Mulberry Breeding
Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on the lobation pattern in Local mulberry.
Project Period :1963-1964
Objectives :To study the propagation values in clones raised from plants with lobed and entire margined leaves.
Results/Recommendations :The shoot developed from the auxiliary bud of a defined pattern of leaf did not possess the same pattern of leaves.
Source of Information : Annual Report:1963-64
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Improvement of mulberry by selection and hybridization: Hybridization and selection.
Personnel : Sastry CR, Verma RS, Rao JVK
Project Period :1967-1972
Objectives :To study the leaf yield from F1 population of different hybrids compared to Kanva-2, local and Berhampore varieties.
Results/Recommendations :The increase in leaf yield during this year ranges from 109-156 percent and from 61-106 percent on an average for two years.
Source of information :1971-72
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Improvement of mulberry by selection and Hybridization: Improvement of mulberry by seedling selection.
Personnel : Sastry CR, Verma RS, Rao JVK
Project Period :1968-1974
Objectives :To synthesize improved strains of mulberry over existing Kanva-2 variety.
Results/Recommendations :Selection No.54 gave the maximum yield of leaves of 6.786 kgs/plant/yr. However, comparison of the data collected for the last four years has revealed that S54 gave an increased yield of 43% over K2.
Source of Information : Annual Report:1973-74
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title : Mutation Breeding: Chemical mutagenesis.
Personnel : Sastry CR, Rao JVK, Rajagopalan Raju
Project Period :1969-1976
Objectives :To induce mutations through chemicals acting in the molecular level.
Results/Recommendations : Ethyl-Methane-Sulphonate which is considered to be one of the mutagenic chemicals that effectively induce mutations has been used to induce mutations for desirable characters in mulberry.
All the three strains viz., S29 (3.716 kg/plant), S36 (3.460 kg/plant), and S54 (5.175 kg/plant) have yielded more leaf than Kanva-2. S54 has consistently given 40% increased leaf yield over K2.
Source of Information : Annual Report:1975-76
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Collection and maintenance of mulberry germplasm for purposes of breeding, selection and adaptation programme.
Personnel : Sastry CR, Verma RS, Rao JVK, Rajagopalan Raju, Balachandra L, Jolly MS, Dandin SB, Kumar R, Ravindran S, Jain AK, Sikdar AK, Susheelamma BN, Dwivedi NK, Mala VR, Balakrishna R
Project Period :1970-1989
Objectives :
· To collect the mulberry varieties from different sources and evaluate the material for desirable characters.
· To increase the basic variability and to enrich the germplasm as a source material to exploit the available variation in cultivated and wild varieties
Results/Recommendations : At present 400 accessions of mulberry have been established. Of these 182 are indigenous, 117 are exotic and 101 are elite hybrids.
Source of Information : Annual Report:1970-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Experiments on seedling selection from open pollinated hybrid populations.
Personnel :.Sastry CR, Rao JVK, Rajagopalan Raju
Project Period :1973-1981
Objectives :To select improved strains from a population of open pollinated seedlings.
Results/Recommendations :
· Out of 190 open pollinated seedlings 35 seedlings were selected initially based on their growth habits and ultimately 6 plants were selected after thorough screening for their desirable traits and multiplied in the nursery.
· Out of 900 open-pollinated seedlings, 62 plants were selected initially and after further screening 23 plants have been selected.
· In order to study the leaf yield behaviour of the earlier selected high yielding rainfed varieties viz., RFS135 and RFS175, the growth observations were made and it is observed that desirable traits are better in these varieties.
Source of Information :Annual Report-1974-81
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Experiments on FYTs of the evolved varieties of mulberry under different conditions.
Personnel :Sastry CR, Rao JVK
Project Period :1974-1981
Objectives :To establish the superiority of evolved strains under package of practices.
Results/Recommendations :S36 has out yielded other varieties and S54 as the second high yielder, followed by S30, OPH, S41, AB x Phil and EB x Kosen respectively. By comparing the first and second year yield data, the leaf yielding trend seems to follow more or less a same pattern in both the years.
Source of Information :Annual Report-1975-81
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Co-ordinated rearings to judge the quality of leaf from evolved varieties.
Personnel : Sastry CR, Subba Rao DG, Rao JVK
Project Period :1974-1977
Objectives :To study the effect of leaves from improved strains on the silkworm rearing, cocoon yield and cocoon characteristics.
Results/Recommendations :The overall performance of silkworms fed with the leaves from improved strains is superior. But results were obtained on par when the worms were fed with the leaves of S30, S36 and Assambola x Philippine (P7) in all respects.
Source of Information :Annual Report-1976-77
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies with auxin/hormones for inducing better rooting/growth etc.
Personnel : Rajagopalan Raju, Sanjappa M, Suhasini K
Project Period :1978-1982
Objectives :To study the effect of different growth hormones.
Results/Recommendations :
· The rooting was highly significant when cuttings were treated with 'atonic' 1:4000 concentration for 12 hrs.
· The same treatment has given maximum proliferation of root system which is one of the important characters for better plant establishment.
· It shows better rooting with 2.4-D and IAA treatment.
· Treatment with cow dung water has not shown any improvement.
Source of Information :Annual Report: 1981-82
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Observation on the variations in chemical composition of mulberry leaves exposed to total solar eclipse during '80
Project Period :1979-1980
Objectives :To study the impact of solar eclipse on leaf quality of mulberry.
Results/Recommendations :The mulberry leaves exposed to the eclipse recorded a reduction in crude protein content and total mineral content.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1979-80
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of improved varieties-Pollen viability studies.
Project Period:1980-1981
Objectives :Studies on pollen viability for improvement of mulberry varieties.
Results/Recommendations :To utilize the two good Japanese male varieties viz., Kosen and Goshoerami and an indigenous variety I-19 as male parents, studies on pollen fertility and pollen viability were conducted. Studies on pollen viability were conducted by using different media like Fructose, Glucose and Sucrose at various concentrations ranging from 5% to 30% supplemented with Boric acid of 5 to 100 ppm concentrations. Better results of 71% pollen viability was obtained by using 5% glucose in variety I-19
Source of Information :Annual Report:1980-81
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Collection, conservation and evaluation of gene pool in mulberry-Collection of exotic varieties of mulberry from both temperate and tropical zones of the world.
Personnel :Jolly MS, Rajagopalan Raju
Project Period:1980-1982
Results/Recommendations :30 fresh cuttings of SHRIM2, SHRIM5 & SHRIM8 were received from Bangladesh and 13 Japanese varieties have been brought from Japan.
· Japanese mulberry varieties failed to root under normal conditions inspite of their good initial sprouting.
· Materials as root grafts showed higher percentage of survival than bud grafts.
· 'Atonik' (root hormone) proved better in inducing roots for many Japanese varieties.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1981-82
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Collection, conservation and evaluation of gene pool of mulberry.
Personnel :Dandin SB, Rajendra Kumar, Dwivedi NK
Project Period :1980-1985
Objectives :Addition of new accessions of mulberry to the germplasm bank.
Results/Recommendations :63 indigenous accessions and 33 exotic accessions were collected bringing the total collection to 233 (84 indigenous + 48 exotic + 101 hybrids).
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of improved varieties through controlled hybridization-Hybridization among promising varieties for combining desirable characters.
Personnel :Dandin SB, Rajendra Kumar
Project Period :1980-1985
Objectives :To study the combining ability of desirable traits in promising mulberry varieties.
Results/Recommendations :A total of 2870 seedlings from different crosses were screened in four series (ABCD) and 269 selected on growth characters, out of which 23 were isolated based on rooting and sprouting and included in yield trials. Under series E, 400 seedlings were evaluated and 31 were selected.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Collection, conservation and evaluation of gene pool in mulberry-Cytotaxonomic studies of the gene pool of mulberry.
Personnel :Dandin SB, Rajendra Kumar, Susheelamma BN
Project Period :1982-1988
Objectives :To study the chromosome number, ploidy levels, karyotype complement etc., so as to have a clear understanding of the phylogenetic relationship among varieties and selection of suitable material for polyploidization and controlled hybridization.
Results/Recommendations : Studies revealed that the somatic chromosomes are small in all the strains. The relative chromatin length ranged between 96.5 mµ to 131.0 mµ. Out of the 10 varieties 5 were diploids with 2n=28, 2 were triploids with 42 chromosomes. A pair of satellite chromosomes was observed in 2 varieties.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1987-88
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evaluation of germplasm materials for growth and yield parameters.
Personnel :Dandin SB, Rajendra Kumar, Susheelamma BN, Dwivedi NK, Mallikarjunappa RS
Project Period :1982-1986
Objectives :Evaluation of different varieties of mulberry varieties for growth/yield parameters.
Results/Recommendations :Sprouting and rooting characters were scored for 30 germplasm accessions which were newly established. Of these 11 varieties have exhibited rooting of above 50%. Growth and yield attributes such as height of the branches, internodal distance, leaf area, moisture percentage and leaf-petiole ratio were scored for 45 varieties.
The internodal distance ranges from 2.47 cm (Acc.102) to 7.69 cm (Acc.166). The lamina-petiole ratio (by wt.) was maximum (92.9:7.1) in Acc.119 and was lowest in Acc.125 (83.42:16.58). The average leaf area ranged from 328.06 sq.cm. to 46.30 sq. cm. in Acc.166 and Acc. 117 respectively. On the other hand, moisture content was maximum (80.97%) in Acc.102 and was minimum in Acc.115 (60.97%).
Source of Information : Annual Report:1985-86
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of improved varieties through controlled hybridization-Studies on floral biology and breeding behaviour of different mulberry cultivars.
Personnel : Jolly MS, Dandin SB, Rajagopalan Raju, Susheelamma BN
Project Period :1982-1985
Objectives :To study the physiology of flowering anthesis, pollen fertility and stigma receptivity of different mulberry cultivars.
Results/Recommendations : Floral biology was studied in 60 germplasm accessions, out of which 34 females, 15 males and 11 monoecious accessions were identified. Studies indicated that time taken for emergence was 7-8 days and time taken for dehiscence of anthers was 3-9 days after maturity. Opening of florets was basipetalous and confined to morning hours. Pollen fertility was 35-96% and in most cases it was around 80%. Pollen germination studies indicated that 5% sucrose had induced maximum pollen tube elongation in varieties viz., RFS135, S799, C776 and Acc.165, while 10% sucrose induced maximum tube elongation in RFS 175, local and S1. However, in different combinations of boric acid, IAA, GA3 the above varieties responded differently.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1984-85
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of improved varieties through controlled hybridization-Effect of growth regulators on expression of sex of certain mulberry varieties.
Personnel : Dandin SB, Rajendrakumar
Project Period :1982-1988
Objectives :To change the sex of some desirable varieties for further hybridization programme.
Results/Recommendations :Female varieties of Morus australis, Sujanpur-5, Morus nigra and S769 were treated with CCC and MH (250 and 500 ppm). Male varieties viz., S741, MS3, Acc.138 and RFS135 were treated with salicylic acid and TIBA (250 and 500 ppm). None of the treatments induced sex- reversal.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1982-88
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Mutation breeding for improvement of mulberry-Effect of different physical mutagens on induction of variability in mulberry.
Personnel : Dandin SB, Balakrishna R, Ravindran S, Jain AK
Project Period :1982-1989
Objectives :
· Improvement of mulberry by induced hereditary changes by mutagens which are usually stable, leading to new traits.
· To induce desirable genetic variation by physical and chemical mutagens in a short time for mulberry improvement program.
Results/Recommendations :Seeds and cuttings were irradiated by Gamma rays. Cuttings of K2, Local and S30 variety were treated with 3, 4 & 5 kr and seeds (OPH) of S30, Local and LRT55 were treated with 6, 9, 12 & 15 kr. 3 kr for cuttings and 6 kr for seeds were found suitable.
To determine the lethal dose of γ-rays on mulberry seeds was initiated. Different doses from 1 to 100 kr were tried. The germination percentage was found to be higher in irradiated seeds than in control irrespective of the dosage, thereby indicating the stimulative effect of gamma rays. Though germination was found in seed treated with 100 kr, meristem of radical was adversely affected above 5 kr.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1987-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of polyploids for better quality-Induction of Autotetraploidy.
Personnel : Sikdar AK, Dwivedi NK, Dandin SB
Project Period :1982-1985
Objectives :To improve the nutritive quality and yield of the popular tropical mulberry varieties by induction of auto tetraploidy and subsequently evolving triploids.
Results/Recommndations: Tetraploidy was induced in local, Kanva-2, S30, S36, S41, Mandalaya, RFS-135, Acc.116 and Acc.124 varieties by Colchicine treatment using cotton swab method. Most of the induced tetroploids reverted back to Mixoploidy and diploid level. The remaining stable autoploids of S30, S36, S41 and RFS135 were utilized for hybridization programme. Tetraploidy was confirmed by stomatal chloroplast count and cytology.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1982-85
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of polyploids of mulberry for better quality-Evolution of triploids by hybridization among the different ploidy levels.
Personnel : Sikdar AK, Dwivedi NK, Dandin SB
Project Period :1982-1985
Objectives :To evolve triploids by crossing desirable diploids with induced tetraploids.
Results/Recommendations: Initially, male and female catkins were treated with different concentrations of colchicines to diplodize the gametes at the time of sporogenesis and crossed with normal ones. A total of 644 seedlings were raised in three batches from tetraploid x diploid crosses. In first batch 6 and in second batch 9 seedlings were selected.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1984-85
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on the characters associated with drought avoidance/resistance-Studies on the morphological and anatomical features.
Personnel : Susheelamma BN, Sikdar AK, Jalaja SK, Dwivedi NK
Project Period :1982-1988
Objectives :To find out the genetic variability in germplasm accessions, for the characters associated with drought avoidance such as frequency and size of stomata, cuticle and leaf thickness, proportion of palisade and spongy parenchyma tissues, and to make use of these materials to evaluate the yield potential under stress condition and for breeding programme.
Results/Recommendations :54 germplasm accessions were studied for stomatal frequency and stomatal size while 49 germplasm accessions were studied for cuticle thickness, total thickness of palisade and spongy parenchyma tissues and leaf thickness.
50 germplasm accessions were studied for morphological and anatomical features of leaves and they were correlated to each other. Stomatal size showed highly significant positive correlation with leaf thickness.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1987-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on the characters associated with drought avoidance/resistance-Studies on root proliferation.
Personnel : Sikdar AK, Susheelamma BN, Dwivedi NK, Jalaja SK
Project Period :1982-89
Objectives :Root proliferation study of different mulberry cultivars.
Results/Recommendations :This study is an important one, while screening for drought avoidance, as deep and extensive root system enables plant to extract soil moisture from deeper layers of soil during moisture stress.50 new germplasm accessions were evaluated for root proliferation and correlation studies were made.
Correlation Values:
· Root length Vs dry wt. of root - 0.8733
· Root length Vs Root shoot ratio by wt - 0.8264
· Dry wt of root Vs Root-shoot ratio by length - 0.6522
· Dry wt of root Vs Root-shoot ratio by wt - 0.7665
· Root-shoot ratio by length Vs shoot ratio by wt - 0.7572.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1988-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on the characters associated with drought avoidance/resistance-Evaluation of moisture retention capacity of detached leaves.
Personnel : Susheelamma BN, Sikdar AK
Project Period :1982-1987
Objectives :To evaluate the moisture retention capacity of detached mulberry leaves.
Results/Recommendations :This is an important parameter which is associated with evapo-transpiration loss of water from plants. 8 strains from germplasm and 210 F1 progenies of open pollinated hybrids were evaluated for the moisture retention capacity of harvested leaves. It varies from 70.43-80.87% after 6 hrs duration, 65-75.43% after 12 hrs of duration and 50-63% after 24 hrs duration of post harvest period.
· The result indicate that 4 varieties have 75% moisture, 16 varieties have 73.7% and 10 have less than 60% moisture.
· Only 8 varieties have 65% moisture retention capacity, while other 22 varieties have less than 60% moisture retention capacity.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1982-87
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of drought tolerant/resistant varieties-Selection of drought tolerant/resistant varieties from open pollinated hybrid progeny in field condition.
Personnel : Jolly MS, Dandin SB, Susheelamma BN, Sikdar AK
Project Period :1982-1985
Objectives :To evaluate drought resistant/tolerant varieties.
Results/Recommendations :93 seedlings showed good recovery out of 4500 open pollinated seedlings which were subjected to moisture stress. Based on sprouting, rooting, moisture retention and leaf yield, 42 strains were isolated and included in the yield trial.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1982-85
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Yield trials of selected strains in rainfed condition-Primary yield trial.
Project Period :1982-1989
Results/Recommendations :F1 progenies obtained from open pollinated hybrid population were evaluated along with two check cultivars (K2 and S54) under stress and non-stress condition for leaf yield in partially balanced lattice design. S27 and S20 have yielded higher yield both under stress and non-stress conditions.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1984-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Final yield trials of selected strains under rainfed condition.
Project Period :1982-1985
Objectives :To evaluate the yield potential of some of the high yielding strains of mulberry for irrigated condition.
Results/Recommendations :Eight strains and two controls have been included in the experiment. S41, S54, RFS135, S36, S30, RFS175, K2 and Local varieties gave 19.5, 19.3, 18.8, 18.70, 18.3, 18.8 16.40 and 14.00 tonnes of leaf yield/ha/yr respectively.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1982-85
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SubjectIndex :si 11
Sl No :35
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on yield pattern of two improved mulberry strains.
Project Period :1982-1984
Objectives :To study the yield pattern of two improved varieties (S54 and S41).
Results/Recommendations :The study on leaf yield of S41 and S54 varieties has revealed that the average yield/ha is upto 35,208 kg and 35,958 kg respectively.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1982-84
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on sprouting and survival of improved mulberry under high temperature conditions-Assessment of leaf from qualitative and quantitative aspects of improved mulberry strains.
Project Period :1982-1985
Objectives :To assess the qualitative and quantitative aspects of improved mulberry strains.
Results/Recommendations :The sprouting percentage for S36, S41, S54 and K2 varieties was 72.6%, 83.2%, 70.3% and 93.5% respectively. Leaf yields obtained were 17,606.3 kg, 20,006.3 kg, 19,106.3 kg and 14,725 kg/ha/yr in S54, S41, S36 and K2 respectively.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1982-85
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Multilocational trial of new mulberry cultivars (PPC-Dharmapura).
