2. Organisation of the organism

2.1 Cell Structure

• Describe and compare the structure of a plant cell with an animal cell, as seen under a light microscope, limited to cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, vacuoles and location of the cell membrane

• State the functions of the structures seen under the light microscope in the plant cell and in the animal cell

Supplement:

• State that the cytoplasm of all cells contains structures, limited to ribosomes on rough endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles

• State that almost all cells, except prokaryotes, have mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum

• Identify mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum in diagrams and images of cells

• State that aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondria

• State that cells with high rates of metabolism require large numbers of mitochondria to provide sufficient energy

2.2 Levels of organisation

• Relate the structure of the following to their functions:

1. ciliated cells - movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi

2. root hair cells - absorption

3. xylem vessels – conduction and support

4. palisade mesophyll cells – photosynthesis

5. neurones cells - conduction of impulses

6. red blood cells – transport of oxygen

7. sperm and egg cells - reproduction

• Define tissue as a group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function

• Define organ as a structure made up of a group of tissues, working together to perform specific functions

• Define organ system as a group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions

• State examples of tissues, organs and organ systems from sections 6 to 16

• Identify the different levels of organisation in drawings, diagrams and images of familiar material.

Supplement:

• • Identify the different levels of organisation in drawings, diagrams and images of unfamiliar material

2.3 Size of specimens

• Calculate magnification and size of biological specimens using millimetres as units

• Calculate magnification and size of biological specimens using millimetres

Supplement

• Convert measurements between millimetres (mm) and micrometres (μm)