2. Human reproduction

1. Hormones and Puberty:

  1. Define the term hormone as a chemical messenger transported by the blood to influence the function of target cells.

  2. Name and describe the function of male and female sex hormones.

  3. Name the secondary sexual characteristics that develop in males and females during puberty.


Hormones

Hormones and puberty

Challenge:

  1. Explain why hormones are called chemical messengers

  2. Describe the function of estrogen and testosterone and the changes they cause during puberty in males and females.


2. The male and female reproductive system:

  1. Label and annotate the function of the structure of the female and male reproductive organs, including the prostate gland.


The reproductive systems

Challenge:

  1. Produce a list of the different parts male and female reproductive.

  2. Write down the function of each part.

3. Gametes:

  1. Identify and describe the structure and function of gametes, including the acrosome, gamete, haploid, diploid and chromosome.

  2. Deduce how the structure of gametes is related to its function.

  3. Compare and contrast the structure and function of the sperm and egg cells.


The sperm and egg

Challenge:

  1. Produce a poster describing the different adaptations of the sperm and egg cell.

(Include the words: gamete, haploid, acrosome, diploid, chromosome).

4. The path of the sperm:

  1. Define fertilisation as the fusion of male and female gamete nuclei to produce a diploid cell (zygote).

  2. Describe the path of the sperm and movement of the egg and the location of fertilisation in the oviducts/fallopian tubes.

  3. State that only one sperm can penetrate the egg membrane due to changes in the egg after penetration of the sperm head.

  4. Compare different forms of contraception and evaluate its effectiveness. (Include hormone treatment and non-hormonal treatment).


Fertilisation

Challenge:

  1. Describe the journey a sperm cell takes in order to fertilise the egg in the fallopian tube.

  2. Describe the term fertilisation using the words: Nucleus, fusion, zygote, chromosomes,

  3. Explain why thousands of sperm are released but only one egg.

5. The menstrual cycle:

  1. Describe the stages of the menstrual cycle and the effectiveness of natural birth control (family planning).

The menstrual cycle 1

The menstrual cycle 2

Challenge:

  1. Describe what happens to the wall of the uterus over the 28 day cycle.

  2. Describe the term ovulation and what day of the cycle it happens.

  3. Explain why natural birth control is not always effective.

6. Pregnancy to birth:

  1. Describe the development of the zygote, into an embryo, foetus (8 weeks) and baby.

  2. Discuss the function of the amnion, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord and placenta.




7. IVF:

  1. Explain the process of In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF).

  2. Discuss the ethical considerations for the use of IVF by evaluating the possible pros and cons of IVF.



IVF