Project Period:1982-1985
Objectives :To study the effect of different soil types and agro-climatic conditions and yield of different mulberry varieties.
Results/Recommendations :Multilocational trial of newly evolved varieties of mulberry viz., S30, S36, S41 and S54 was taken up at this centre. Among these, S54 gave the highest yield (35,984 kg/ha) followed by S30 (33,032 kg/ha), S36 (32,509 kg/ha) and S41 (28,943 kg/ha). Kanva-2 yielded 30,125 kg/ha/yr.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1982-85
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Demonstration of package of practices by establishing demonstration plots
Project Period:1982-1986
Objectives :To demonstrate the agronomic package deal for mulberry to the rearers by adopting their gardens.
Results/Recommendations :Four plots of Local mulberry gardens under rainfed conditions were adopted for demonstration of package of practices and an increase of 24.98% leaf yield was recorded over the control.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1982-86
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on the establishment of ideal mulberry plantations suited to hill conditions-Studies on the evaluation of package of practices.
Project Period:1982-1985
Objectives :To establish suitable system of mulberry planting for hilly areas.
Results/Recommendations :Comparative analysis on MR2, S54, Kosen and K2 mulberry varieties maintained under 3'x3' and 5'x5' spacings showed that MR2 and K2 are promising under 3'x3' spacing with 17,600 kg and 17,000 kg of leaf yield/ha/yr respectively.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1982-85
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on sprouting and survival of improved mulberry strains under high temperature conditions. (RSRS, Salem)
Personnel :Vijayaraghavan K, Sampath C, Das PK
Project Period :1982-1983
Objectives : To study the effect of high temperature conditions on sprouting and survival of improved mulberry variety S36.
Results/Recommendations :S36 recorded the highest survival of 54.7% after 60 days of planting the cuttings.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Yield evaluation of isolated genotypes under optimal and sub-optimal conditions-Primary yield trial in lattice design.
Personnel :Susheelamma BN
Project Period :1982-1986
Objectives :Evaluation of mulberry cultivars from primary yield in lattice design.
Results/Recommendations :
· Primary yield evaluation of 23 genotypes along with 2 checks revealed that genotypes S8, S14 were superior to K2.
· Primary yield evaluation of 62 entries with 2 checks revealed that 9 genotypes were superior under stress condition. These were included in MLT.
· Primary evaluation of 49 genotypes revealed that triploids G9, G3 and K2 monoecious mutant registered an increase of 79.19, 28.87 and 52.9% respectively over K2 and 42.8, 27.0 and 21.83% respectively over S54.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Yield evaluation of isolated genotypes under optimal and sub-optimal conditions-Final yield trial in RBD.
Personnel :Susheelamma BN, Sikdar AK
Project Period :1982-1987
Objectives :To evaluate the isolated genotypes for leaf yield in RBD.
Results/Recommendations :Four years pooled data indicated that selection of S41, S54, S30, RFS-135, RFS-175, S36, Kanva-2 and Local gave 23.99, 21.99, 18.49, 17.49, 17.99, 16.99, 16.55 and 14.49 MT/ha/yr respectively, under stress condition. Acc.142, 141, 130, 203, 116, 154, 139, K2 and Local gave 48.04 (RFS-135), 46.41, 44.9, 42.98, 40.18, 40.16, 39.16 and 32.55 MT/ha/yr respectively under stress.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evaluation of yield potential of mulberry strains in irrigated condition-Primary yield trial.
Project Period :1983-1989
Objectives :To assess the leaf yield potential of the strains selected from breeding experiments.
Results/Recommendations :
· Out of 23 varieties, 9 varieties have recorded higher yield when compared to controls. These 9 varieties were multiplied for further screening. 4 of the 23 varieties were found non-resistant to cold conditions.
· 11 varieties out of 23 have revealed higher yield compared to controls and are found to be promising.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1988-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title : Evaluation of yield potential of mulberry strains in irrigated condition-Final yield trial.
Project Period :1983-1985
Objectives :To assess the leaf yield potential of the strains which were found better in preliminary yield trials.
Results/Recommendations :Two varieties have exhibited 20% increase and another 2 have exhibited 17% increase over control (Kanva-2) and found to be statistically significant.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1984-85
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on the performance of different mulberry germplasm material under rainfed conditions-Primary yield trial of 50 varieties of mulberry.
Project Period:1983-1986
Objectives :To determine the establishment efficiency and the leaf yield of different varieties of mulberry under rainfed conditions.
Results/Recommendations :25 different varieties were planted with 3'x3' spacing. Among these varieties the cuttings of Kukpila has recorded the maximum leaf yield of 9235 kg/acre/annum followed by Acc.141 (7083 kgs) and RFS135 (7079.8 kg). Among the lots raised with saplings maximum leaf yield was recorded in R8P27 (9284 kgs) followed by R28P25 (8143 kgs), R1P24 (6466 kgs) and OPH13 (6116 kgs).
Source of Information :Annual Report:1983-86
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Screening of mulberry Germplasm materials under rainfed conditions-General plot maintenance.
Project Period:1984-1985
Objectives :To evaluate the mulberry germplasm varieties under rainfed condition.
Results/Recommendations :2.37 acres of land is maintained under rainfed conditions. Leaf is used for ongoing experiments. The leaf yield was 14,612 kg/ha.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1984-85
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Screening of mulberry strains for leaf yield and rearing performance. (RSRS, Salem)
Personnel :Vijayaraghavan K, Veeraiah TM, Das PK, Thangavelu K
Project Period :1984-1986
Objectives: To study the suitability of different mulberry varieties for rearing of silkworms.
Results/Recommendations: S54, S41, S36 and K2 were screened for their yield and rearing performance. Highest leaf yield was obtained in S36 (25046 kg/ha/yr) > S41 (24269 kg/ha/yr) > S54 (21688 kg/ha/yr). All the varieties gave better rearing performance over K2.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Maintenance of germplasm bank.
Personnel :Sinha SS, Kasiviswanathan K, Rajanna L
Project Period:1985-1986
Objectives :To assess the behaviour and genetic characters of different mulberry varieties and also to identify suitable parental stocks for future breeding programme.
Results/Recommendations :53 elite lines of mulberry have been planted in an area of 0.17 hectares of land.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1985-86
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of improved varieties through controlled hybridization-Studies on floral biology and breeding behaviour of different mulberry cultivars.
Personnel : Rajendra Kumar, Dandin SB
Project Period :1985-1988
Objectives :To study the physiology of flowering anthesis, pollen fertility and stigma receptivity as these are the pre-requisite in any breeding programme.
Results/Recommendations :Length of style and stigma together with the nature of stigma were observed in 85 female and monoecious genotypes. The length of style varied from 0.0 mm to 2.0 mm and the length of the stigma ranged between 1.1 mm to 3.4 mm. Out of 85 genotypes screened, 20 genotypes showed papillose type of stigma and remaining have hairy stigma. Pollen fertility was scored in 24 male and monoecious genotypes of germplasm. The pollen fertility ranged from 59.55 to 98.58%. Observation on sex expressions were made in germplasm accessions after winter pruning. 29 pure males, 134 pure females, 5 non-flowering types and 51 mixed types were observed.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1987-88
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of improved varieties by open pollinated hybrids.
Personnel : Dandin SB, Kumar R, Ravindran S, Jain AK
Project Period :1985-1989
Objectives : To evaluate seeds collected from open pollinated hybrids of cross pollination.
Results/Recommendations :Open pollinated hybrid seeds from 40 female parents along with the ones raised from Chinese seeds are under evaluation for propagation and growth parameters. Of these, 123 genotypes show more than 50% rooting good growth and leaf characters.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1985-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Tissue culture studies in mulberry-Induction of haploidy through anther culture.
Personnel :Dandin SB, Kumar R, Ravindran S, Jain AK
Project Period :1985-1990
Objectives :To raise haploid plants which will give rise to homozygous diploid plants by colchicine treatment.
Results/Recommendations :The freshly inoculated anthers of RFS135 were callused. The calli produced healthy roots in a Bourgin basal medium containing NAA and BAP. Cytological observations of the roots proved the haploid nature of callus. Further, selected haploid calli when transferred to a differentiating medium globular embryoids were produced. These embryoids were sub-cultured on several combinations of auxins, cytokinine and GA-3.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1985-90
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title : Tissue culture studies in mulberry-Mulberry multiplication through tissue culture.
Personnel : Dandin SB, Kumar R, Ravindran S, Jain AK
Project Period :1985-1989
Objectives :To induce uniform rooting of in vitro raised mulberry plantlets which are poor in rooting and for rapid clonal multiplication of elite cultivars.
Results/Recommendations :
· Axillary buds from local male, Schimanochi, Mizusawa, LF2, Kosen, Kajali, Tonkin and Goshoerami were inoculated to MS medium supplemented with various auxins/cytokinins. The rooted plantlets obtained from Local male Schimanochi, Mizusawa, LF2 and Tonkin were further sub-cultured and multiplied to fresh MS medium.
· The callus of different nature obtained by inoculation of various explants were fixed in FAA and stored in 70% alcohol. The material was processed for making the paraffin blocks for microtone studies.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1985-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Pure line and population breeding for higher yield-Evolution of pure line by selfing.
Personnel : Susheelamma BN, Dwivedi NK, Mogili T
Project Period :1985-1989
Objectives :To study the combining abilities and also to exploit heterosis at least 3-4 generations of selfing is needed to establish inbred lines.
Results/Recommendations :Selected plants from S1 and S2 generations of K2 monoecious mutant were screened for sprouting and rooting and ranged from 65-95% and 55.6-85.8% respectively. Subsequently S3 progeny was raised from R7P4 (monoecious) plant of S2 generation. Preliminary observations on growth, lobation of leaf and sex pattern of S3 generations were made.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1985-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of triploids by hybridization of tetraploids and diploids.
Personnel :Sikdar AK, Susheelamma BN, Dwivedi NK, Mogili T
Project Period :1985-1989
Objectives :Evolution of triploids for tropical conditions by hybridizing auto tetraploids and desirable diploids along with reciprocal crosses.
Results/Recommendations :
· From the primary yield trial expt.9 strains of first & second sets were found superior to Kanva-2 and G9 is superior to S54.
· In second & fourth sets, first time growth observations were made first time under natural stress condition. Along with some selected plants of third and fourth set plants were evaluated for sprouting (76-100%) and rooting (16-96%) along with growth parameters, moisture percentage, moisture retaining capacity were made.
· Eight varieties from fifth set were meiotically confirmed as triploids were made which ranged from 42.8 to 66.4 unit area.
· Further crosses were made between tetraploids and two drought resistant selections. Seed setting (24.36-65.64%) and germination percentage (54.5-82.4%) was recorded.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1988-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of triploids by diploidization of female gametes.
Personnel : Dwivedi NK, Sikdar AK, Susheelamma BN, Mogili T
Project Period :1985-1989
Objectives :To produce triploids by direct diploidization of female gametes by colchicine treatment and then hybridization with pollens of desirable diploid plants.
Results/Recommendations :Colchicine treated K2 and Local female catkins were crossed with K2 and local male. The selected triploids were evaluated for sprouting (56.5-92%), rooting (48.2-86.5%) and leaf anatomy. Meiotical analysis of 6 hybrids were made and only 3 were confirmed as triploids.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1988-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Multilocational trial in different agro climatic zones.
Personnel : Susheelamma BN, Mogili T, Mallikarjuna B, Suryanarayana N, Shamim Baksh, Dwivedi NK
Project Period :1985-1989
Objectives :To assess the yield and stability of genotypes in different environment.
Results/Recommendations :9 promising drought resistant genotypes were evaluated for leaf yield at different agro-climatic conditions viz., Mysore, Chamarajnagar and Ananthpur in RBD with Local and K2 as check cultivars. The data depicts that leaf yield performance of S13, S14 and S34 is better in comparison with Local and K2 variety at farmers level at Mugur.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1988-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Assessment of leaf quality feeding trial and chemical analysis-Rearing tests of promising selections.
Personnel :Dandin SB, Mala VR, Balakrishna R, Ramesh SR, Ravindran S
Project Period :1985-1987
Objectives :To judge the quality of the feed of the new selections of mulberry cultivars.
Results/Recommendations :9 new selections have been included under field exploitations and showed significant difference between control and promising strains in respect of economic characters of cocoon.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1986-87
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title : Primary yield trial under non-stress condition.
Personnel : Sikdar AK, Susheelamma BN, Dwivedi NK
Project Period :1985-1989
Objectives :To find out the yielding ability of polyploids and triploids and to compare them with diploid.
Results/Recommendations :In partially balanced design with 49 selections on the basis of third year triploids viz., G9, G3, and Kanva-2 monoecious mutant registered an increase of 79.19, 28.87 and 52.9% over Kanva-2 and 42.8, 2.7 and 21.83% over S54.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1988-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Improving sericultural productivity under irrigated condition-Development of package of practices for mulberry-Maintenance of mulberry germplasm bank and studies on the growth and yield parameters of elite mulberry varieties. (RSRS, Kodathi)
Personnel :Saratchandra B, Mistri PK, Parameshwara C, Sabitha MG
Project Period :1985-1993
Objectives : To develop package of practices for mulberry by selecting varieties from germplasm bank.
Results/Recommendations :This station has been engaged in collection and maintenance of mulberry germplasm bank since 1985. In the beginning 53 varieties were planted for use in mulberry improvement progrmmes. At present 127 mulberry varieties comprising 62 indigenous, 46 exotic and 19 elite varieties were maintained. Fifty three elite mulberry strains were studied for leaf yield and other growth parameters. It was observed that varieties Cuckpilla, Sujanpur5 x Philippines P4 and WB x Kosen P6 yielded top by 70%, 33% and 32% respectively over control S54.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Collection, conservation, cataloguing and evaluation of gene pool of mulberry-Survey and collection of indigenous mulberry genotypes and introduction of exotic varieties.
Personnel :Sastry CR, Dandin SB, Ravindran S, Mala VR, Rajendra Kumar, Jain AK, Ramesh S, Basavaiah
Project Period :1985-1990
Objectives :Collection, conservation and introduction of exotic mulberry geotypes.
Results/Recommendations :104 indigenous and 85 exotic genotypes were collected thus bringing the total to 422 (188 indigenous + 133 exotic and 101 elite hybrids). Among wild population collected, Morus serrata, Morus nigra and some promising types of Morus indica are important.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Collection, conservation, cataloguing and evaluation of gene pool of mulberry-Evaluation of gene pool material for yield/growth parameters.
Personnel :Dandin SB, Rajendra Kumar, Ravindran S, Mallikarjunappa RS, Mala VR, Ramesh SR, Basavaiah, Jain AK
Project Period :1985-1989
Objectives :Evaluation of gene pool materials for growth parameters.
Results/Recommendations :188 germplasm accessions were studied for different growth, yield and propagation parameters and 23 promising genotypes were included in PYT.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evaluation and isolation of genotypes based on morpho-physiological parameters associated with drought resistance from gene bank-Studies on moisture retention capacity of leaves.
Personnel :Susheelamma BN, Jalaja SK
Project Period :1985-1989
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Moisture retention capacity of leaves in germplasm genotypes and OPH population was studied at 6 hr and 24 hr after leaf harvest at room temperature. It ranged from 41-77%.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Assessment of leaf quality by bioassay and biochemical studies-Feeding trial of selected genotypes.
Personnel :Susheelamma BN, Jalaja SK
Project Period :1985-1989
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Three rearings with promising strains cultivated under stress and non-stress conditions showed significant differences between control and promising strains in respect of economic characters.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Selection and screening of superior strains from controlled hybridization.
Personnel : Dandin SB, Mala VR, Balakrishna R, Ramesh SR, Ravindran S
Project Period :1986-1989
Objectives : To select and screen the superior F1 progeny to evolve new strains.
Results/Recommendations :1248 CPH seedlings from 42 crosses of series 'K' were transferred to field for further evaluation. Seeds of 25 crosses were raised in pots. The seedling of I & J series were evaluated for rooting and growth characteristics. Out of these, 214 plants showed more than 50% rooting.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1988-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of improved varieties through open pollinated hybrids-Selection and screening of superior genotypes from open pollinated hybrids.
Personnel : Jolly MS, Dandin SB, Rajagopalan Raju, Susheelamma BN
Project Period :1986-1988
Objectives :As mulberry is cross pollinated dioecious species a large amount of natural heterozygosity is available in OPH population. This can be very well exploited by simple genotype selection and the superior types can be multiplied vegetatively.
Results/Recommendations :Open pollinated hybrids’ seeds from 40 female parents along with the ones raised from Chinese seeds are under evaluation for propagation and growth parameters. Of these 123 genotypes show more than 50% rooting, good growth and leaf characters.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1988-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of improved varieties through open pollinated hybrids-Studies on seed storage, viability and germination.
Personnel : Basavaiah, Dandin SB, Mala VR, Rajendra Kumar,
Project Period :1986-1988
Objectives :To test the seed viability duration, proper storage method and germination ability of different mulberry strains.
Results/Recommendations :Effect of GA-3 and IAA on germination was studied in 3 accessions. Only GA-3 at 100 ppm was found to enhance early germination along with high germination rate. Effect of different light conditions like continuous light, day light, diffused light, continuous dark and red light were studied. Percentage of germination was enhanced in red light and continuous light. It drastically reduced in continuous dark.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1988-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on the inheritance of characters and evolution of inbred lines.
Personnel :Dandin SB, Mala VR, Rajendra Kumar, Balakrishna R, Ramesh SR
Project Period :1986-1987
Objectives :To know the inheritance pattern of different morphological and growth parameters and evolution of inbred lines for different crosses.
Results/Recommendations :7 crosses were made involving 4 female and 5 male parents showing distinct phenotypic markers and a total of 444 seeds were collected. Sex of the flowers, lobation of leaves and stipular characters were observed in series E, F & G and leaf base characters were also recorded in series G.
Inheritance pattern in the progeny of series 'J' was studied for inheritance of sex, lobation, branching and regeneration pattern. From the previous experiments, it is inferred that lobation is dominant over the entire leaf and follow Mendelian inheritance.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1986-87
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Yield trial experiments-Primary yield trial of elite strains.
