Chapter 16

Overview/Summary:

Chapter 16 was made up of World War 2, one of the deadliest wars that involved more than 30 countries. Beginning with the Nazi's invasion of Poland. They include the impact of the Treaty of Versailles following WWI, the worldwide economic depression, the failure of appeasement, the rise of militarism in Germany and Japan, and the failure of the League of Nations. The war dragged on for six years straight until the Allies defeated the Axis powers of Germany, Japan, and Italy in 1945. Though there were atomic bombs such as the ones that were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan.

New states in Eastern Europe were weak and ripe for the taking by Hitler. A devastated Germany and France appeased Hitler to prevent another war. Though there were improvements in technological disruption, global economic integration, and digital communication.

Ch. 16/WWII Vocabulary (Click on Me!)

Unresolved Tensions/Between Wars

The interwar period contained the Great Depression(1929 for US), Wilson's Fourteen Points, Ottoman power being overturned to the mandate system, and Japanese imperialism growing stronger.
In Wilson's Fourteen Points, he states that Germany must give up its colonies in Africa and elsewhere. This caused resentment among the German people, and Wilson's idea was shot down.
Although the US government created the League of Nations to promote peace and free trade while still punishing Germany, the US Senate prohibited joining the league, making it unsuccessful and useless at its intended purpose.

M.A.N.I.A.

M-(Militarism)- nations building up their military (Hitler setting up a large military for his Nazi Party)

A-(Alliances)- the Axis and Allied Powers

N-(Nationalism)-loyalty and pride to your ethnic/national origins (Fascist Nazi members wearing the swastika)

I-(Imperialism)- the German occupation of Rhineland(where the Allied Powers allowed this as appeasement to the Nazi forces in fear of another world war)

A-(Assassination)- no assassination in particular

Main Events Chapter 17

Main Events

Check the doc on your left

List of Alliances

Allied Powers: France, Britain, US(later in 1941), Soviet Union
Axis Powers: Italy, Japan, Germany

Germany (made them resent the Western Powers-got bad blood/grievances)

Causes

Unresolved tensions from WWI (see above)
The Treaty of Versailles created resentment among the German people
The vulnerable economy and government allowed the Nazis to gradually overtake them

Effects and Impacts

Environmental: Bombings and the atomic bomb reduced cities to ash and rubble, lost landmines lay along coasts, and the mass production of weapons, aircraft bases, shipyards, and warehouses in less-industrialized areas such as Africa, China, and the Pacific caused an increase in the demand of raw materials sourced from mining in Africa and other manufacture exports
Political: new organizations established to prevent total war and genocide, used the Marshall Plan to help fund repairing Europe after the fighting(used by the US)
Social: dislocation of peoples and certain ethnic groups(Jews,

Mass Atrocities

Holocaust: over 6 million Jews were brutally and inhumanely executed for their religion, as they were blamed for Hitler and the world's problems/many were sent to work camps, extermination camps, and ghettos
Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The US used two atomic bombs(the first ever) to make Japanese forces surrender by targeting civilians. This decision ended up killing 110, 000-210,000 people