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10.1 Diseases and immunity
Core
Define pathogen as a disease-causing organism
Define transmissible disease as a disease in which the pathogen can be passed from one host to another
State that the pathogen for a transmissible disease may be transmitted either through direct contact, e.g. through blood or other body fluids, or indirectly, e.g. from contaminated surfaces or food, from animals, or from the air
State that the body has defences:
– mechanical barriers, limited to skin and hairs in the nose
– chemical barriers, limited to mucus and stomach acid
– cells, limited to phagocytosis and antibody production by white blood cells
– which can be enhanced by vaccination
Supplement
State that antibodies lock on to antigens leading to direct destruction of pathogens, or marking of pathogens for destruction by phagocytes
Explain how each pathogen has its own antigens, which have specific shapes, so specific antibodies which fit the specific shapes of the antigens are needed
Define active immunity as defence against a pathogen by antibody production in the body
Explain that active immunity is gained after an infection by a pathogen, or by vaccination
Explain the process of vaccination:
– harmless pathogen given which has antigens
– antigens trigger an immune response by lymphocytes which produce antibodies
– memory cells are produced that give long-term immunity
Immune system Intro
Disease and immunity Part 1
Defences against pathogens
Vaccines
Lymphocytes and Phagocytes
10.1 Diseases and immunity continued
Core
Explain the importance of hygienic food preparation, good personal hygiene, waste disposal and sewage treatment in controlling the spread of disease
Supplement
Explain the role of vaccination in controlling the spread of diseases
Explain that passive immunity is short-term defence against a pathogen by antibodies acquired from another individual, e.g. mother to infant
State that memory cells are not produced in passive immunity
Explain the importance of passive immunity for breast-fed infants
State that some diseases are caused by the immune system targeting and destroying body cells, limited to type 1 diabetes
Disease and Immunity Part 2
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