Personnel : Dandin SB, Mala VR, Rajendra Kumar
Project Period :1986-1988
Objectives :To screen the yield potential and leaf quality of promising F1 hybrids.
Results/Recommendations :5 crops were harvested from 25 varieties and the top yielding varieties are in the following order.
Varieties
Leaf yield/ha [5crops (kg)]
S36 x S41P2
34185
S30 x Ber776 R4P25
31833
K2 x S41 R5 P16
31564
S30 x Ber776 R3P4
31185
S30 x Ber776 R9P20
30735
OPH P29
30735
S54-control
30370
Source of Information :Annual Report:1987-88
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Leaf quality analysis of improved strains and elite genotypes for chawki and late age rearing through bio-assay.
Personnel : Dandin SB, Mala VR, Rajendra Kumar
Project Period :1986-1988
Objectives :To analyze the leaf quality through bioassay.
Results/Recommendations :38 strains were tested for moulting ability. Acc.159 and 178 gave 88% moulting in bivoltine hybrids and Acc.139 in Pure Mysore with NB7 x NB18. Acc 227 recorded maximum cocoon weight of 2.27g. Maximum shell ratio of 23-42% was recorded with Acc. 230.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1987-88
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of promising strains through open pollinated hybrids-Evaluation of open pollinated hybrids population under natural moisture stress conditions.
Personnel : Sikdar AK, Susheelamma BN, Dwivedi NK
Project Period :1986-1988
Objectives : To evoluate drought tolerant genotypes
Results/Recommendations :In the second cycle observations 61 F1 progenies were showing terminal growth with average growth range from 255 to 264 cm and growth difference was 2 to 15 cm in different F1 progenies.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1987-88
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of promising strains through open pollinated hybrids-Evolution of controlled hybrid populations under moisture stress conditions.
Personnel : Sikdar AK, Susheelamma BN, Dwivedi NK
Project Period :1986-1988
Objectives : To evaluate mulberry hybrids under natural moisture stress condition to select superior genotypes.
Results/Recommendations :So far 33 crosses were made between promising germplasm strains isolated earlier as drought resistant genotypes and a few promising F1 genotypes. 1568 seeds were collected and sown in seed pots, of which 568 seedlings obtained were transferred to the field for evaluation under natural moisture stress condition from 4.65 to 48.57.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1987-88
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Yield evaluation of promising strains under irrigated condition-Studies on primary yield trial of mulberry under irrigated condition.
Personnel :Saratchandra B, Rajanna L, Sabitha MG
Project Period:1986-1988
Objectives :To evaluate high yielding strains.
Results/Recommendations :5 crops were harvested among 25 varieties and these are the top yielding varieties.
25 mulberry varieties selected by CSRTI, Mysore were planted along with K2 and S54 as control in a simple lattice design at a spacing of 2’x2’ following normal package of practices. By analyzing all the growth parameters and leaf yield for 2 years, 5 top yielding varieties have been selected for final yield trial studies namely, Jatinuni x S41R5P16, S54 x 119R6P1, S36 x S41P2, S30 x Ber776R4P25 and K2 x S41R5P16 with an increase of leaf yield percentage ranging from 17% to 6% over S54 (control).
Variety
Leaf yield/ha [5 crops (kg)]
S36 x S41P2
34185
S30 x Ber 776 R4P25
31833
K2 x S41 R5P16
31564
S30 x Ber776 R3P4
31185
S30 x Ber776 R9P20
30987
Source of Information :Annual Report:1986-88
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title : Purposive hybridization between promising hybrids.
Personnel : Sikdar AK, Susheelamma BN, Dwivedi NK
Project Period :1986-1988
Objectives :To study the impact of purposive hybridization between promising hybrids.
Results/Recommendations :Selected hybrids of open pollinated and controlled pollinated raised under stress conditions will be crossed and the progenies will be subjected to a natural water deficit conditions.
· F1 progenies which were transferred to the field were evaluated for drought tolerance under natural stress conditions.
· Crosses were made between promising drought resistant selections. Seeds were collected from 18 crosses. The seed setting ranged from 45.2 to 76.5%.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1988-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Screening of open pollinated hybrids population under irrigated condition.
Personnel :Saratchandra B, Rajanna L, Parameshwara C, Sabitha MG
Project Period:1986-1988
Objectives :To select high yielding mulberry varieties.
Results/Recommendations :18 parental source collected from CSR&TI, Mysore and planted in 2’x2’ spacing with K2 as control. Analysis of data revealed that 17 parental sources yielded more leaf than control (K2). The top 5 parental lines recorded with an increase of leaf yield ranging from 69% to 29% over K2 and they were proposed for final yield trial. The top five varieties are S54, S36, Acc.151, S30 and Acc.155
Variety
S36
51259
S54
46682
Acc.151
46271
Acc.144
42395
Acc.153
41984
The internodal distance of these varieties ranged from 4 to 5 cm and moisture % ranges from 69-70%.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1986-88
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on final yield trial of mulberry under irrigated conditions.
Project Period:1986-1988
Objectives :To assess the yield potential of selected strains.
Results/Recommendations :Five leaf harvests were made in 8 varieties out of which Ber-776 gave 33543 kg/ha while S54 (control) gave 32379 kg/ha.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1986-88
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Multilocational trial of rainfed varieties (RSRS Chamarajanagar).
Personnel :Thyagaraja BS, Parthasarathy BS, Raghavendra M
Project Period:1986-1987
Objectives :To evaluate the crop results of different varieties of mulberry.
Results/Recommendations :During the period, 9 promising rainfed varieties were maintained. The leaf yield of the varieties recorded an increase of 40-70% over K2 and 60-90% over local.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1986-87
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Improving the sericultural productivity under rainfed/semi irrigated condition-Development of package of practices for mulberry-Studies on the final yield trails of mulberry under irrigated condition. (RSRS, Kodathi)
Personnel :Ramesh SP, Narasimha Murthy N
Project Period :1986-1988
Objectives :Evaluation of quality mulberry through bioassay.
Results/Recommendations :Three trials conducted in 3 different seasons of each year during the period. Highest cocoon yield was recorded in silkworm fed with S36 variety with significant improvement in ERR and shell percentage.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of improved varieties through controlled hybridization-Studies on sex reversal of mulberry varieties.
Personnel :Dandin SB, Ravindran S, Jain AK
Project Period :1986-1988
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Study on five female accessions and three male accessions with GA, Silver nitrate, Silver thiosulphate (to change the sex in males), ethrel and cobalt chloride (to change sex in females) revealed that silver thiosulphate (1000 ppm) resulted in production of sex reversal in two genotypes. Ethrel suppressed the male flower production in two genotypes. Cobalt chloride was found to be ineffective. Studies on the sex reversal with Cycocel, IAA, Kinetic Triodo benzoic acid (TIBA) and NAA showed that these hormones did not exert any appreciable influence on sex except in RFS-135 where TIBA 100 ppm rarely promoted production of mixed inflorescences. None of the treatments with Salicylic acid and TIBA induced sex reversal in another study.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Mutation breeding for improvement of mulberry-Induction of variability by chemical mutagens.
Personnel :Dandin SB, Balakrishna R, Ravindran S, Jain AK
Project Period :1986-1987
Objectives :To induce the variability in mulberry through chemical mutagenesis.
Results/Recommendations :Selfed seeds of Acc.139 and Acc.142 were treated with diethyl sulphate and sodium azide. M1 and M2 generations were raised.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Yield trial experiment-Primary yield trial-I
Personnel :Dandin SB, Mala VR, Ravindran S, Ramesh SR
Project Period :1986-1990
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Genotype No.11 and 20 found to out yield S54 by 22.08 and 20.03% respectively in primary yield evaluation of 23 genotypes with two checks.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Maintenance of germplasm bank of mulberry. (RSRS Kodathi)
Personnel :Saratchandra B, Rajanna L, Philomena KL
Project Period:1987-1988
Objectives :To maintain different mulberry varieties and to identify the suitable parental stocks for further breeding programmes.
Results/Recommendations :During the year 17 varieties are added to the germplasm bank, bringing, the total accessions to 120 varieties for maintenance (exotic 45, indigenous 56, elite 19).
Source of Information :Annual Report:1987-88
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on primary yield trial of mulberry under irrigated conditions.
Project Period:1987-1989
Objectives :To evaluate high yielding strains.
Results/Recommendations :Leaf yield data of 25 strains of two years revealed that 12 varieties yielded above S54 (control) (29269 kg/ha/yr).
Source of Information :Annual Report:1987-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evaluation of improved varieties from open pollinated hybrids.
Project Period:1987-1990
Objectives :To evaluate the open pollinated hybrids of mulberry cultivars.
Results/Recommendations :Seed collected from open-pollinated plants are naturally hybrids, because of the heterozygous nature of mulberry and cross pollination, the population thus obtained is a mixture of several genotypes. Data of leaf yield (mean of 3 years) indicated that the high yielding varieties over K2 are S36 (22.7%), RFS (19.9%), S54 (18.4%) and BER776 (16.3%).
Source of Information :Annual Report:1987-90
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Multilocational trials of promising strains.
Personnel : Dandin SB, Mala VR, Balakrishna R
Project Period :1987-1990
Objectives :Critical assessment of S41, a high yielding and early maturing cultivars to workout the maximum possible number of harvests without deterioration of leaf yield.
Results/Recommendations :The main treatment i.e., method of harvest as well as number of harvests per year showed insignificant difference individually but interaction between them was significant. Leaf plucking method of harvest associated with 7 harvests per year produced maximum leaf in comparison with other treatments.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1989-90
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Induction of somaclonal variation through callus culture.
Personnel : Dandin SB, Mala VR, Balakrishna R
Project Period :1987-1989
Objectives :To establish rapidly proliferating callus which will be sub-cultured to induce embryogenesis.
Results/Recommendations :The cotyledon and hypocotyl explants of mizusawa, Italian Sarnal, K2, Schimanochi and Morus laevigata were inoculated to media varying in their auxin and cytokinin content to induce embryogenesis. A total of 60 media combinations were tried. 4 combinations support the healthy growth of callus and induce rooting. But there is no shoot formation observed so far.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1988-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on rate of transpiration with reference to drought resistance.
Personnel : Venkateswarlu M, Susheelamma BN, Padma MN, Jalaja SK
Project Period :1987-1989
Objectives : To screening of mulberry genotypes for drought tolerant characteristics.
Results/Recommendations :36 genotypes were evaluated for different drought resistant characters and correlation capacity of leaf was positively correlated with yield under stem condition. Correlation between leaf diffusive resistance and leaf temperature was non-significant. Stomatal resistance transpiration rate and diffuse resistance of the leaf was measured by parameter in the field for 50 F1 hybrids and 54 germplasm varieties.
Parameter
Low
Medium
High
6.29-11.77
14.55-25.49
26.94-43.24
Diffusive resistance
1.29-3.85
4.47-7.94
8.32-12.22
Source of Information :Annual Report:1988-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on protein banding patterns and iso-enzyme studies with special reference to drought resistance.
Personnel : Venkateswarlu M, Padma MN, Jalaja SK, Susheelamma BN
Project Period :1987-1989
Objectives : To evaluate the variation at genetic level to avoid and to analyze different enzyme activities which are related to growth, nutritional and drought resistant aspects of different genotypes of mulberry.
Results/Recommendations :Among different drought resistant varieties and germplasm genotypes studied, 2-5 peroxidase isoenzyme bands and 1-3 protein profiles are observed variation in the banding pattern in S523, S146, S31, S28, S61 and S34 varieties.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1988-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Mutation breeding for improvement of mulberry.
Personnel : Dandin SB, Mala VR, Balakrishna R
Project Period :1987-1988
Objectives :To induce genetic variability in desirable genotypes using gamma rays.
Results/Recommendations : Different doses from 1 to 100 KR were tried. The germination percentage was found to be higher in irradiated seeds than in control irrespective of the dosage, thereby indicating the simulative effect of gamma rays. Though germination was found in seeds treated with 100 KR, meristem of radical was adversely affected above 5 KR. Cut bank treatments were given to 25 selected plants which were irradiated to observe chimerical expressions.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1988-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Estimation of total protein chlorophyll content in different mulberry genotypes.
Personnel : Venkateswarlu M, Susheelamma BN, Mala VR
Project Period :1987-1989
Objectives :To isolate genotypes with higher chlorophyll content which are ultimately utilized in breeding programme to get varieties with high photosynthetic efficiency.
Results/Recommendations :During the year under report 15 polyploids, 11 rainfed genotypes and 46 germplasm accessions were analyzed for total proteins and 206 germplasm accessions and 11 rainfed genotypes were evaluated for total chlorophyll content. Total protein and chlorophyll were estimated in 72 and 487 genotypes respectively.
Parameters
Medium
High
Range
Frequency
Range
Frequency
Range
Frequency
Total Protein
Polyploids
31.45-41.93
3
41.94-52.42
4
52.43-62.91
8
Rainfed Selection
36.97-43.91
2
43.92-50.85
5
50.85-57.79
4
Germplasm accessions
35.53-46.45
15
46.46-57.36
13
57.37-68.29
18
Rainfed selection
1.305-1.862
3
1.863-2.491
5
2.420-2.977
3
Germplasm accessions
1.305-1.862
44
1.863-2.491
130
2.420-2.977
32
Source of Information :Annual Report:1987-88
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Yield trial experiment-Primary yield trial
Personnel :Dandin SB, Balakrishna R, Jain AK
Project Period :1987-1991
Objectives :To conduct the primary yield trials of mulberry cultivars.
Results/Recommendations :Five genotypes were superior over S54 out yielding by 15.4 and 58.7% among the 23 genotypes tested.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Yield trial experiment-Multilocation trial.
Personnel :Dandin SB, Balakrishna R
Project Period :1987-1990
Objectives :To conduct the multilocational trial of mulberry cultivars.
Results/Recommendations :S41 variety produced maximum leaf yield in leaf plucking method of harvest associated with 7 harvests/year.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Morphological and cyotological studies of mulberry germplasm.
Personnel : Dandin SB, Mala VR, Balakrishna R
Project Period :1988-1989
Objectives :To know the phylogenetic relationship of the different varieties and species on the basis of morphological and cytological characters.
Results/Recommendations :Floral buds were fixed in 15 accessions of germplasm for cytological studies. Meiotic studies were made in five diploid accessions (Acc 109, 119, 141,169 and K2 monoecious). 2 triploid varieties (Acc 103, and Thai lobed) and one hexaploid variety (Morus serrata). Somatic chromosome count from leaf meristematic cells was made in Acc.22 x Morus nigra.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1988-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Primary yield trials of superior strains-Yield trial experiments.
Personnel : Dandin SB, Mala VR, Balakrishna R
Project Period :1988-1990
Objectives :To test the yield potential and leaf quality of superior genotypes for commercial cultivation.
Results/Recommendations :Data on leaf yield indicated that the high yielding varieties over K2 and S36 (22.7%), RFS (19.9%), S54 (18.4%) and Ber-776 (16.3%).
Source of Information :Annual Report:1989-90
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Detection of canopy temperature in different mulberry genotypes.
Personnel : Susheelamma BN, Padma MN, Jalaja SK
Project Period :1988-1989
Objectives :Screening of different genotypes for higher canopy temperatures at stress and non-stress conditions.
Results/Recommendations :For canopy temperatures under stress and non-stress conditions, 36 F1 hybrids were evaluated and the range is presented in table.
Condition
Timings
10 -11 am
1 - 2 pm
Stress
29.62-32.70
31.62-36.20
Non-stress
26.80-30.80
27.10-32.10
Source of Information :Annual Report:1988-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evaluation, Isolation and Propagation of salt resistant genotypes of mulberry-Evaluation of germplasm genotypes and F1 hybrids for salinity tolerance.
Personnel : Susheelamma BN, Mogili T
Project Period :1988-1990
Objectives :To evaluate mulberry genotypes for salt tolerance and to see their ability to cope with different concentrations of different salts.
Results/Recommendations :30 genotypes of varied genetic make-up from germplasm of CSR&TI, Mysore and F1 hybrids have been evaluated for salinity tolerance in pot culture and 8.0 mmho/cm sprouting, survival and yield. The study revealed that Acc.214 was relatively tolerant to salinity.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1988-89, Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore-2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on salinity induced modifications with response to water deficit and also to evaluate relationship between salt stress and drought stress.
Personnel : Susheelamma BN, Padma MN, Jalaja SK
Project Period :1988-1990
Objectives : To evaluate salinity induced modifications in response to drought can be made at morphophysiological and at leaf yield level.
Results/Recommendations :The experiment was conducted both in pot conditions and in natural conditions. The study revealed that Acc.214 is relatively tolerant to salinity both in the pot and natural conditions.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1989-90
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on the performance of germplasm strains on the growth and yield of mulberry.
Project Period:1988-1991
Objectives :To evaluate high yielding mulberry strains.
Results/Recommendations :Higher survivability in silkworms has been recorded with S175, S54 and S30 x Ber RAP25 mulberry varieties by bioassay study.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1988-91
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Screening of open pollinated hybrids under irrigated conditions.
Project Period:1988-1992
Objectives :To select high yielding strains.
Results/Recommendations :Highest leaf yield of 69,874 kg/ha/yr was recorded in RFS175 followed by S35 which recorded 68,466 kg/ha/yr.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1988-92
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Multilocational trials of rainfed varieties of mulberry. (RSRS, Chamarajanagar)
Personnel :Gururaj R, Mallikarjuna B, Somaprakash DS
Project Period:1988-1989
Objectives :To evaluate the crop results of different varieties of mulberry under rainfed conditions.
Results/Recommendations :Totally five crops were taken during the period under report. S34 has given the maximum yield of 17,392 kg/ha over K2 (13,454 kg/ha) and Local (11,312 kg/ha).
Source of Information :Annual Report:1988-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Screening of mulberry varieties for Tamil Nadu conditions.
Project Period:1988-1990
Objectives :To evolve a suitable rainfed mulberry variety for drought prone areas of Tamil Nadu.
Results/Recommendations :During the year the growth parameter and survival percentage were recorded and highest cocoon yield was obtained with S13 leaf followed by S series variety.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1988-90
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Maintenance of mulberry germplasm varieties.
Project Period:1988-1989
Objectives :To maintain different mulberry varieties and to identify suitable parental strains for further breeding programmes.
