Everyone is descended from Adam.
All the races originate with Adam. We have different skin colors mainly because of the pigment in our skin called melanin.
The more melanin a person has, the darker skin color a person has.
Melanin protects us from the harmful UV rays of the sun. So people in very hot and sunny areas (like Africa) tend to have darker skin. And people in colder areas tend to have lighter skin (e.g. Europe).
This can also be seen when a person goes to work in the field for a long time. His skin color would change to a darker color under the sun. This is to protect the human body from harmful UV rays. Without melanin, people can get skin cancer from long periods in the sun.
Everyone descended from Adam. Because of the confusion of language at the tower of Babel, different languages were born. People only trusted other people who spoke the same language and moved away from people from different languages. So different people groups came about. The different people groups became different nations and tribes. People usually married from the same country or tribe. So the genes of each nation has been kept fairly isolated until recently.
The fairly isolated groups are what distinguishes each so-called "race". That's why Asians, Africans, Europeans, Indians, Middle Easterners, Hispanics, Americans, and various islanders and people groups have distinct looks. Their gene pools have been kept relatively isolated until recently.
However, the more intermarriage there is, the more we cannot tell where someone is from. This is simply a mix of genes from parents of different backgrounds, so that the person might be a middle brown color, with blue eyes, and curly black hair.
Actually, Adam originally had all the genes to make all the "races". He probably had a middle brown skin tone.
For more info see: https://answersingenesis.org/racism/adam-eve-all-skin-tones/
The Bible is always trustworthy, and tells us how we came to be. So we are all actually brothers and sisters, and there is no place for racism.
The Bible says: "God made from one man every nation of mankind to live on all the face of the earth, having determined their appointed times and the boundaries of their habitation, that they would seek God, if perhaps they might grope for Him and find Him, though He is not far from each one of us" (Acts 17:26-27).