Embedded Files
9.1 Transport in animals
Core
Describe the circulatory system as a system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure one-way flow of blood Supplement
Describe the single circulation of a fish
Describe the double circulation of a mammal
Explain the advantages of a double circulation
What is a double circulatory system?
9.2 Heart
Core
Identify in diagrams and images the structures of the mammalian heart, limited to: muscular wall, septum, left and right ventricles, left and right atria, one-way valves and coronary arteries
State that blood is pumped away from the heart in arteries and returns to the heart in veins
State that the activity of the heart may be monitored by: ECG, pulse rate and listening to sounds of valves closing
Investigate and describe the effect of physical activity on the heart rate
Describe coronary heart disease in terms of the blockage of coronary arteries and state the possible risk factors including: diet, lack of exercise, stress, smoking, genetic predisposition, age and sex
Discuss the roles of diet and exercise in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease
Supplement:
Identify in diagrams and images the atrioventricular and semilunar valves in the mammalian heart
Explain the relative thickness of:
(a) the muscle walls of the left and right ventricles
(b) the muscle walls of the atria compared to those of the ventricles
Explain the importance of the septum in separating oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
Describe the functioning of the heart in terms of the contraction of muscles of the atria and ventricles and the action of the valves
Explain the effect of physical activity on the heart rate
The heart intro
The structure of the heart
Passage of blood through the heart
Heart disease and stents
9.3 Blood and lymphatic vessels
Core
Describe the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries, limited to: relative thickness of wall, diameter of the lumen and the presence of valves in veins
State the functions of capillaries
Identify in diagrams and images the main blood vessels to and from the:
(a) heart, limited to: vena cava, aorta, pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein
(b) lungs, limited to: pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein
(c) kidney, limited to: renal artery and renal vein
Supplement
Explain how the structure of arteries and veins is related to the pressure of the blood that they transport
Explain how the structure of capillaries is related to their functions
Identify, in diagrams and images, the main blood vessels to and from the liver as: hepatic artery, hepatic veins and hepatic portal vein
Blood vessels
Blood and lymphatic vessels
9.4 Blood
Core
List the components of blood as: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma
Identify red and white blood cells in photomicrographs and diagrams
State the functions of the following components of blood:
(a) red blood cells in transporting oxygen, including the role of haemoglobin
(b) white blood cells in phagocytosis and antibody production
(c) platelets in clotting (details are not required)
(d) plasma in the transport of blood cells, ions, nutrients, urea, hormones and carbon dioxide
State the roles of blood clotting as preventing blood loss and the entry of pathogens
Supplement
Identify lymphocytes and phagocytes in photomicrographs and diagrams
State the functions of:
(a) lymphocytes – antibody production
(b) phagocytes – engulfing pathogens by phagocytosis
Page updated
Report abuse