Results/Recommendations :The station is maintaining 33 varieties of mulberry in the mulberry germplasm viz., Local, K2, MR2, S30, S36, S41, S54, Ber-C763, Acc.131, Acc.78, Acc.179, Acc.216, Morus astralis, Muraso, Shrim8, Shrim5, Goshoerami, Kagah, Serpentina, Acc.216, Salem Local, Acc.188, Acc.122, Acc.130, Salem Local II, English black, TR10, AB x Phil, LF2, Ber S799, Kosen graft, Acc.139 and Acc.176.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1988-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Final yield trial of superior strains.
Personnel : Dandin SB, Mala VR, Rajendra Kumar
Project Period :1988-1989
Objectives :To select the superior strains from promising tested genotypes
Results/Recommendations : Data of leaf yield (mean of 3 years) indicated that the high yielding varieties over K2 are S36 (22.7%), RFS (19.9%), S54 (18.4%) and BER776 (16.3%).
Out of the nine strains under FYT at RSRS, Kodathi, 3 strains have recorded higher yield than control and are ready for multilocational trial.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1988-89
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Propagation studies in mulberry-Effect of different factors on rooting and induction of rooting in poor/shy rooting strains.
Personnel :Dandin SB, Mala VR, Basavaiah
Project Period :1988-1990
Objectives :To study the factors like mechanical barrier, inadequate auxin content and accumulation of inhibitors in mulberry varieties.
Results/Recommendations : Two shy rooting cultivars S30 and S36 were used for enhancing rooting using four growth regulators (IAA, IBA, NAA and 2,4 D) using cutting dip method. Of all the treatments 20 ppm IBA, 50 ppm IAA and 20 ppm IBA + 1% sucrose showed increased rooting percentage of 20, 32.7 and 35% respectively over control.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization : Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title : Identification of foundation material.
Project Period :1989-1990
Objectives : Development of high yielding stable mulberry varieties with good nutritive quality.
Results/Recommendations :At the end of the year the total collection in the germplasm has risen to 422, comprising 188 indigenous, 133 exotic and 101 elite hybrids. Out of the collections, 162 accessions have been already catalogued and cataloguing of 48 accessions was initiated during the period. Out of 22 collections from Rajasthan evaluated for drought resistance, Acc No.JM-2 from Jodhpur has shown extensive root system and more number of branches. High moisture retention capacity (64.3%), less number of stomata (27.85 sq.mm) and low transpiration rate (7.54 mg sq. cm/sec) were also recorded with this genotype.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1989-90
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Improving sericultural productivity under irrigated condition-Development of package of practices for mulberry-Selection of new mulberry varieties to improve nutritive quality. (RSRS, Kodathi)
Personnel :Mistri PK, Sabitha MG
Project Period : 1989-1992
Objectives :To evolve a suitable high yielding mulberry varieties under semi-irrigated conditions.
Results/Recommendations :Eight mulberry varieties selected from one of the previous experiments of final yield trial and germplasm bank were planted in RBD design with spacing of 2’ x 2’ in four replications following normal package of practice for irrigated conditions. The varieties viz., TR10, OPH29, S45 x L19R6P1, S36 x S41P2, S30 x Ber 776R4P25, RFS 175, S36, are being maintained as control along with K2 and S54 as control.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of superior mulberry variety-Primary Yield Trial-III.
Personnel :Mala VR
Project Period :1989-1993
Objectives :Development of high yielding mulberry variety.
Results/Recommendations :Evaluation of 23 genotypes in RBD along with Kanva-2 and S54 under irrigated condition for three years indicated that seven genotypes were superior over S54 out yielding by 9.15 to 37.9%. Among these, three genotypes were included in final yield evaluation.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of superior mulberry varieties-Primary Yield trial-IV.
Personnel :Balakrishna R
Project Period :1989-1993
Objectives :Development of superior mulberry varieties.
Results/Recommendations :Evaluation of 23 genotypes in RBD along with Kanva-2 and S54 under irrigated condition for three years indicated that seven genotypes were superior over S54 out yielding by 10.34 to 30.68%. Among these, three genotypes were included in final yield evaluation.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Tissue culture in mulberry-Tolerance to salinity.
Project Period :1989-1990
Objectives :Identification of salinity tolerant mulberry variety.
Results/Recommendations :The morphogenic response indicated that M. laevigata is comparatively a more tolerant genetic material to salinity than local male, K2 and LF2.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Tissue culture studies in mulberry-Multiplication of rare genetic material.
Personnel :
Project Period :1989-1990
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Twelve important and genetically rare genotypes were cultured on MS medium. The buds were sprouted only in 8 cultivars. Out of these 12 genotypes tried. The Russian triploid showed poor rooting in in vitro.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Tissue culture studies in mulberry-Somatic hybridization.
Personnel :
Project Period :1989-1990
Objectives :To study the somatic hybridization in Morus alba.
Results/Recommendations :Protoplasts were isolated from mesophyll tissue of Morus alba. A suitable enzyme combination gave an average yield of 4.5 x 10-6 protoplast/g fresh weight of leaf. Protoplasts cultures resulted in colonization and callus formation. The frequency of cell division after 20 days of culture was 80%.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title : In vitro screening of genotypes for tolerance to alkalinity.
Personnel :Sarkar A, Mogili T, Mallikarjuna B, Susheelamma BN, Jain AK, Rajashekar K
Project Period :-1990-94
Objectives :To identify genetic material possessing tolerance to alkalinity and further include them in crop improvement programme.
Results/Recommendations : Out of selected promising high yielding genotypes and crosses tested, seeds of MR-2, Ber-776 and Sujanpur-5 survived alkalinity stress upto an ESp of 31, rooting was observed in the medium with ESp-24. RFS135 and Cuckpilla did not survive in media with ESp above 24.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1993-94
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :In vitro screening of genotypes for tolerance to drought.
Personnel : Susheelamma BN, Mohan Ram Rao D, Sarkar A, Rajashekar K, Tewary PK
Project Period :1990-1994
Objectives : To identify genetic material possessing tolerance to drought and further include them in crop improvement programme.
Results/Recommendations: S41 survived well upto 2% PEG. Acc-3 survived upto 40%, however, good growth was observed upto 2% only. S54, K2, Local and S30 showed response upto 1% but no further growth was observed. C763 and Jatinuni showed 100% survival in 0.5, 1.0 & 2.0% PEG concentrations but growth and rooting were poor in 1.0% and 2.0% PEG. Acc.20 showed survival at 1.0% PEG. RFS135 and Sujanpur-5 survived upto 2.0% PEG, but rooting noticed only in Sujanpur-5 in the medium with 1.0% PEG.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1993-94
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Screening of mulberry genotypes under irrigated alkaline soil conditions. (RSRS, Salem)
Personnel :Radhakrishnan S, Chandrashekar DS, Sikdar AK
Project Period :1990-1993
Objectives :To develop/evolve suitable mulberry varieties for alkaline soils.
Results/Recommendations :8 genotypes S1, S13, S34, S36, S799, S1635, DD and MR2 were screened. S1 exhibited higher leaf yield of 34,640 kg/ha/yr.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of superior mulberry varieties-Mulberry silkworm interaction studies.
Personnel :Mala VR, Mogili T, Jalaja SK, Anantharaman KV
Project Period :1990-1994
Objectives :To study the physiological, biochemical and bioassay studies of mulberry varieties.
Results/Recommendations :Physiological, biochemical and bioassay parameters were studied in K2, S30, S36, S54, S13, S34, MR2 and Local. Moisture status was found high in S36, S13, S34 and MR2. Moisture retention of excised leaves after 12 hours found high in S36, S13 and S34. Experiment on dietary efficiency indicated superiority of S36, S13 and S34 for silkworm rearing.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of superior mulberry varieties-Information generation for directional breeding-Clustering of mulberry germplasm genotypes.
Personnel :Mala VR, Sarkar A, Chaturvedi HK
Project Period :1990-1995
Objectives :Clustering of mulberry genotypes of germplasm for breeding programme.
Results/Recommendations :Five exotic genotypes were included in the germplasm bringing the total to 427 (188 indigenous, 138 exotic and 101 elite hybrids). Clustering of germplasm was done in two batches by Mahalanobis D2 analysis. First batch of 146 genotypes were grouped into 12 clusters and second batch of 81 genotypes were grouped into 10 clusters. High variability was observed in crosses of distant parents.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of superior mulberry genotypes-Identification of mulberry genotypes for tolerance to different stress factors-Identification of genotypes tolerant to alkalinity-Primary yield evaluation.
Personnel :Mogili T, Sarkar A, Tripati PM, Sathyanaraya K, Mondal KC
Project Period :1990-1995
Objectives :Primary yield evaluation of alkalinity tolerant mulberry varieties.
Results/Recommendations :Forty promising genotypes were treated in alkaline soils at Kinakanahalli and 17 genotypes were selected depending on joint scoring of survival and height of the plant after 180 days of planting. Evaluation of these selected genotypes in primary yield trial along with local and S34 for three years indicated that 14 genotypes significantly out yielded over local by 41 to 117%. Five genotypes out yielded over S34 by 25% to 46%. These five were included in final yield evaluation.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of superior mulberry varieties-Evaluation of hybrid material for adaptability and yield-Screening of hybrid material (CPH-1).
Personnel :Prakash BG, Urs MKP, Rajashekar K
Project Period :1990-1995
Objectives :Development of superior mulberry varieties.
Results/Recommendations :Fifty eight genotypes performing well under two selection environments were isolated from a large population of hybrids (1152) obtained from 32 crosses and evaluated for two years in augmented RBD along with two years pooled data. 18 genotypes are found to be significantly superior over S36 by 24.18-110.94%.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of superior mulberry varieties-Clonal selection.
Personnel :Sarkar A, Balakrishna R
Project Period :1990-1995
Objectives :Development of mulberry varieties through clonal selection.
Results/Recommendations :Sixteen superior clones from different Govt. Farms and farmer’s gardens were collected and evaluated. Two clones were found to be promising with faster growth and succulent leaves.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Multilocational trials and bioassay of rainfed mulberry varieties at Chamarajanagar under rainfed conditions. (RSRS, Chamarajanagar)
Personnel :Avasarmol BV, Mondal KC, Srinivas C
Project Period :1991-1995
Objectives : To evaluate mulberry varieties under rainfed conditions.
Results/Recommendations :The study indicated that the maximum leaf yield was obtained in S34 and S13 compared with K2 and local variety. Farmers field trials, AICE and bioassay study were conducted, and confirmed the findings in leaf quality and recommended S13 and S34 for red and black soils respectively. Till 2000 this station has planted 213 acres of S13 and 143.23 acres of S34 in the farmers field.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Screening of mulberry for drought tolerant genotypes. (RSRS, Chamarajanagar)
Personnel :Mondal KC, Gururaj R, Chandrashekar DS, Srinivas C, Mallikarjuna BM
Project Period :1991-1998
Objectives : To evaluate mulberry varieties for drought tolerant genotypes.
Results/Recommendations :Pooled leaf data of 5 genotypes indicate significant higher leaf yield (kg/ha/yr) in AR10 (11,214 kg) and AR11 (11,170 kg) recording 13.94% and 16.42% yield improvement over S13 (10,063 kg/ha/yr) control.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Agronomical package for V1 mulberry genotype and cost effective mulberry cultivation under hill conditions-Screening of mulberry genotypes suitable for bivoltine sericulture in Nilgiris. (RSRS, Coonoor)
Personnel :Masilamani S, Sreenivasa BT, Kamble CK
Project Period : 1991-1998
Objectives : To study the suitability of mulberry varities for Nilgris conditions.
Results/Recommendations :Among the 18 mulberry genotypes viz., BC2 59, C776, Cuckpilla, China White, English black, MS-2, MS-5, S1, S13, S34, S36, S1301, S1531, TR4, TR8, TR10 and controls K2 and MR2 screened over a period of two years under preliminary yield trial and following genotypes were found significant viz., Cuckpilla, BC2 59 and TR8 (5% level) and four genotypes viz., TR10, TR4, S13 and S1301 (1% level) which are suitable for sericulturists of Nilgiris, Western Ghats and other hill areas.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of superior mulberry varieties-Evaluation of hybrid material for adaptability and yield-Screening of CPH-2.
Personnel :Balakrishna R, Mogili T, Prasad RN
Project Period :1991-1997
Objectives :To evaluate hybrids of mulberry for adaptability and yield.
Results/Recommendations :The experiment was initiated with 5040 hybrids obtained by crossing high yielding genotypes as per phenotypic disassortative mating. After screening isolated 48 promising genotypes and evaluated in RBD with K2, S36 and S54 and checks. Two years leaf yield data indicated that 16 genotypes recorded significantly higher leaf yield over check by 24.8 to 67.1%. Finally 7 promising genotypes were selected based on overall performance for incubation in FYT.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of superior mulberry varieties-Evolution of genotypes for irrigated condition- Final yield trial-I
Personnel :Jalaja SK, Sarkar A
Project Period :1991-1995
Objectives :To evaluate superior mulberry varieties for irrigated condition.
Results/Recommendations :Final yield evaluation of 8 genotypes along with 2 checks indicated that five genotypes significantly out yielded S36 by 11.16 to 55.70% Out of these, V1 has recorded 71,917 kg/ha/yr out yielding S36 by 55.7%. Bioassay and chemo assay also proved the superiority of V1. The variety has been released to farmers for commercial exploitation.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of mulberry varieties-Polyploidy breeding for improving nutrition and adaptability-Development of superior triploids.
Personnel :Basavaiah, Jhansi Lakshmi K, Kesavacharyulu K
Project Period :1991-1997
Objectives :To develop a superior triploid variety of mulberry.
Results/Recommendations :Promising diploid varieties were crossed with K2 tetraploid male and S41 tetraploid female. Triploid progeny was screened and 22 triploids which were confirmed cytologically were selected based on growth and yield characters and included in primary yield trial along with K2, S36, G9 and TR10. Colchicine treatment to induce tetraploids by injection method was standardized and tetraploids of S36 and LF1 were developed.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of superior mulberry varieties-Identification of mulberry genotypes for tolerance to different stress factors-Identification of genotypes for tolerant to soil moisture stress (drought)-Primary yield evaluation.
Personnel :Mogili T, Sarkar A, Mallikarjuna B, Srinivas C, Mondal KC
Project Period :1991-1995
Objectives :Development of mulberry varieties by soil moisture stress condition.
Results/Recommendations :17 genotypes selected from 40 genotypes in alkaline soils at Kinakanahalli were considered which is a chronic drought prone area. Evaluation of these selected genotypes in primary yield trial along with local and S13 for three years at Chamarajanagar indicated that 15 genotypes were significantly out yielded over local 78 to 101%. Five genotypes outyielded over S13 by19-34%. These five were included in final yield evaluation.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Bivoltine sericulture technology development-Development of mulberry breeding and cultivation technology-Breeding methods for developing mulberry varieties suitable for young age and late age silkworms.
Personnel :Sarkar A, Mogili T, Balakrishna R
Project Period :1991-1997
Objectives :Development of superior mulberry varieties for chawki and late age silkworms.
Results/Recommendations :Breeding method under Indian tropical condition has been standardized. After evaluating 69 cross combinations, it has been suggested that crossing between exotic and indigenous varieties yielded beneficial results. But, it has to be kept in mind that exotic varieties which do not exhibit dormancy are suitable for crossing under tropical conditions. Adaptable Indian varieties with high yield need to be selected as one of the parents. Morus multicaulis, Okinawa and Xuan-10 (all exotic genotypes) do not show dormancy and were found as suitable parents for crossing with Indian varieties.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Bivoltine sericulture technology development-Development of mulberry breeding and cultivation technology-Screening and selection of genotypes for young age silkworm.
Personnel :Mala VR, Balakrishna R
Project Period :1991-1997
Objectives :Breeding of suitable mulberry variety for young age silkworms.
Results/Recommendations :After screening of 10,000 seedlings of 69 cross combinations for morphological parameters by visual selection followed by yield and yield contributing characters in progeny evaluation and in primary yield trial, three promising genotypes have been short-listed for final yield evaluation. Two mulberry genotypes among the existing varieties viz., S36 and V1 have been identified to be suitable for young age rearing based on moulting and growth analysis. Selection criteria prioritized for young age rearing to be quality, yield and rooting ability in the order.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Bivoltine sericulture technology development-Development of mulberry breeding and cultivation technology-Screening and selection of genotypes for late age silkworms.
Personnel :Mogili T, Sarkar A, Balakrishna R
Project Period :1991-1997
Objectives :Development of superior mulberry variety for late age silkworms.
Results/Recommendations :Three genotypes have been short-listed from 10,000 hybrid seedlings of 69 cross combinations for primary and final yield evaluation. Selection criteria prioritized for late age rearing to the rooting ability, yield and quality in the same order. Two mulberry genotypes among the existing varieties viz., V1 and S36 have been identified to be suitable for late age rearing. Pot experiment studies conducted indicated that the variety V1 to be highly responsive to fertilizer levels and also tolerant to salinity (8 mmho/cm). The genotype AR-10 found to be relatively tolerant to soil moisture and alkalinity stress.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Tissue culture technique in mulberry breeding-Standardization of protocols for leaf meristem culture.
Personnel :Susheelamma BN, Jain AK, Rajashekar K, Mohan Ram Rao D, Tewary PK, Sarkar A
Project Period :1991-1994
Objectives :To standardize the protocols for leaf meristem culture.
Results/Recommendations :Regeneration of callus obtained from leaf meristem explants was achieved from rapidly growing compact calli of S14, S36, Ber-S1, S20, S26 and Ber-C776 genotypes. One of the plantlet regenerated from S14 callus showed somaclonal variation.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Bivoltine sericulture technology development-Development of mulberry breeding and cultivation technology-Studies on improvement of existing plantations.
Personnel : Aqueel SA, Ramakant, Sarkar A
Project Period :1991-1997
Objectives :Development of superior mulberry varieties and their maintenance.
Results/Recommendations :Existing mulberry garden at farmers level can be improved by removing one row after a pair to provide more space for growth and development by such row thinning process, the yield of K2 was enhanced from 35 to 47 MT/ha/yr with high quality leaf.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :In vitro multiplication of elite mulberry genotypes.
