What does "pollution" mean to you?
What kinds of situations come to mind when you see or hear "pollution"?
What do you want to know about "pollution"? Why?
環境汚染問題- どのように定義されているのでしょうか?
人間の生産および生活活動によって生じる空気・水・土壌などの環境の劣悪化。大気汚染・水質汚濁などのほか、オゾン層破壊・地球温暖化なども問題となっている。(デジタル大辞泉, 日付なし、小学館)
環境汚染物質は、自然に、また産業活動の結果として環境中に排出され、動植物が育つ過程で土や水などから取り込まれ、農畜水産物などの食品に含まれることがあります。水や食品を通じてヒトの体の中に入ることで、ヒトの健康に悪影響を及ぼす可能性があります。(九州農政局, 日付なし, 環境汚染物質に関する情報)
空気中に放出された微粒子や特定の気体が自然の状態より増加することを「大気汚染」、その増加した微粒子や気体のことを「大気汚染物質」といいます。(国環研ViewLite, 2024/05/24, 大気汚染ってなに?)
海洋汚染とは、人為的要因によって引き起こされる海の汚染のことをいいます。この汚染には、プラスチックなどを含む産業廃棄物の投棄、船の事故などによる石油の流出などといった一時的なものと、工場や家庭からの排水などの化学物質が流れ出てしまう慢性的なものがあります。(ベネッセ, 日付なし, 環境汚染とはなに?原因や環境に与える影響、今できる4つの対策を紹介)
土壌が有害物質で汚染されると、有害物質の性質によっては地下水も汚染されることがあります。土壌や地下水の汚染は、さまざまな経路で人の健康や生活環境に影響を与えるおそれがあります。土壌汚染は人為的原因と自然由来による汚染があります。有害物質の中で、トリクロロエチレン、テトラクロロエチレンなどの揮発性有機化合物は地下深くまで浸透しやすく、地下水に溶け出して汚染が広がることがあります。(公益財団法人日本環境協会, 日付なし, 土壌汚染の基礎知識)
1. pollution: "the action of making an environment unsuitable or unsafe for use by introducing man-made waste" (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, no date, pollution)
2. "Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment. These harmful materials are called pollutants. Pollutants can be natural, such as volcanic ash. They can also be created by human activity, such as trash or runoffproduced by factories. Pollutants damage the quality of air, water, and land.
Many things that are useful to people produce pollution. Cars spew pollutants from their exhaust pipes. Burning coal to create electricity pollutes the air. Industries and homes generate garbage and sewage that can pollute the land and water. Pesticides—chemical poisons used to kill weeds and insects—seep into waterways and harm wildlife.
All living things—from one-celled microbes to blue whales—depend on Earth’s supply of air and water. When these resources are polluted, all forms of life are threatened." (National Geographic, 2025, pollution)
3. "The ‘polluter pays’ principle is the commonly accepted practice that those who produce pollution should bear the costs of managing it to prevent damage to human health or the environment. For instance, a factory that produces a potentially poisonous substance as a by-product of its activities is usually held responsible for its safe disposal. The polluter pays principle is part of a set of broader principles to guide sustainable development worldwide (formally known as the 1992 Rio Declaration)." (London School of Economics, 18 July 2022, What is the polluter pays principle?)
Japan: Learning about plastic waste was last straw for young student (Asahi Shimbun, 8 March 2025)
日本: ″排気ガスでぜんそく”158人が賠償求め申し立て 審問終了【NHK WEBNEWS, 2024/12/19】
日本: 水道水が怖い…人口1万人の町襲う発がん性指摘物質PFAS 最悪レベルで公費血液検査へ【産経新聞, 2024/09/02】
Japan: Concerns over PFAS chemicals in water voiced in Okayama (Asahi Shimbun, 17 February 2025)
Japan: Breaking down the problem of plastic in the sea (NHK, 7 March 2024)
China: China aims to eliminate severe air pollution this year (Reuters, 26 February 2025)
Asia: Asia's chronic pollution has high health costs (Deutsche Welle, 24 November 2024)
Japan: Okinawans file mass lawsuit over U.S. base noise pollution (Asahi Shimbun, 29 January 2022)
No safe levels of pollution: Greenpeace actions against dirty air in 2022 (Greenpeace, 22 December 2022)
We know plastic pollution is bad – but how exactly is it linked to climate change? (World Economic Forum, 19 January 2022)
Fossil fuels: A healthy planet for all starts with an end to fossil fuels (Deutsche Welle, 2 February 2022)
How wastewater can help tackle water shortages (Deutsche Welle, 25 August 2023)
E-waste: How disposable tech is feeding an e-waste crisis (UN Environment Programme, 21 November 2022)
Weaning Japan off its plastic addiction, an uphill battle [Video 5:15] (France 24 English, 28 June 2019)
Pollution Mini Documentary: Type, Causes, Effects [Video 6:14] (PlayerONE, 30 July 2021)
How much does smog and air pollution shorten our lives? [Video 6:16] (DW News, 5 April 2019)
What Are Microplastics And How Are They Harming Our Oceans? Plastic Pollution [Video 3:36] (Behind the News, 23 March 2016)
The Dangers of Pesticides: Protecting Yourself and the Environment [Video 2:26] (Earth Conservation, 2 April 2023)
What should be done to stop illegal waste dumping? [Video 24:50] (Al Jazeera, 26 August 2021)
Examples of local action in Japanese society
【環境の部】放射線測定と解析 福島の復興へ専門家として責任を果たす 小豆川勝見さん(朝日新聞, 2023/03/24)
日本人だけが知らない衝撃の事実!「世界中で訴訟になっているヤバい化学物質が、日本の水道水に大量に含まれていた(Anti Additive, 2023/05/18)
Churakids Okinawa: Let's clean up the beach in Okinawa (Churakids, no date)
Examples of local action in other societies
Around the world: 5 reasons why affordable and accessible public transport is crucial for social and climate justice (Greenpeace, 14 September 2023)
Belgium: Belgium has dirty air too – and its citizens are fighting for better (ClientEarth, 24 October 2022)
Serbia: Thousands of Serbians block roads to protest lithium mine project (Al Jazeera, 11 December 2021)