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Overview/Summary:
The transfer of power of a new global age after 1900 led to the revolts of ethnic groups, the decline of land-based empires, the emergence of Japanese power, and Germany's rise to industrial and military power. Due to the deadly situation in the Balkans with Franz's assassination, new alliances were quickly made, creating a domino effect of waging wars on unallied nations. The new technological innovations of this time as well as the colonial imperialism of the Western powers led to a total war with mass casualties and a war that would supposedly end all wars.
M.A.N.I.A.
M.A.N.I.A.
M(militarism)- 1st war to have advanced, mass-produced weaponry(Industrialization), the policy of building up a strong military to prepare for war(mobilizing), race to make more weapons
A(alliances)- agreements between nations to provide aid and protect one another(Triple Alliance vs Triple Entente)
N(nationalism)- extreme pride in one's country or culture(strong in the Balkans with different ethnic groups such as the Serbian Black Hand)
I(imperialism)- when one country takes over another country or landmass politically and economically, as seen in the Scramble for Africa
A(assassination)- assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
The amount of ethnic diversity in the Balkans
Timeline
Timeline
Start Date: July 28, 1914
Start Date: July 28, 1914
End Date: Nov. 11, 1918
End Date: Nov. 11, 1918
List of Alliances
List of Alliances
Triple Entente:
France, the United Kingdom, and Russia ( the US- a little late to the party- joined in 1917 )
Central Powers/Triple Alliance:
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, and Ottoman Empire
Causes
Causes
The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by the Serbian nationalist group, the Black Hand - to remember more details about it, check out this cool song: Sarajevo
A newly unified and industrialized Germany
Increasing tensions due to newly forged alliances(one thing leads to another)
Imperialistic endeavors adding competition between industrialized empires
Effects and Impacts
Effects and Impacts
Environmental: new technology that had never been seen before on such a large scale-(poison gas, machine guns, airplanes, tanks, field radios/telephones, motorized transport vehicles)-trench warfare such as the Western Front left a scar across Europe, bombings incinerated cities
Political: new borders and countries, Germany lost most of their colonies for imperialism + was blamed for the war, Germany also fell into an economic depression and hyperinflation(lots of money for a single piece of bread)
Social: dislocation of peoples due to bombings, trench warfare, loss of cities, rubble, and no homes to return to, (scars of war)
How It Led to WW2
How It Led to WW2
Germany resented the Western nations because WWI was pinned on them
Also, Germany was furious because they lost most of their imperialistic colonies(Africa)
Because of Germany's loss, they suffered financially which made its government vulnerable to uprising groups(enter Hitler)
How WW1 Was Different From Previous Wars
How WW1 Was Different From Previous Wars
Total War - extreme number of casualties
Civilian Militia
No limitations for the battlefield(civilians were targeted at times)
Fully global war
Maps and Other Photos(zoom in if need be - sizing was an issue):
Western Powers carve up Africa and use these populations for military support. Any of the German-controlled regions are handed over to the Allied powers.
WWI stole millions of lives with its total war, and those lives were no longer only soldiers'. It was extremely traumatizing and these poems by Wilfred Owen reflect that feeling of the loss of a whole generation.
What was going on in the rest of the world?
What was going on in the rest of the world?
Ottoman: Ottoman Turks committed genocide against the Armenians(1915), ethnic diversity led to revolts - Young Turks plotted to force the sultan to instate a constitution using Turkification, began losing European provinces to the Western powers(Macedonia, Bosnia, Libya), had only a small foothold in Istanbul, 1909: Young Turks dominated the parliament and overthrew Sultan Abdul Hamid + relit the Tanzimat reforms
Mexico: Porfirio Diaz reigned in his presidency
Russia: Russia was declining economically and joined WWI to protect their Slavic brothers in the Balkans.
The Decline of the Ottoman and Russian Land Empires and Their Similarities:
Were a dynamic center of intellectual and political life
Rulers instituted reforms, increased the government's power, and overcame opposition
Stimulated intellectual trends that later worked against the absolute ruing of a tsar or sultan
Propaganda
Propaganda
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