Personnel : Tewary PK, Rajashekar K, Mohan Ram Rao D, Bajpai AK
Project Period :1992-1995
Objectives :To develop protocols for micropropagation of promising genotypes suitable for different agro climatic regions.
Results/Recommendations :In vitro shoots were obtained from nodal explants of S13, S34 on MS medium supplemented with BAP 2 mg/l and from S36, V1 on MS+BAP 1 mg/l. An average of 60-70% sprouting was recorded on 3% local sugar supplemented MS media for all the genotypes studied. Multiple shoots have been achieved from shoot apex explants of V1 genotype on BAP supplemented medium; proliferation of multiple shoots was achieved resulting in about 30 shoots/flask and rooted plantlets were transferred to field after hardening in vermiculture and sand mixture.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1994-95
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Improving sericultural productivity under irrigated condition-Development of package of practices for mulberry-Identification of mulberry varieties for protective irrigation. (RSRS, Kodathi)
Personnel :Mistri PK, Sabitha MG
Project Period :1992-1995
Objectives : To develop a package of practices for mulberry under protective irrigation conditions.
Results/Recommendations :A total of 9 varieties were taken for the study. Ten crosses were used and data were collected for the experimental period (maximum leaf yield of 49 MT/ha/yr in variety RFS175) followed by S13 with 46 MT/ha/yr was recorded. The varieties selected for the study were S34, S36, S54, Local, K2, MR2, RFS135, S13 and RFS175.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of superior mulberry varieties-Heterosis breeding- Multiple crossing.
Personnel :Prasad RN, Urs MKP, Venkateswarlu M
Project Period :1992-1997
Objectives :To identify the effect of three or more parents in a cross and to exploit maximum heterosis from parents of distant origin.
Results/Recommendations :21 three parent crosses and 11 four parent crosses were made and progeny was screened. 38 genotypes were isolated based on leaf yield and rooting ability and induced PYT along with parents and two checks (S36 and V1).
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Tissue culture techniques in mulberry breeding-In vitro screening of promising genotypes for tolerance to salinity.
Personnel :Tewary PK, Venkateswarlu M, Bajpai AK
Project Period :1992-1993
Objectives :To study the mulberry genotype in vitro for tolerance to salinity.
Results/Recommendations :Nodal explants of 8 evolved, 4 pipeline and in vitro raised plants of 18 mulberry genotypes were tested for salinity stress tolerance. The genotype S34, S13 and Acc.3 showed survivability upto 0.5% NaCl (saline stress condition). Jatinuni and C763 survived upto 0.2 percent NaCl induced stress.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of superior mulberry genotypes-Line x Tester analysis.
Personnel : Balakrishna R, Mogili T, Prasad RN
Project Period :1993-1995
Objectives :To identify the better combiner by estimating GCA and SCA effects.
Results/Recommendations :Out of 9 genotypes tested, Sujanpur-5, MR2 and Morus multicaulis showed higher GCA values and among 4 testers S-523 exhibited higher GCA value in respect of leaf yield.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1993-95
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Correlation between seedling vigour and future adult plant.
Personnel : Prasad RN, Sarkar A, Chaturvedi HK
Project Period :1993-1995
Objectives :To find out an effective selection criteria during early stage of growth which may be correlated with the yield performance of the future adult plant.
Results/Recommendations :
· The experiment was conducted with four different populations arisen out of Kanva-2 namely, open pollinated progeny of Kanva-2 (K2/OPH). Selfed progeny of Kanva-2 (K2 self), K2 x Kosen and K2 x RFS135. The study indicated that total length of all branches at 60 days after first pruning after transplantation in field from nursery exhibited highly significant correlation in all successive harvests.
· The total length of all the branches at 60 days after first pruning is a reliable indicator of yield potential in mulberry.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1994-95
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Standardization of protocol for anther culture to obtain androgenic haploid plants.
Personnel :Venkateswarlu M, Rajashekar, Tewary PK, Mohan Ram Rao D, Bajpai AK
Project Period :1993-1995
Objectives :To develop haploids and obtain homozygous lines by doubling the chromosomes of the androgenic haploid.
Results/Recommendations :
· Fresh anthers of RFS135, S27, S13, RFS176 and S799 were cultured on B5, modified B5 and N6 media supplemented with BAP:IBA, IAA, GA3: Zeatin, Glutamine and coconut water. Immature ovaries of K2, C763 and S36 showed bulging of 93%, 71% and 95% respectively. S36 ovaries cultured on MS medium supplemented with BAP and Zeatin produced shoots.
· Highest response of anthers was obtained on B5 medium with IBA, BAP, Caesin acid hyolysate, Methionine and coconut water in case of S34 (86.08%) and with the addition of Kinetin (1 mg/l), 92.0% in case of RFS135.
· Anthers of RFS135 remained green and showed maximum growth response (23.66%) on the same medium without coconut water. Addition of coconut water enhanced callusing but the callus turned brown within 60 days.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1993-95
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evaluation of mulberry genotypes under final yield trial.
Project Period :1993-1994
Objectives :To evaluate the superior mulberry cultivars for yield traits.
Results/Recommendations :The experiment was undertaken in collaboration with MBG laboratory. Eleven genotypes viz., V1, V2, V3, V4, G3. G9, S13, S36, S54 and K2 were tested by using PM x NB4D2 and NB4D2 x CC1 as test materials. Data revealed that in PM x NB4D2 ERR by number and weight, single cocoon weight and single shell weight were found significantly higher in larvae fed with V1 genotype leaves when compared to larvae fed with K2. In NB4D2 x CC1 also ERR by number and weight and the cocoon characters were improved in V1 genotype compared to K2 leaves.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1993-94
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Improving sericultural productivity under irrigated condition-Development of package of practices for mulberry-Identification of superior mulberry for chawki silkworm. (RSRS, Kodathi)
Personnel :Mistri PK, Nizamuddin S
Project Period :1993-1996
Objectives : To identify a suitable mulberry varity for chawki rearing
Results/Recommendations :A total of 7 varieties of mulberry were taken up. Analyzed data indicated variety TR10 was superior with respect to leaf yield. A leaf yield of 47.2 MT/ha/yr was recorded in TR10 followed by 41.41 MT/ha/yr under fertilizer dose of 300:180:150 kg/ha/yr. Hence, genotype TR10 may be recommended for raising chawki garden.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :On farm trials-Popularization of high yielding mulberry genotypes. (RSRS, Salem)
Personnel :Radhakrishnan S, Vijayalakshmi S, Chandrasekar M, Kapila ML
Project Period :1993-1995
Objectives : To popularize high yielding mulberry varieties among farmers.
Results/Recommendations : 20 acres of S36 and 2 acres of S13 were brought under cultivation at farmers field.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of superior mulberry varieties-Evaluation of hybrid material for adaptability and yield-Screening of open pollinated hybrid material –OPH.
Personnel :Susheelamma BN, Urs MKP
Project Period :1993-1997
Objectives :Evaluation of OPH varieties of mulberry for yield traits.
Results/Recommendations :Out of 3260 OPH seedlings,184 genotypes were selected initially based on growth and yield parameters. Finally, 24 genotypes were selected based on rooting and included in primary yield trial.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Tissue culture techniques in mulberry breeding-In vitro screening of promising genotypes for tolerance to alkalinity, salinity and drought stress.
Personnel :Tewary PK, Raghunath MK, Rajashekar K, Venkateswarlu M, Sarkar A
Project Period :1993-1996
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :Nodal explants of 45 selected mulberry genotypes were screened for alkalinity, salinity and drought stresses. The genotypes viz., Jatinuni, C763, LF-2, Suj-5, RFS135, S799, AR11, AR12, AR14, AR24, TR10, MR2, C763 and V4 survived upto 0.2% to 1.5% NaCl level. The genotypes S41, Acc.3, MR2, C763, RFS135, Suj-5, S799, LF2, TR10, AR03, AR11 survived upto 1-4% PEG level. Suj-5 and V-4 exhibited maximum tolerance upto an ESP of 31 and pH 8.5-9.5 (alkaline stress) respectively.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of superior mulberry varieties-Evaluation of genotypes for irrigated condition-Final yield trial II.
Personnel :Susheelamma BN, Sarkar A
Project Period :1993-1997
Objectives :To evaluate the mulberry genotypes for yield traits in irrigated conditions.
Results/Recommendations :Evaluation of genotypes along with 3 checks under irrigated conditions indicated that 2 genotypes viz., G-1 and G-7 recorded 61.85 and 57.41 MT/ha/yr compared to S36 with 42.08 MT/ha/yr. Bioassay and chemo-assay also proved the superiority of the identified genotypes.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :AICE programme for evaluating leaf yield efficacy of different mulberry varieties under rainfed conditions. (RSRS, Chamarajanagar)
Personnel :Mondal KC, Sathyanarayana K, Srinivas C, Avasarmol BV
Project Period :1994-1998
Objectives :To evaluate mulberry varieties under AICE programme.
Results/Recommendations :MERF5 recorded 8530 kg/ha/yr followed by MERF3 8500 kg/ha/yr against K2 with 8017 kg/ha/yr and local with 6552 kg/ha/yr. At sub unit (Kinakanahalli), MERF4 recorded highest yield of 11,988 kg/ha/yr.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Improving the sericultural productivity under rainfed/semi irrigated condition-Development of package of practices for mulberry-Evaluation of mulberry varieties of final yield trial experiments through bioassay. (RSRS, Kodathi)
Personnel : Koundinya PR, Shantala R
Project Period :1994-1995
Objectives : To evaluate the mulberry varieties through bioassay.
Results/Recommendations :Rearing was conducted in 3 seasons of a year. Higher survival and SR% was recorded in RFS175 fed batches compared to others.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of superior mulberry varieties-Evaluation of genotypes for irrigated condition-Final yield trial III.
Personnel :Mala VR, Balakrishna R, Sarkar A
Project Period :1994-1998
Objectives :To evaluate the mulberry genotypes for yield traits in irrigated condition.
Results/Recommendations :Evaluation of 6 genotypes along with 2 checks under irrigated condition indicated that 2 genotypes viz., G-4 and G-2 recorded 53.64 MT/ha/yr and 47.71 MT/ha/yr compared to S36 (40.19 MT/ha/yr) by 33.44 and 18.67% respectively. Bioassay and chemo-assay indicated the superiority of G-4 over S36.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on tissue culture application in mulberry propagation and breeding-Induction of androgenic and gynogenic haploids in mulberry genotypes.
Personnel : Venkateswarlu M, Tewary PK
Project Period :1994-1995
Objectives :To induce the androgenic and gynogenic haploids in mulberry genotypes.
Results/Recommendations :Fresh anthers of RFS135, S27, S13, RFS175, S799 and V1 were cultured on B5 and N6 media. An average of 68-96% anther expansion and 2.34-8.34% callus induction and 1.23-3.26% embryoids were observed in above mentioned genotypes. Addition of 5 gm NaCl to the media enhanced the anther expansion and callus induction. Immature female flowers of K2, C763, S36, V1 and Suj-5 were cultured on MS media. Bulging of ovary was recorded in all the genotypes whereas callus induction was recorded in S36, V1 and K2.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on tissue culture application in mulberry propagation and breeding-Rapid in vitro multiplication of elite mulberry genotypes.
Personnel :Raghunath MK, Tewary PK
Project Period :1994-1996
Objectives :Multiplication of elite mulberry varieties through tissue culture.
Results/Recommendations :Cost effective micro propagation process for S36, V1, S13 and S34 was tried and it was concluded that the production process can be made cost effective by replacing costly ingredients namely table sugar and China grass. Hardening of in vitro plants under polytunnel by using soil + sand + FYM mixture (2:1:1) was found best by achieving about 90% survivability.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on qualitative and quantitative improvement in mulberry leaf under semi arid conditions in Andhra Pradesh-Testing of high yielding mulberry varieties with V1. (RSRS, Ananthapur)
Personnel :Suryanarayana N, Reddy PS, Naidu BVV, Reddy MP
Project Period :1995-1998
Objectives : To test high yielding mulberry varieties.
Results/Recommendations :A comparative evaluation study based on leaf yield was carried out with 4 high yielding mulberry varieties viz., S13, Anantha, V1 and Ber C776. Leaf yield data of 10 crops showed that Anantha variety has recorded higher leaf yield of 19.30% over V1, 28.30% over S13 and 78.95% over Ber C776. Bioassay studies under the experiment indicated that all the 4 varieties are on par and there is no significant difference in ERR, cocoon weight, shell weight, SR% and reeling parameters. The experiment is concluded with the observation that Anantha has shown significant higher leaf yield with 68 MT/ha/yr followed by V1 (57 MT/ha/yr), S13 (53 MT/ha/yr) and Ber C776 (38 MT/ha/yr).
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evaluation of alkaline resistant mulberry genotypes and leaf production under different reclamation treatment. (RSRS, Chamarajanagar)
Personnel :Mondal KC, Avasarmol BV, Srinivas C, Sathyanarayana K, Mogili T, Reddy MM, Umadevi K, Kamble CK, Sarkar A
Project Period :1995-1998
Objectives :To evaluate mulberry genotypes under alkaline and reclamation treatment conditions.
Results/Recommendations :Five high yielding alkaline resistant genotypes evaluated indicated that the genotype AR12 exhibited maximum leaf yield in all the 3 treatments viz.,
· Under natural alkaline soil without reclamation
· Reclamation with inorganic amendments.
· Reclamation with organic amendments recorded 15072.417, 17552.562 and 14127.557 kg/ha/yr respectively. Minimum yield was recorded in Local.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evaluation of mulberry genotypes under irrigated conditions in alkaline soils (AICES). (RSRS, Salem)
Personnel :Chinnadurai V, Vijayakuamar R, Govindaiah, Vijayaraghavan K
Project Period :1995-1998
Objectives :To evaluate mulberry genotypes under irrigated conditions in alkaline soils.
Results/Recommendations :Totally 12 leaf harvests and 2 bioassay rearings were conducted with 8 mulberry genotypes. S1635 recorded the highest leaf yield (36100 kg/ha/yr) followed by S1 (35923 kg/ha/yr). DD, S36, MR2 and S1635 performed better than other genotypes for cocoon yield.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of superior mulberry varieties-Evaluation genotypes for irrigated condition-Final yield trial.
Personnel :Balakrishna R, Sarkar A
Project Period :1995-1999
Objectives :To evaluate the mulberry varieties for yield traits under irrigated condition.
Results/Recommendations :The experiment was initiated with five promising genotypes in randomized block design along with V1 and S36 as checks during the year 1995-96. Data on leaf yield and yield contributing characters was recorded for three years after the establishment. Pooled analysis of 3 years leaf yield data indicated that the genotype number 7 recorded significantly higher leaf yield over V1. Genotype number 6 exhibited marginally higher values for economic characters in bioassay.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of superior mulberry varieties-Heterosis breeding-Development of inbred lines.
Personnel :Jhansi Lakshmi K, Kesavacharyulu K
Project Period :1995-1999
Objectives :Development of superior mulberry varieties through inbreeding.
Results/Recommendations :Selfing was done in 15 monoecious genotypes of germplasm collection for S1 progeny of genotypes viz., Mysore Local, S146, C763, S799, Acc.119 and Acc.121 were raised. Growth data of S1 progeny was recorded. Vigorously growing S1 plants suitable for utilization in hybridization program were identified. Selfing was done in 15 monoecious S1 lines and 288 seeds were obtained from10 selfed S1 plants, which were sown in pots to raise short term inbreds. 16 S1 lines were crossed with V1 and 3 S1 lines were crossed with S36 to exploit heterosis. Total 2735 hybrid seeds were collected and sown in pots. The S1 and S2 progeny will be utilized in future hybridization programs to exploit heterosis.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of superior mulberry varieties-Identification of mulberry genotypes for tolerance to different stress factors-Identification of genotypes tolerant to moisture stress-Final yield trial.
Personnel :Mogili T, Sarkar A, Srinivas C, Dayananda, Mondal KC
Project Period :1995-1999
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :The final yield trail experiment has been established at RSRS, Chamarajanagar, a chronic drought prone area with five genotypes selected from PYT with S13, S34 and Local as checks and V1 on an entry. After establishment, two years data has been recorded and analyzed. Two years mean leaf yield data revealed that genotypes AR-10 (9,278 kg/ha/yr) and AR-11 (9,032 kg/ha/yr) were superior over S13 (7,948 kg/ha/yr) by 16.7 and 13.6% respectively.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of superior mulberry varieties-Identification of mulberry genotypes for tolerance to different stress factors-Identification of genotypes tolerant to alkalinity-final yield.
Personnel :Mogili T, Sarkar A, Sathyanarayana K, Munirathnam Reddy M, Singhvi NR, Umadevi K
Project Period :1995-2000
Objectives :To recommend a mulberry genotype tolerant to alkaline soil and generating information on soil management.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of superior mulberry varieties-Transfer of technology-Top working to replace local mulberry varieties.
Personnel :Mogili T, Balakrishna R, Urs MKP, Jalaja SK, Rajashekar K, Jhansi Lakshmi K
Project Period :1995-1997
Objectives :Development of superior mulberry varieties.
Results/Recommendations :The technology was demonstrated to 1444 individuals including farmers, State Government Officials, PGDS, STC students and teachers.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of superior mulberry varieties-Transfer of technology-Multiplication by green wood cuttings.
Personnel :Mogili T, Jhansi Lakshmi K, Rajashekar K, Balakrishna R
Project Period :1995-1997
Objectives :To undertake the TOT programme for multiplication of mulberry through green wood cuttings.
Results/Recommendations :The technology was demonstrated to 216 individuals including farmers, State Government Officials, CSB staff and trainees.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on tissue culture application in mulberry propagation and breeding-Development of protocols for large scale propagation of elite mulberry genotypes through encapsulation techniques.
Personnel :Tewary PK
Project Period :1995-1995
Objectives :Large scale propagation of elite mulberry varieties through encapsulation techniques.
Results/Recommendations :Shoot buds from axenic cultures of V1 and S34 were encapsulated in calcium alginate matrix and plated on different substrates. 80-90 percent sprouting was recorded on MS medium supplemented with BAP. Whereas, about 70 percent sprouting was observed on soil rite and cotton moistured with MS+BAP (1.0 mgm). Multiple shoots were obtained. The complete plantlets were hardened and transferred to field.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Screening of genotypes for tolerance to coconut shade.
