal, Nirmal Kumar S
Project Period :2004-2006
Objectives :To demonstrate and popularize the use of JHA on silkworm to improve productivity.
Results/Recommendations :During the year, the crops of 99 farmers were treated with JHA covering 21,813 dffs in five areas belonging to Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The improvement in cocoon weight on JHA treatment ranged from 3.63 to 18 and that in shell weight from 54.59 to 28.75%. There was no notable difference in the shell percentage between control and treatments. The yield per 100 dfls ranged from 62.60 to 70.70 kg/100 dfls except in Gopichettipalayam where the yield was 46.91 kg per 100 dfls due to low larval population. The gross return per 100 dfls ranged from Rs.10,235 to Rs.19,841.
Source of Information : Annual Report: 2005-2006
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Nutritional and hormonal studies in relation to growth and reproduction-Studies on insect growth regulators for improvement of economic parameters in silkworm.
Project Period : 1990-1994
Objectives :Juvenile hormone analogues are used for the improvement of economical parameters of silkworm.
Results/Recommendations :The efficiency of feed utilization of silkworm treated with BK and BME in PM x NB4D2 and NB4D2 x KA hybrids were studied. There was no difference in the ingesta and digesta of treated and control batches which in turn means that the quantum of food consumed by both was same. Efficiency of conversion of ingesta (ECI) was significantly low in both the hormone treated batches of both the hybrids. Efficiency of conversion of digesta (ECD) was significantly low and consumption index (C1) was significantly high in PM x NB4D2 batch where as CI was low in NB4D2 x KA batch treated with BK. Other parameters like approximate digestibility (AD), Reference ratio (ER), ECI to cocoon and shell and ECD to cocoon and shell did not differ significantly between control and treated batches. The results confirms that BK and BME act as JHA in improving economic parameters viz., cocoon weight and shell weight by increasing C1.
Source of Information :Annual Report :1990-94
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Estimation of glycogen in silkworm eggs of different breeds in relation to seasons.
Project Period:1990-1991
Objectives :The seed glycogen of different bivoltine acid multivoltine races was estimated in rainy and winter season.
Results/Recommendations :The glycogen content in the eggs of NB18, NB4D2, NB7 and KA races procured from P1, P2, P3 and P4 were analyzed during rainy, winter and summer seasons. The eggs of P3 and P4 batches had more glycogen over P1 and P2. The order of races according to glycogen content were NB4D2>NB18>NB7>KA.
The results suggested that though the above economic parameters are not affected in response of the variation in the glycogen content of the egg. The ERR is found better in the batches reared from the eggs with more glycogen levels (P3 & P4).
Source of Information :Annual Report :1990-91
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Effect of ascorbic acid on the economic characters of Silkworm Bombyx mori L
Personnel :Animesh Chakraborty, Nirmal Kumar S, Kanika Trivedy
Project Period :2005-2006
Objectives :To evaluate the influence of Ascorbic acid (Vit.C) administration during 5th instar larval stage of popular BV hybrids (CSR2 x CSR4) and Multi x BV hybrids (PM x CSR2) on economic characters.
Results/Recommendations :It can be concluded that 0.5% ascorbic acid be supplemented with medium to improve the economic characters of CSR2 x CSR4 hybrid and 3% ascorbic acid for PM x CSR2 hybrid.
Source of Information :M.Sc. Dissertation 2006
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