Personnel : Jalaja SK, Balakrishna R, Sarkar A
Project Period :1996-2001
Objectives : To test and verify the adaptability of shade tolerant mulberry genotype K2 x Kosen as an intercrop with coconut plantation under Kerala condition.
Results/Recommendations :The experiment was carried out with 16 promising genotypes screened from a large population to identify a suitable mulberry genotypes that would produce reasonably higher leaf yield under coconut shade without much reduction in yield and deterioration in quality. The experiment was conducted in augumented RBD under coconut shade and parallel trial in open condition for comparisions. The analysis of two years leaf yield data indicated that genotype Kanva-2 x Kosen produced the highest leaf yield of 44.4 MT/ha/yr followed by RFS-135 of 41.37 MT/ha/yr in comparison to check variety Kanva-2 which produced 28.47 MT/ha/yr. Bioassay study also indicated the superiority of genotype Kanva-2 x Kosen was multiplied for taking up on farm trial with coconut plantation under Kerala condition.
Development of a mulberry genotype suitable under coconut shade will provide an additional income to the farmers apart from increasing the cocoon production in the country.
Source of Information :Annual Report:2000-01, Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore-2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :In vitro screening of mulberry genotypes for tolerance to abiotic stresses.
Personnel : Tewary PK, Raghunath MK, Sarkar A
Project Period :1996-2000
Objectives :To identify genetic materials tolerant to abiotic stresses.
Results/Recommendations :Out of 10 GPB genotypes tested on stress media, the genotype Morus multicaulis followed by LF2 and Ber.S1 were found exhibiting maximum tolerance to salt stress (NaCl-0.5%, pH 9.0) with regard to sprouting percentage and shoot length, however, none of the genotypes showed tolerance to drought stress.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1999-2000
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Development of mulberry genotypes for marginal and wasteland cultivation-Development of suitable mulberry varieties for tree cultivation.
Personnel : Susheelamma BN, Jalaja SK, Venkateswarlu M, Sarkar A
Project Period :1996-2000
Objectives :To identify genotypes suitable for the tree plantation in waste lands and watershed areas.
Results/Recommendations :Data indicated that variety V1 produced the maximum leaf yield of 6770.80 kg/ha/yr followed by BR-2 (5774.30 kg/ha/yr) and S13 (5753.40 kg/ha/yr) in comparison to the check variety S36 which produced 3977.40 kg/ha/yr. The chemical composition of leaf revealed the superiority of the genotype V1 and S13 in comparison to other genotypes tested.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1999-2000
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Application of tissue culture technique in mulberry breeding-Induction of gynogenic haploids in mulberry genotypes.
Personnel :Venkateswarlu M, Tewary PK
Project Period :1996-2000
Objectives :To induce gynogenic haploids in mulberry genotypes.
Results/Recommendations :Immature female flowers of V-1, S30, S36, K2 and M. multicaulis genotypes were cultured on MS, B5, RT, N6 media supplemented with BAP, Kn, Zeatin, IBA, IAA, 2,4-D, GA3, Glutamine, Methionine, Proline, CH, LS and Sucrose. Only ovary bulging was recorded in above genotypes. Ovules of S30, S36 and K2 genotypes were isolated from swollen ovaries of above cultures and cultured on MS medium supplemented with BAP, Kn, 2,4-D and IBA to achieve organogenesis. No organogenesis achieved. Haploid plantlets could not be developed.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No :CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Response of promising mulberry genotypes on abiotic stress media under in vitro condition.
Personnel :Aradhana Sharma, Tewary PK
Project Period :1996-1997
Objectives :
· To standardize the optimal hormonal concentration for inducing shoot from individual mulberry genotypes on culture media.
· To determine the doses of different stress factors i.e., sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and bicarbonate (NaHCO3), Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) for creating different stresses.
· To test genotypes on salt and drought stress media and to screen the tolerant genotypes by studying the in vitro parameters.
Results/Recommendations :It is revealed from the data that genotypes V3 ranked significantly higher than V2, V4 and stood near to the check variety (S13) in terms of sprouting percentage and shoot length. This gave an indication that as V3 is higher leaf yielder under normal in vivo condition, its performance can be tested at ought region.
Source of Information :M.Sc.Dissertation, 1997
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Development of genotypes under resource constraints-Identification of genotypes under fertilizer and irrigation constraints.
Personnel : Urs MKP, Rajashekar K, Sarkar A
Project Period :1997-2002
Objectives :To identify genotypes which can produce reasonably satisfactory yield under sub optimal conditions and higher yield when such stresses are removed.
Results/Recommendations :In the case of optimal irrigation, the genotype V1 produced the highest yield in all the fertilizer stress conditions followed by RC2 and RC1. In sub-optimal irrigated condition RC1 produced the highest leaf yield in all fertilizer treatments followed by RC2. It is also observed that the yield of S36 has drastically reduced when full irrigation schedule was not followed.
Source of Information :Annual Report:2001-02
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :In vitro screening of pipe line (Final yield trial) mulberry genotypes for tolerance to salt and drought stress.
Personnel : Tewary PK, Raghunath MK
Project Period :1997-2001
Objectives :To screen genetic materials tolerant to drought and saline stresses.
Results/Recommendations :The genotype LF-2 and Morus multicaulis were found exhibiting maximum tolerance to salt stress (pH 9.0) with regard to root induction percentage, number of roots per shoot and root length. Rhizogenesis under stress condition clearly indicated that the in vitro screened genotypes are suitable for salt stress conditions.
Source of Information :Annual Report:2000-01
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Development of protocol for micro propagation of elite mulberry genotypes.
Personnel :Raghunath MK, Tewary PK
Project Period :1997-1998
Objectives :To develop protocol for micro-propagation of promising mulberry genotypes through bud culture and also to achieve cost effectiveness.
Results/Recommendations :Shoot apex of nodal explants of AR-12 were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 24 different concentrations of BAP, Kn, IBA, and GA3 for shoot induction. Maximum shoot growth obtained in case of shoot apex explants on BAP (8 mg/l) whereas nodal explants on BAP (1 mg/l) respectively. In order to achieve cost effectiveness, the costly gelling agents viz., agar was replaced by cheap ingredient like sago alone and in combination with china grass. Maximum sprouting of 70-80% and shoot length of 3.2-3.5 cm were recorded in China grass (12 g/l) alone followed by 60-65% sprouting and 2.6-4.0 cm shoot length in Sago (150 g/l) alone. In vitro raised shoots of AR12 were sub cultured on 1/4 MS medium supplemented with IBA (1 mg/l) and gelled with china grass (12 g/l), Sago (150 g/l) and liquid medium for rooting. Maximum root induction of 75% and root length of 2.85 cm were achieved in Sago gelled medium.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1997-98
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evaluation of mulberry germplasm genotypes for foliar disease resistance.
Personnel : Chandrashekar DS, Tomy Philip
Project Period :1997-1998
Objectives :To identify the resistant genotypes for leaf rust and leaf spot diseases.
Results/Recommendations :Field evaluation of 32 genotypes indicated that Acc.148, Kairyorosa, Acc.177, Acc.167 and Nadigam were found to be moderately resistant (0-5% PDI) to leaf rust, whereas Kairyorosa, Acc.177, Acc.167, Acc.221, MS9, Acc.146, Nadigam BS1 VAR1, Jagtul and Meergund-6 were moderately resistant (0-5% PDI) to leaf spot diseases. The check variety was Acc.202 for leaf rust and Sujanpur-5 for leaf spot.
Source of Information :Annual Report:1997-98
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evaluation of high yielding mulberry genotypes under irrigated condition of alkaline soils (Testing of V1 variety). (RSRS, Salem)
Personnel :Chinnadurai V, Dahira Beevi, Vijayakumar R, Vijayaraghavan K
Project Period :1997-2000
Objectives : To evaluate mulberry genotypes under irrigated conditions in alkaline soils.
Results/Recommendations :Totally 10 crop leaf yield data recorded. The genotypes V1 recorded the highest leaf yield of 47,660 kg/ha/yr > S36 43,225 kg/ha/yr > MR2 39,560 kg/ha/yr.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of superior mulberry varieties-Evaluation of hybrid material for adaptability and yield-Selection of superior genotypes suitable for young and late age bivoltine silkworms.
Personnel :Mogili T, Sarkar A
Project Period :1997-1999
Objectives :Selection of superior mulberry genotype for young and late age silkworms.
Results/Recommendations :Thirty promising genotypes, which were isolated from 7000 seedlings, raised from 45 cross combinations were subjected to primary yield trial along with S36 and V1 as checks. Pooled data of two years under PYT indicated that 3 genotypes namely No.24 (M. multicaulis x S13), No.19 (M. multicaulis x S34) and No.3 (M. multicaulis x K2 4x) have over yielded to V1 by 21.7, 16.1 and 12.7% respectively. Genotypes 19 and 23 recorded moulting percentage of 93 and 92.5% in comparison to V1 of 89.9%. Along with these 3 genotypes, other 3 genotype No.23, 27 and 6 which were on par to check have been isolated and included in FYT under PPPBST program.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evolution of superior mulberry varieties-Evaluation of hybrid material for adaptability and yield-Screening of CPH-IV.
Personnel :Balakrishna R, Mogili T, Kesavacharyulu K
Project Period :1997-2000
Objectives :To evaluate the hybrid mulberry for adaptability and yield traits.
Results/Recommendations :The experiment was initiated with crossing promising varieties and high combining parents. The collected 14,000 seeds were sown and drastic rejection was made before transferring of progeny to the field. Periodical observations were made on morphological and yield contributing characters. The short listed 109 hybrid seedlings were subjected for rooting test. Based on the two years performance and rooting higher than 70%, 16 hybrids have been short-listed for further evaluation under primary yield evaluation.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Promotion of popularizing the practical bivoltine sericulture technology (PPPBST) under JICA-Mulberry cultivation-Verification, demonstration and popularization of new mulberry varieties and cultivation technology.
Personnel :Sarkar A, Balakrishna R, Thippeswamy T, Urs MKP, Mogili T
Project Period :1997-2002
Objectives :Popularization high yielding mulberry variety, under JICA programme.
Results/Recommendations :Survey was conducted time to time in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh and a total of 142 farmers under 10 TSC areas were considered for verification of technologies. 120 selected farmers were covered with V1 variety (136.23 acres) during program. Established 10 demonstration plots with V1/S36 varieties in I-J spacing (90+180) x 60 cm/modified I-J (150+90) x 60 cm. Demonstrated the cultivation package in all the target areas to all the selected farmers and all the CRCs each time during all 17 field trials. Monitored the adoption mulberry cultivation activities by periodical visits of experts and counterparts. The adoption of package resulted in higher yield and better quality a leaf suitable for bivoltine silkworm rearing. The average leaf yield of V1 recorded as 63.2 MT/ha/yr and the existing K2/MR2 varieties as 43.8 MT/ha/yr. Nursery raising technique was demonstrated at Sericultural Training School, Hassan and to progressive farmers at CRC Kuppam.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Promotion of popularizing the practical bivoltine sericulture technology (PPPBST) under JICA-Mulberry cultivation-Multiplication of region specific mulberry varieties.
Personnel :Balakrishna R, Sarkar A
Project Period :1997-2002
Objectives :Multiplication of region specific mulberry varieties.
Results/Recommendations :Developed 5 acres of breeder’s stock of V1 mulberry at CSR&TI, Mysore for supply of pure cutting material both under demonstration and popularization programs. Supplied 173.45 MT of seed material to selected JICA farmers and to DOS farms and progressive farmers.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Promotion of popularizing the practical bivoltine sericulture technology (PPPBST) under JICA-Mulberry cultivation-Improvement of mulberry breeding and cultivation technology (i) Improvement and testing of evolved genotypes.
Personnel :Mogili T, Sarkar A, Balakrishna R
Project Period :1997-2002
Objectives :To identify genotypes suitable for late age and young age silkworm rearing.
Results/Recommendations :Two yield evaluation experiments with 6 selected genotypes have been established separately for identification of genotypes suitable for late age (FYT-I/99) and young age (FYT-II/99) silkworm rearing. So far two years data from FYT-I/99 was recorded. Analysis of two years leaf yield data indicated that G. No.4 yielding a marginal high (61.72 MT/ha) over V1 (57.8 MT/ha/yr) by 6.8%. So far from FYT II/99 two years data has been recorded. Analysis of two years mean leaf yield data indicated that two genotypes viz., 2(38.86 MT/ha/yr) and 5(36.279 MT/ha/yr) produced significantly; higher chawki leaf yield over S36 (29.275 MT/ha/yr) by 32.7 and 23.9% and over V1 by 20.7 and 12.7% respectively. Shootlet feeding over leaf harvested by picking and variety V1, G.No.2 and 5 found superior in chawki rearing.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Promotion of popularizing the practical bivoltine sericulture technology (PPPBST) under JICA-Mulberry cultivation-Improvement of mulberry breeding and cultivation technology (2) Experiment on spacing to study the possible modification of recommended I-J spacing and their comparative evolution with respect to yield and quality of leaf.
Personnel :Urs MKP, Thippeswamy T, Sarkar A
Project Period :1997-2002
Objectives :To study the I-J spacing for mulberry to evaluate the yield and quality of leaf.
Results/Recommendations :To test the possibility of further modification of recommended spacing, an experiment was established with V1 variety under (120+90) x 60 cm (150+90) x 60 cm and 90 x 90 cm spacing. So far five harvests of 1st year and two harvests of 2nd year were recorded. Analysis of annual yield of 1st ear indicated that the spacing (120+90) x 60 cm produced a marginal high yield of 52,821 kg/ha/yr over (150+90) x 60 cm spacing also exhibiting the similar trend.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Promotion of popularizing the practical bivoltine sericulture technology (PPPBST) under JICA-Mulberry cultivation-Improvement of mulberry breeding and cultivation technology (i) Improvement of technical manuals.
Personnel :Sarkar A, Balakrishna R, Thippeswamy T, Urs MKP, Mogili T
Project Period :1997-2002
Objectives :To improve the mulberry cultivation technology under PPPBST.
Results/Recommendations : The results indicated that both broadcasting and the placement of fertilizers have similar effect with no significant difference in leaf yield. At all CRCs and farmers of target areas, training of plants, method of shoot thinning was demonstrated for quality leaf production. Prepared and published an illustrated working process on mulberry cultivation technologies and distributed to all the selected farmers and staff of target areas.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Promotion of popularizing the practical bivoltine sericulture technology (PPPBST) under JICA-Mulberry cultivation-Training and guidance to technical staff of CSB and DOS.
Personnel : Urs MKP, Sarkar A, Balakrishna R, Thippeswamy T, Mogili T
Project Period :1997-2002
Objectives :To train the technical staff and CSB and DOS under PPPBST.
Results/Recommendations :Trained 365 officials of DOS and CSB on mulberry cultivation technology under training programs on chawki rearing and late age rearing techniques, bivoltine rearing, trainers training, silkworm races maintenance and refresher courses organized by Training Division. All the 142 selected farmers were given guidance on the use of the new varieties, fertilizer application, irrigation, row/plant thinning and shoot thinning during the field visits of counterparts and experts during each field trials. Supplied pruning saw and secateurs to all the selected farmers and CRC farms and on spot guidance was provided on pruning and training of plants for the development of ideal stump. Under farmers training program, 112 farmers were trained on mulberry cultivation technologies.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Promotion of popularizing the practical bivoltine sericulture technology (PPPBST) under JICA-Mulberry cultivation-Enlightenment activities for expanding mulberry cultivation technology for bivoltine silkworm.
Personnel : Thippeswamy T, Sarkar A, Balakrishna R, Urs MKP, Mogili T
Project Period :1997-2002
Objectives :To provide technical guidance to extension staff of sericulture under PPPBST.
Results/Recommendations :Technical guidance on mulberry cultivation technologies was provided to 33 technical staff through awareness programs, 274 officials of DOS through group discussion, 921 officials under enlightenment program, 82 officials through field days and 909 officials of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu through one-day training program. Enlightened 5256 farmers on mulberry cultivation technology through 42 enlightenment programs, 9 field days and 13 group discussions were conducted from 1997 to 2002.
Source of Information :Directory of Concluded Projects of CSRTI, Mysore- 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on character association in some high yielding mulberry genotypes cultivated under coconut shade and open conditions.
Personnel : Kavitha V, Balakrishna R
Project Period:1998-1999
Objectives :To study the association of characters of leaf production and the quality of leaf produced in some high yielding mulberry genotypes raised both under coconut shade and in open areas.
Results/Recommendations :Based on the study of genotype Kanva-2 x Kosen which recorded maximum and significantly higher leaf yield under coconut shade and also recorded highest mean leaf yield both under coconut shade and in full sunshine is identified as a promising mulberry genotype which is tolerant to coconut shade.
Source of Information :M.Sc. Dissertation,1999
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evaluation of hybrid material for adaptability and yield-Controlled pollinated hybrid.
Personnel : Urs MKP, Venkateswarlu M
Project Period :1999-2001
Objectives :To evaluate the controlled pollinated hybrid for adaptability.
Results/Recommendations :The experiment was initiated by crossing representative parents from different clusters with high yielding varieties to get better segregates.The analysis of data on variability in the population indicated that 87 hybrids (8.43%) recorded higher values (Mean + SD) for both the characters. High co-efficient of variation indicated that possibility of obtaining superior genotypes in segregation progeny. 70 hybrids have been short listed and subjected for rooting ability. Two years correlation study of root ability indicates the possibility of reducing the time for initial selection.
Source of Information :Annual Report: 2000-01
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Project No.:CSM
Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Second generation breeding-crossing, screening and selection of genotypes for preliminary evaluation of selected genotypes under sub-optimal irrigated condition-Preliminary yield evaluation of the selected genotypes under sub-optimal irrigated condition.
Personnel : Keshavacharyulu K, Balakrishna R, Sarkar A, Dandin SB
Project Period :2000-2005
Objectives :
· To generate high variable population and to screen the segregated progenies suitable for sub-optimal irrigated condition.
· To isolate promising mulberry genotypes based on leaf yield and other growth characters under sub-optimal irrigated conditions for testing in final yield trial.
Results/Recommendations :
· Pooled leaf yield data of four crops indicated that under sub-optimal irrigated conditions, significantly higher leaf yield was recorded in 5 genotypes (32.7 to 36.4%) against V1, 5 genotypes (35.7 to 39.5%) against G4, genotypes 32.1 to 33.2%) against RC-1 and 5 genotypes (37.2 to 41.1%) against RC-2
· Under optimal irrigated conditions, significantly higher leaf yield was recorded in genotypes (16.5 and 33.7%) against V1, 3 genotypes (18.7 to 40.4%) against G-4, 11 genotypes (20.2 to 64.1%) against RC-1 and 24 genotypes (22.7 to 79.4%) against RC-2.
Source of Information :Annual Report:2005-06
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Distribution, maintenance and performance of improved mulberry variety, V1 in different areas of Karnataka under farmer's condition.
Personnel : Jalaja SK, Mallikarjuna B, Sarkar A
Project Period :2000-2003
Objectives :To understand the productivity of variety V1 in different districts of Karnataka and feasibility of spreading the variety to other areas.
Results/Recommendations :All the seven districts covered under the study were classified into three zones namely irrigated and favourable climatic condition (Bangalore, Kolar and Mandya) semi irrigated and dry condition (Tumkur, Chitradurga and Dharwad) and poor irrigation and dry, hot condition (Raichur). The yield level in Bangalore, Kolar and Mandya district varied from 37,596 to 69,760 kg/ha/yr with an average of 59,208 kg/ha/yr. In Tumkur, Chitradurga and Dharwad, yield level varied from 25,650 to 35,840 kg/ha/yr with an average of 32,832 kg/ha/yr. In the extreme climatic conditions of Raichur the yield of V1 varied from 17,750 to 31,250 kg/ha/yr depending on the availability of water for irrigation with an average of 22,980kg/ha/yr.
Source of Information :Annual Report:2002-03
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Variation in foliar epidermal appendages in different varieties of mulberry at ultra structural level and their relationship with silkworm feeding.
Personnel :Keshavacharyulu K, Sarkar A, Vineet Kumar
Project Period :2000-2003
Objectives :To determine the varietal differences with respect to the foliar trichomes and to correlate the same with the silkworm feeding for aiding selection of superior genotypes at juvenile stage.
Results/Recommendations :The role of glandular trichomes in silkworm feeding has not been identified so far. The study might be helpful in identifying the genotypes at the selection stage for their acceptability in silkworm feeding.
Source of Information :Annual Report:2002-03
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on in vitro flowering and fertilization in mulberry.
Personnel : Samrat Seal, Tewary PK
Project Period :2000-2001
Objectives :To induce in vitro flowers in mulberry using different growth regulators and to study the floral behaviour.
Results/Recommendations :It is concluded that it would be possible to pollinate female flowers under in vitro condition.
Source of Information :M.Sc. Dissertation, 2001
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Project No :CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Genome analysis in mulberry:DNA profiling of important germplasm using molecular markers and development of mapping population.
Personnel : Sarkar A, Venkateswarlu M, Chitra S
Funding Source : DBT, New Delhi
Project Period :2000-2003
Objectives :To understand the variation in DNA content in different ploidy levels.
Results/Recommendations :
· The study confirmed the high discriminatory power of the technique in separating closely related RFS135 and RFS175 (both OPH of K2) by the presence of some unique marker in the former (eg.OPA-03 450, OPA-04 1450, OPA-04 1000, OPA-07 1450, etc.). The genetic distance between the two was estimated as 0.056. The similarity co-efficient between Kousen and Xuan10 was as high as 99.5% and practically designated to be redundant. UPGMA method clearly depicts cluster formation by duplicate germplasm based on similarity co-efficient values. The work provides a reliable system for identification of duplicate/redundant collections in the mulberry germplasm using RAPD analysis along with morphological and passport data.
· Development of mapping population :A mapping population consisting of 2666 progeny of the cross Mysore Local x V1 has been already raised and maintained in a plot of 0.4 acre. About 250 randomly selected plants from the mapping population were multiplied for planting under ARBD.
Source of Information :Annual Report:2002-01
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Evaluation of mulberry germplasm.
Personnel : Keshavacharyulu K, Mogili T
Project Period :2001-2006
Objectives : To evaluate the short listed indigenous and exotic germplasm genotypes at eight test centers located in temperate, sub-tropical, tropical humid and tropical dry zones.
Results/Recommendations :Data on leaf yield and yield attributing parameters, moisture content and moisture retention capacity of leaves were recorded. The analysis of 12 crops data indicated that genotypes differed significantly in respect of leaf yield and yield contributing characters but one of the test genotypes recorded higher leaf yield over check variety, V1. However, few genotypes exhibited significantly higher value for different yield contributing characters.
Source of Information :Annual Report:2004-06
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :All India Co-ordinated Experimental trials for mulberry under mulberry variety authorization programme of Central Silk Board.
Personnel : Urs MKP, Balakrishna R
Project Period :2001-2006
Objectives :Evaluating the mulberry genotypes evolved by breeds of CSB, Universities and other institutes in different eco-zones of Karnataka.
Results/Recommendations :Analysis of pooled data of 3rd year indicated tht MV-1 (56,095 kg/ha/yr) recorded significantly higher yield over national check (51,128 kg/ha/yr). As per the guidelines, second bio-assay with test genotype were conducted. Analysis of data indicated significant variability among the mulberry genotypes for economic traits like ERR by weight, ERR by number, single cocoon weight, single shell weight and shell ratio.
Source of Information :Annual Report:2005-06
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on the functional relationship between yield performance of mulberry and environment.
Personnel : Sarkar A, Rekha M
Project Period :2001-2003
Objectives :To identify a functional relationship between yield of mulberry and environmental parameters which may ultimately lead to predication of the crop productivity.
Results/Recommendations :
· The study indicated that the contribution of different meteorological parameters for the biomass production of mulberry varied with seasons, the minimum temperature during growth period being the common. Hence, a prediction model for leaf production during chawki and late age silkworm rearing has been developed using minimum temperature and growth in early stage through regression with 70-97% accuracy. Once the leaf yield is predicted it is easy to assess the volume of rearing at CRC and farmers level.
· The generalized regression equations were also computed irrespective of variety and found those a good fit with the R2 value above 90% in both the cases.
Y1= 20.89+1.91 X1 -0.43 X2 (Adj R2: 0.931).
Y2= 362.98 + 4.90 X1-18.82 X2 (Adj R2:0.921).
Where Y1 and Y2 are the predicted yield at 40th day of pruning, respectively and X1 and X2 are the leaf yield at 30th day and average minimum temperature, respectively.
Source of Information :Annual Report:2002-03
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :RAPD marker analysis of Mysore local, V1 and its progenies.
Personnel : Jyothi Parkash, Girish Naik V
Project Period :2001-2002
Objectives :To use the RAPD techniques as a tool to establish inheritance pattern of molecular markers in a unique crosses, involving distinct parents namely Mysore local and V1 mulberry varieties.
Results/Recommendations :It is concluded that RAPD markers can be used as a technique for marker assisted selection in breeding and development of molecular linkage map of mulberry.
Source of Information :M.Sc. Dissertation, 2002
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Development of in vitro techniques for callus-Standardization of protocol for regeneration from different explant cultures in elite mulberry genotypes.
Personnel : Raghunath MK, Ravindran S
Project Period :2002-2006
Objectives :To develop an efficient protocol for regeneration through indirect organogenesis from different explant culture of elite mulberry genotypes.
Results/Recommendations :Leaf stem and petiole explants from in vivo and in vitro plants of AR-12 and S13 were cultured on modified MS media to induce shoot buds . The leaf cultures of AR-12 and S-13 exhibited 30-50% of shoot buds induction. These adventitious shoot buds were initiated in the upper surface of leaf explants of AR-12 and S14 genotypes on MS and modified MS media supplemented with TDZ (.1 mg/d), IAA (2.0 mg/l), ABA (1.0 mg/l-3.0mg/l).
The sprouted shoot buds were transferred to MS media supplemented with BAP (0.5 mg/l) alone or in combination with GA-3 (1.0-2.0 mg/l), IBA (0.5 mg/l), AgNO3 (1.0-5.0 mg/l) for shoot elongation. The elongated in vitro shoots were sub-cultured on MS media supplemented with NAA/IBA (0.5-1.0 mg/l) for rhizogenesis. 60-80% rhizogenesis was observed in both the tested genotypes. The well rooted in vitro plants were kept for hardening in soil + sand + FYM mixture. 60-70% survivability was achieved during hardening.
Source of Information :Annual Report:2005-06
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Breeding of mulberry for higher photosynthetic efficiency and studies on variability pattern.
Personnel : Jalaja SK, Kodandaramaiah J, Mogili T
Project Period :2002-2005
Objectives :To identify genotypes having high photosynthetic efficiency and to see the inheritance pattern which could be utilized in the breeding programme.
Results/Recommendations :Data on branching, total biomass, total shoot length, SPAD, photosynthetic rate and vigour of the plant were recorded for the progeny. The variability for biological yield in different crosses is based on the high biomass, high photosynthetic rate and other visual leaf parameters, 150 genotypes were selected and are being maintained for evaluating rooting ability.
Source of Information :Annual Report:2004-05
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Effect of induced drought and flooding on morphology, physiology and anatomy of two mulberry genotypes with varying degrees of drought tolerance.
Personnel : Sweta Paul, Jalaja SK
Project Period :2002-2003
Objectives :To find out the morphological, physiological and anatomical traits of mulberry contributing the tolerance for drought and flooding and to compare the plasticity in the adaptive features of the selected mulberry varieties to different levels of water availability.
Results/Recommendations :
· The results indicated that stress, whether due to drought or flooding had an adverse impact on plant growth, leaf yield and other yield attributes. The physiological and biochemical parameters also showed drastic reduction under water deficit and flooding treatments with the genotypes S13 showing slightly higher values for leaf yield than S36.
· The anatomical traits of S13 for drought tolerance are not only superior to S36 but it is also more plastic with the varying types of stress.
Source of Information :M.Sc. Dissertation, 2003
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Primary yield evaluation of mulberry genotypes under irrigated condition.
Personnel : Balakrishna R, Keshavacharyulu K, Urs MKP
Project Period :2003-2006
Objectives :To identify promising mulberry genotypes with significant improvement in yield and quality under irrigated conditions for further testing under final yield trial.
Results/Recommendations :The primary yield trial plot was established with 24 test genotypes in RBD along with V1 and S36 (checks) in three replications.
Analysis of pooled leaf yield data of five crops of first year indicated highest leaf yield of 53.052 kg/ha/yr in G.No.13 followed by 50.301 kg/ha/yr in G. No.7 in comparison to check variety V1 (44.301 kg/ha/yr) and 36 (43.959 kg/hg/yr) with yield increase of 19.7% and 13.5% over V1 and 20.7% and 14.4% over S36 respectively.
Pooled leaf yield data of three crops of second year indicated that genotype Nos.8, 13 and 16 recorded significantly higher leaf yields (12.0 to 29.4%) over S36 (24,498 kg/ha), genotypes No. 8 and 13 exhibited significantly higher leaf yields (7.9% and 15.5%) over variety V1 (27,457 kg/ha).
Source of Information :Annual Report:2005-06
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Fast track breeding: Development of an efficient model for screening and preliminary selection of potential genotypes at the shortest possible time through repeatability analysis-Repeatability analysis of yield and yield contributing parameters at juvenile stage in mulberry during early screening of progeny.
Personnel : Sarkar A, Rekha M, Keshavacharyulu K
Project Period :2003-2006
Objectives :To make an early decision to advance promising individual genotypes to the next stage i.e., primary yield evaluation stage and to find out the optimum number of data recordings required gaining accuracy during screening process using repeatability analysis..
Results/Recommendations :Five crops data on number of branches, length of the longest shoot, total shoot length, number of nodes/meter length, biological yield and leaf yield were collected and repeatability estimates were calculated. Among the different parameters studied, internodal distance recorded highest repeatability value followed by longest shoot length leaf yield, total shoot length and number of shoot/plants.
Source of Information :Annual Report:2004-06
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Development of superior triploids through polyploid breeding for high yield and adaptability-Development and screening of promising triploids-Development of triploid progenies and confirmation of triploids.
Personnel : Dandin SB, Sarkar A, Mogili T, Keshavachryulu K
Project Period :2003-2005
Objectives :To develop superior triploids for improvement in yield, quality and adaptability to varied agro-climatic conditions.
Results/Recommendations :Twenty-eight crosses were made involving seven tetraploid (V1, S13, S34, S36, S41, K2, and RFS135) and 12 diploid parents (V1,S13, S523, RFS175, Okinawa, Xuan10, MR2, G-2, Sujanpur-5, S36, Morus multicaulis and Br1). About 20,447 seeds from 20 crosses were sown in seed beds and the progeny was raised. After sorting, 4000 vigorously growing seedlings were transplanted and maintained.
Source of Information :Annual Report:2004-05
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Study on some indigenous and exotic mulberry genotypes using RAPD markers.
Personnel : Ayesha Rahman, Girish Naik V
Project Period :2003-2004
Objectives :
· To develop DNA finger prints of indigenous and exotic mulberry genotypes for identification and use as molecular I.D.
· To estimate the genetic variation/diversity among the mulberry genotypes using RAPD markers.
· To establish the genetical interrelationship among the mulberry genotypes of different origins based on molecular data.
Results/Recommendations :The study suggests that the criteria for selection of parents in hybridization programme should be more on the genetic diversity rather than the geographical distance. The finding of few of the genotype specific markers will have great value in identification in case of confusion or mix up. The DNA finger prints developed for the genotypes will find use in germplasm registration as well as protecting the rights of the breeders.
Source of Information :M.Sc. Dissertation, 2004
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Genetic analysis of mulberry genotypes with respect to water stress response using DNA markers.
Personnel :Indranil Bagchi, Girish Naik V
Project Period :2003-2004
Objectives :
· To estimate DNA marker polymorphism among contrasting mulberry genotypes for water stress response.
· To identify suitable parental combination for the development of mapping population for water stress tolerance in mulberry.
· To identify DNA markers associated with water stress tolerance if any, in mulberry.
Results/Recommendations :Development of mapping population followed by identification of DNA marker/s linked to drought tolerance by bulk segregate analysis is a reliable way to achieve the goal. They may necessitate generation of large number of DNA markers to saturate the linkage map so that one can obtain the linkage with desired gene/s or QTLs for drought resistance. DNA marker for drought tolerance will be immensely useful in mulberry crop improvement by marker associated selection.
Source of Information :M.Sc. Dissertation, 2004
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on micro propagation in difficult to root exotic mulberry genotypes.
Personnel : Sadiqul Islam, Ravindran S
Project Period :2003-2004
Objectives :
· To find out the optimal media for the sprouting of nodal explants and shoot multiplication in difficult to root exotic mulberry genotypes.
· To find out the optimal media for the induction of roots in vitro raised shoot cultures of difficult to root exotic mulberry genotypes.
Results/Recommendations :
· The various BAP treatments induced better sprouting of the nodal explants as compared to Kinetin in both the varieties.
· Maximum shoot growth was recorded in both the varieties when the nodal explants were cultured in MS + 1.5 mg/1 BAP.
· Better rooting percent was recorded in both the varieties in ¼ MS + 1.0mg/1 NAA than in ¼ MS+1.0mg/1 IBA.
· The length of roots in both KNG and Miuraso was higher in ¼ MS + 1mg/1NAA than in ¼ MS + 1.0 mg/1 IBA and the differences in root length were significant at 5% level in both the varieties.
Source of Information :M.Sc. Dissertation, 2004
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Rapid assessment of fertilizer sufficiency indices by chlorophyll meter to predict side dress requirement of mulberry variety Victory-1 in the field under irrigated condition.
Personnel : Padmini Pradhan, Mogili T
Project Period :2003-2004
Objectives :
· To identify standard/critical SPAD values under optimal conditions for commercial variety V1 for 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 days after pruning.
· To identify standard SPAD values for V1 variety under 25, 50 and 75% fertilizer deficit conditions and under full fertilizer dose at different dose of pruning (DAP) as mentioned above.
· To standardize the relationship between SPAD values, biochemical, physiological and yield parameters.
· Preparation of preliminary leaf colour chart for V1 variety using values obtained under irrigated conditions at different fertilizer deficit conditions.
Results/Recommendations :The SPAD values of 30.1, 34.9, 35,0, 34.5 and 33.6 were recorded at 30 DAP, 40 DAP, 50 DAP, 60 DAP and 70 DAP respectively. SPAD values on 40 DAP could be considered as critical stage for side dressing. The data indicated that all the parameters studies are significantly and positively correlated with the SPAD values. The reduction in SPAD values in different fertilizer deficit conditions is reflected in the reduction of all the economic characters. These correlations and regression equation provide a basis for making general estimate of leaf yield under particular condition and fertilizer shortage in the farmers field may be identified.
Source of Information :M.Sc. Dissertation, 2004
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :All India Coordinated Experiments-Mulberry Phase-II. (RSRS, Chamarajanagar)
Personnel : Srikantaswamy K, Vijayaprakash NB, Gunasekhar V, Subramaniam RK
Project Period:2003-2006
Objectives :To identify the cultivars suitable for semi-arid zone of Chamarajanagar.
Results/Recommendations :During the period under report, three crops of leaf yield data was recorded. Average of three crops of leaf yield data revealed that among 15 varieties including 3 checks, variety MV-5 recorded maximum leaf yield 4730 kg/ha/crop followed by Zonal check (4385 kg/ha/crop) and MV-1 (4250 kg/ha/crop).
Source of Information :Annual Report:2003-04, 2005-06
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :All India Co-ordinated experimental trials for mulberry (AICEM) Phase-II. (RSRS Anantpur)
Personnel :Reddy MP, Naidu BVV
Project Period:2003-2005
Objectives :Evaluating the newly evolved high yielding mulberry varieties under different agroclimatic zones of India.
Results/Recommendations :A total of 11 mulberry varieties were planted in Randomized Block Design with 3 replications under 3’ x 3’ spacing.
The analyzed data on leaf yield of the four crops harvested revealed that out of 11 varieties, MV5 has given significantly more leaf yield (57.2 kg/plot) over other MV6 were on par with NC and other varieties. MB3, MV4, MV7 and the MV8 are significantly lower than NC in terms of leaf yield. All varieties showed significantly higher leaf yield over LC (35.5 kg/plot).
Data on incidence of disease indicated that the incidence of powdery mildew, leaf spot and leaf rust was negligible. However, the incidence of tukra was considerably high (22.97 to 26.55%) in all the varieties due to low rainfall and high temperature.
Source of Information :Annual Report:2004-05
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :DNA marker analysis in some varieties of Morus alba and M. indica.
Personnel : Susmita Sarkar, Girish Naik V
Project Period :2004-2005
Objectives :To study the genetic structure of the varieties belonging Morus alba and M. indica through DNA marker analysis and possible molecular distinction between the two species.
Results/Recommendations :Even a single marker could not be identified which is specific to the either of the species. However, the study reports the identification of some of the variety specific markers that can be gainfully used in identification of specific varieties of mulberry. The study also provides the genetic diversity estimates of some of the commonly used varieties in breeding programme.
Source of Information :M.Sc. Dissertation, 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Genetic diversity analysis of wild mulberry species Morus laevigata and Morus serrata of India using RAPD and ISSR assay.
Personnel : Bhaskar Roy, Girish Naik V
Project Period :2004-2005
Objectives :
· Characterization of Morus laevigata and Morus serrata PCR based DNA markers.
· Estimation of genetic diversity in Morus laevigata and Morus serrata collection of India with DNA markers.
· Geographical and genetic relationship among wild mulberry collections.
Results/Recommendations :As morphological traits are greatly influenced by the environment, it has been always problem to correctly arrive at accurate genetic diversity information and interrelationship among crop all the plants. DNA markers like RAPD and ISSR have become a handy tool for quick and reliable estimates of diversity and relationship for use in crop improvement and conservation programme.
The present study even though has considered some what limited number of species samples, gives an in sight into the broad genetic structure these two wild species. These two species, which are truly wild, harbors some of the important genes for diseases and pest resistance (Morus laevigata) and abiotic tolerance viz., frost tolerance (Morus serrata), which can be exploited in mulberry improvement programme. In addition, Morus laevigata produces edible sweet fruits and can be gainfully utilized in fruit based industries. Its timber is also valued for high grain quality there is need for serious efforts towards the in situ besides ex situ conservation of these species before it is lost from own habitat. The information generated from the study will be useful further in depth analysis of these endangered species.
Source of Information :M.Sc. Dissertation, 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Comparison of morphological, biochemical and anatomical responses of some mulberry varieties under two light regimes.
Personnel :Anirban Guha, Jalaja SK
Project Period :2004-2005
Objectives :To find out the morphological, physiological and anatomical traits of mulberry contributing to tolerance under shade and to compare the plasticity in the adaptive feature of the selected mulberry varieties.
Results/Recommendations :
· The results indicated that shade had an adverse impact on plant growth, leaf yield and other yield attributes. The genotype K2 x Kosen responded with higher values for most of the characters under shade indicating its capability for shade tolerance.
· Anatomical studies revealed that the variety V1 had maximum duration in micro morphology and anatomy of leaf when grown under shade, thereby loosing many of its yield quality traits. The leaves of K2 and Kosen showed minimum plasticity in leaf structure and sustain the quality traits to maximum extent under shaded condition.
Source of Information :M.Sc. Dissertation, 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :In vitro responses of improved mulberry (Morus spp) genotypes on abiotic stress media
Personnel : Dibakar Mondal, Ravindran S
Project Period :2004-2005
Objectives :
· To standardize the optimal media for the sprouting and shoot growth of improved mulberry genotypes prior to the incorporation of the different abiotic stress.
· To assess the tolerance of the genotypes to different levels of stress (alkalinity, salt and drought) incorporated media.
Results/Recommendations :
· The most ideal media for inducing sprouting and shoot growth was sucrose and the optimum response for sprouting and shoot growth was obtained in MS+1.0 mg/1 Kinetin+30 g/1 sucrose.
· With regard to the performance of the genotypes in abiotic stress incorporated media G4 was tolerant to in vitro moisture stress, salinity stress and alkalinity stress.
Source of Information :M.Sc. Dissertation, 2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Cloning and characterization of epicuticular was synthesizing genes from mulberry (Morus Sp.) - A potential option to reduce transpiration and post harvest water loss.
Personnel :Dandin SB, Nataraja Karaba N, Mogili T, Jhansi Lakshmi K
Project Period :2004-2006
Funding Source: Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi
Objectives :
· To identify mulberry genotypes exhibiting variations in post harvest water loss.
· To find out whether the variation is related to expression of certain epicuticular wax (EW) biosynthesis genes and epicuticular wax content.
· Simultaneously clone relevant epicuticular wax (EW) synthesizing genes from mulberry.
· Identify suitable candidate genes related to EW in mulberry.
Results/Recommendations :Fifty contrasting genotypes with higher and low rates of post harvest water loss and epicuticular wax load were short-listed from 291 mulberry accessions maintained at CSR&TI, Mysore. Leaf water loss is normally regulated by stomatal factors as well as the epicuticular transpiration. Studies on post harvest water loss in detached leaves exhibited a significant reduction in stomatal conductance within 10-15 minutes of excision. Thus, it is apparent that most of the post harvest water loss is through cuticular transpiration and in turn cuticular transpiration depends on epicuticular wax (EW) load. Furthermore, the epicuticular was load, determined by colorimetric method revealed significant genetic variability and genotypes with high moisture retaining capacity (MRC) showed relatively higher values for total wax load. There was significant variation in total wax load among contrasting accessions showing differences in post harvest water loss. There is a positive correlation between wax load and MRC in different accessions of mulberry.
The lower values for carbon isotope discrimination (∆13C) noticed among the genotypes with high MRC suggest that the epicuticular wax also influenced the water use efficiency.
At the collaborating agency, UAS, Bangalore, EW-related genes and the putative gene showing homology with WAX2 gene of Arabidopsis and four genes i.e., KCS1, CUT1, WAX2 and Athb6 have been cloned. The cloned genes would be used as probe to examine the pattern of expression in contrasting accessions.
Source of Information : Annual Report: 2005-2006
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Evolution of superior mulberry genotypes suitable for tropical highlands and semi-tropical hill regions - Regional mulberry breeding to evolve site specific mulberry genotypes.
Personnel :Pandya RK, Rajalakshmi E, Mogili T
Project Period :2004-2005
Objectives :To evolve region specific mulberry genotypes to improve the mulberry productivity under hill conditions.
Results/Recommendations :Mulberry genotypes screened under hill conditions indicated that the genotypes V1, BC2 59 and MR2 were more promising in terms of leaf yield. Based on the first crop observation, 28 plants from five crosses were selected and the cuttings were supplied to CSR&TI, Mysore. Nursery of the same was raised at SSBS also to study the rooting and survival of the progenies under the hill condition. Ninety two percent sprouting was obtained in the nursery but survival was only 35%.
Source of Information : Annual Report: 2004-2005
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Evaluation of exotic mulberry germplasm (AIMSGEP-PIE-3221).
Personnel :Pandya RK, Rajalakshmi E
Project Period :2004-2006
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :During the year, the plot was maintained and 3 crops were collected, compiled and submitted to CSGRC. The bioassay of 7 selected accessions was also done. The plot is being maintained for the 9th and final crop data collection and bioassay.
Source of Information : Annual Report: 2005-2006
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Mulberry genome characterization:DNA profiling for ascertaining genetic diversity and construction of frame work linkage map.
Personnel :Dandin SB, Sarkar A, Girish Naik V, Aggarwal RK
Project Period :2004-2006
Funding Source: Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :
Phenotyping of mapping population: The mapping population consisting of 150 randomly selected segregating F1 progeny along with parental lines (Mysore Local and V1) as checks were phenotyped two times using 17 core morphological, growth ad yield attributes. Frequency of different traits in the mapping population showed normal distribution. Segregation analysis sex expression (female:male), leaf texture (smooth:rough) suggested 1:!, whereas for leaf size large:medium:small) it was 1:2:1.
Genetic mapping of mulberryusing molecular markers: About 380 random oligonucleotide decamer primers were screened for identification of polymorphic markers among the parental lines. So far, >90 primers showing marker polymorphism were utilized in screening the mapping population (150 F1 progeny) for marker segregation analysis and construction of framework linkage map of mulberry.
Development of mapping population for alkaline tolerance: A mapping population for alkaline tolerance was developed in mulberry, by crossing Sujanpur-5 (tolerant) and V1 (sensitive) varieties. About 150 F1, segregating progeny of the cross was established in the field.
Genetic diversity and interrelationship among exploratory mulberry germplasm collections by RAPD, ISSR and SSR markers: Routine observations on mulberry germplasm have shown some of the promising collections especially form the exploratory surveys based on growth, vigour, leaf quality and yield contributing traits. In order to utilize these materials in the mulberry breeding programme, a study was undertaken to characterize 36 germplasm collections using stable molecular markers like, RAPDs, ISSRs and SSRs.
A total of 17 informative ISSR primers were used to inves6tigate mulberry germplasm collections. The ISSR primers generated a total of 235 markers, out of which only 33 markers were monomorphic ad the rest 202 were polymorphic (85.95%). Dice similarity coefficient indicated that the mulberry germplasm collection ERRC-71 ad ERRC-101 were most similar (0.956) whereas, Krishnaswami-2 and Acc.1 were most diverse (0.569). Mean genetic similarity among the thirty-six germplasm collections was calculated as 0.696. UPGMA clustering based on Shan method using ISSR marker similarity coefficient values resulted in 15 clusters.
Six microsatellite markers (SSRs) were also utilized for DNA profiling and assessment of allelic variability among all the thirty-six mulberry germplasm collections. The expected heterozygosity (HE) varied from 0.34-0.87, whereas, the observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.85 to 0.96 with a mean of 0.93. Based on the microsatellite allele sharing, the Dice similarity coefficient was calculated, which ranged from 0.19 to 1.00. Maximum similarity observed in case of two pairs of collections namely, ERRC-71 and ERRC-101 and Michlal Farm and Dudhia Piasbari. The least similarity was calculated between Dodhpur and Acc.16 and with an overall average of 0.595. The UPGMA clustering based on the SSR marker data indicated a different grouping compared to that of ISSR. Matrix correspondence based on the two markers by Mantels test was low (r=0.21, p=0.01). DNA profiling by 20 RAPD primers have been completed ad results are under compilation.
Genetic analysis of sex expression in mulberry by DNA makers: The thirty two genotypes selected to study the DNA marker association with sex of mulberry were from diverse origin and belonging to five species, which include three cultivated (M. multicaulis, M. alba and M. indica) and two indigenous wild mulberry species (M. Laevigata and M. serrata). These genotypes were primarily selected based on the stable sex expression only either as female or male.
A total of 21 random decamer primers of OPE, OPF and OPG series were utilized based on the informativeness of the primers. Altogether 295 markers were generated; of which only 12 were monomorphic and the rest 283 were polymorphic (95.93%). As many as, 11 out of the total 21 primers showed 100% polymorphism. The highest genetic similarity was observed between Punjab Local and Himachal Local at 97.9% ad the lowest was between Lamia Bay and Dogrago-1 at 39.4%. UPGMA clustering based on the similarity coefficient of RAPD marker data grouped the genotypes similar to their know origin, pedigree and taxonomic status. No marker indicative of the targeted trait (sex) could be identified initially with the limited umber of primers used.
DNA marker polymorphisam among trait specific contrasting mulberry genotypes: DNA marker polymorphism among the sets of constrasting mulberry for photosynthetic efficiency (nine genotypes each having high ad low) and moisture retention capacity (eight genotype each having high and low) were studied based on the RAPD-PCR technique. High DNA marker polymorphism among the contrasting genotypes for photosynthetic efficiency (86.47%) and MRC (94.29%) is indicative of the variability existing in these collections. The study suggests the parental combination for trait specific mapping population based on the genetic distance measures.
DNA fingerprinting of improved and promising mulberry varieties (Morus sp.) of India by RAPD and ISSR markers: The study investigates 18 mulberry varieties, which have either significantly improved in productivity for different sericulture zones or are in the ‘pipeline’ for release and are expected to boost the sericulture in India. A total of 22 RAPD and 8 ISSR primers were utilized for DNA figner printing, which generated 384 markers including 292 (76%) polymorphic markers. RAPD narrowly scored over ISSR markers in polymorphic information content. UPGA dendrogram based on both RAPD and ISSR markers resolved into 5 major clusters, which was in conformity with the known pedigree ad origin. The correlation between the matrices of cophenatic values for the dendrograms based n two marker data was fairly a good fit (r=0.69, p=0.01). The result thus highlights the utility of the two different marker systems in providing accurate information on the genetic structure of mulberry. The work provides an unamb9guous and reliable molecular IDs of some of the important mulberry varieties of India for protection of plant breeders rights (PBRs) as well as germplasm registration.
Source of Information : Annual Report: 2005-2006
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Identification of QTLS for water use efficiency and root traits to improve moisture stress tolerance in mulberry (Morus alba L) through marker assisted selection.
Personnel :Dandin SB, Sarkar A, Girish Naik V, Kodandaramaiah J, Mogili T
Project Period :2004-2006
Funding Source: Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi
Objectives :
Results/Recommendations :
Development and establishment of mapping population for water use efficiency (WUE) and root trait: Towards the identification of QTLs for WUE and root trait to improve the moisture stress tolerance in mulberry, seven different mapping populations having varying number of progeny were developed and established in the field. Finally, one each mapping population was selected for extensive DNA profiling for establishment of linkage of QTLs with the trait of interest.
Identification of polymorphic markers in parental lines for genome mapping: A total of 153 RAPD, 16 ISSR and 6 SSR primers were screened for identification of polymorphic markers among the parental lines to be utilized in the development of WUE and root trait mapping population.
Genome mapping for WUE in mulberry: The F1 progeny of the cross Himachal Local x MA3 were randomly selected (200 Nos.) form a larger population and utilized for DNA profiling with polymorphic RAPD markers. So far, 25 polymorphic primers have been screened for genome mapping.
Source of Information : Annual Report: 2005-2006
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Evaluation of silkworm germplasm for abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in the identified hot spots-Evaluation of elite mulberry genetic resources for abiotic stress tolerance under semi arid conditions.
Personnel :Naidu BV, Reddy MP, Krishna Rao JV
Project Period :2004-2006
Objectives :
· To evaluate the selected promising multivoltine silkworm accessions under high temperature and low humidity conditions.
· To screen the abiotic stress tolerant strains for utilization in the breeding to evolve season specific/region specific breeds for commercial exploitation
· To identify the potential germplasm for possible higher utility value for future exploitation.
Results/Recommendations :Analysis of two crop data indicated that mulberry accession MI-0461 and MI-0463 are superior over both the checks. Mulberry accessions MI-0458, 461, 463 are superior over check variety (MI-0012) in shoot yield.
Source of Information : Annual Report: 2005-2006
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Project Title :Studies on response of mulberry genotypes to different basal media, sugars and phytohormones under in vitro conditions.
Personnel :Madhurita Moitra, Ravindran S, Raghunath MK
Project Period :2005-2006
Objectives :
· To standardize the optimal media for the sprouting and shoot growth of nodal explants in the two improved mulberry genotypes.
· To standardize the optimal media for the induction of roots in in-vitro raised shoot culture of the improved mulberry genotypes.
Results/Recommendations :
· Sprouting % were max in FYT-7 when the nodal explants were cultured in WPM basal medium (73.58) followed by MS basal medium (70.75). In K2 x Kosen sprouting % was max when the nodal explants were cultured in MS basal medium (71.75).
· Max sprouting of nodal explants in both the genotypes was in MS medium incorporated with 1.0 mg/1 BAP.
· The shoot length raised from a maximum of 1.85 and 2.15 cm (MS + 1.0 mg/1 BAP) and min of 0.95 and 0.90 cm. (MS + 3.0 mg/1 kinetin) in FYT-7and K2 x Kosen respectively.
· Incorporation of IBA (1.0 mg/1m) ½ MS medium induced higher rooting % (63.18 and 65.18 respectively) as also number of roots /plants (8.25 and 8.50 respectively) in both the genotypes viz., FYT-7 and K2 x Kosen as compared Naphthalene acetic acid.
Source of Information :M.Sc. Dissertation 2006
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Project No.:CSM
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Influence of different phytohormones, growth adjuvants and stress components in callus induction and organogenesis.
Personnel :Md.Nijamuddin, Tewary PK
Project Period :2005-2006
Objectives :
· Induction of callus culture from different explants of elite mulberry genotypes.
· Standardization of callus proliferation medium.
· To define the optimal medium for organogenesis/regeneration of plants from callus culture.
Results/Recommendations :The data revealed that 2,4-D (1 mg/l) supplemented MS medium was the best for inducing callus from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants of Morus indica mulberry genotypes. Likewise 2,4-D (1.0 mg/l), supplemented MS medium induced good amount of callus from stem explants of V1 mulberry variety. Whereas in case of S36 variety 2,4-D (1.0 mg/l) + CW (10%) supplemented MS medium is best for inducing the callus. Whereas 2,4-D (1.0-2.0 mg/l) + CW (10%) + CH (0.1%) supplemented MS medium was the best for inducing callus from leaf explants of V1 and S36 mulberry varieties. Young leaf was not tending suitable for induction of callus comparing the older leaf.
Source of Information :M.Sc. Dissertation 2006
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SubjectIndex :si 11
Sl No :1246
Organization :Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
Project Title :Studies on the effect of soil alkalinity on some mulberry varieties.
Personnel :Soumen Saha, Jalaja SK, Mogili T
Project Period :2005-2006
Objectives :
· To study the effect of alkalinity on survival, growth, yield, ion accumulation and their physiological and biochemical parameters.
· To identify the characters responsible for alkalinity tolerance.
Results/Recommendations :From the above study, it could be concluded that AR-12 exhibited comparatively higher yield and higher stress tolerance indices, lower Na/K ratios and lower sodium and chloride content under alkalinity stress. Lower amounts of sodium and chlorides of higher potassium content in leaves under alkalinity stress can be considered as indicators for alkalinity tolerance. The genotype AR-12 was found to be relatively tolerant to soil alkalinity and this variety could be cultivated in alkaline soils as well as utilized in future breeding programmes for alkalinity tolerance.
Source of Information :M.Sc. Dissertation 2006
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