What does "migration and forced displacement" mean to you?
What kinds of situations come to mind when you see or hear "migration and forced displacement"?
What do you want to know about "migration and forced displacement"? Why?
移民と強制移住- どのように定義されているのでしょうか?
移民(スル):個人あるいは集団が永住を望んで他の国に移り住むこと。また、その人々。現在では「移住」「移住者」の語を用いることが多い。(デジタル大辞泉, 日付なし, weblio辞書)
強制移住:住民がその居住地から強制的に移動させられること。(Weblio英和・和英辞典とは, 日付なし, forced displacement)
国際移民の正式な法的定義はありませんが、多くの専門家は、移住の理由や法的地位に関係なく、定住国を変更した人々を国際移民とみなすことに同意しています。3カ月から12カ月間の移動を短期的または一時的移住、1年以上にわたる居住国の変更を長期的または恒久移住と呼んで区別するのが一般的です。(国際連合広報センター, 2016.12.13, 難民と移民の定義)
国内避難民には、明確な法的定義が存在しません。状態を表す定義(descriptive definition)として、紛争や政治的な迫害、そして災害等によって『非自発的な移動を強いられている』人々で、『自国の中に居る人』が、国内避難民と呼ばれます(内閣府, 2013/06/14, 第51回 難民と国内避難民 @PKOなう! 【2025/03/08】)
1. migration: "the movement of people to a new country or area in order to find work or better living conditions" (Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, no date, migration)
displacement: "the situation in which people are forced to leave the place where they normally live" (Cambridge Dictionary, no date, displacement)
2. “Migration is, first and foremost, a normal human activity. Human beings have always moved from ‘one country, locality, [and] place of residence to settle in another’. We tend to migrate from the homes of our families or guardians into our own homes. We migrate between regions, cities and towns. And we also migrate between countries.” (Our migration story, no date, What is migration?)
3. Forced displacement: “Every year, millions of people are forced to leave their homes due to conflict, violence, human rights violations, persecution, disasters, and the impact of climate change.” (European Commission, no date, forced displacement)
Japan: Foreign students in Japan face big hurdles entering public high schools (Nikkei Asia, 7 January 2023)
日本:3.11原発事故「棄民」の日本政府に国連が突き付けた勧告ー「誠実な対応を」NGOや避難者が訴え(YAHOOニュースJAPAN志葉玲, 2018/03/11)
日本:川口のクルド人ら11人、日本人ジャーナリストを異例の基礎「人権侵害だ」500万請求(産経新聞, 2024/03/19)
Japan: Born "Illegal" in Japan (NHK, 20 January 2021)
Canada: Minister says Canada needs more immigration as targets get mixed reviews (CBC, 13 January 2023)
Germany: Germany's migration reforms will target African workers (Deutsche Welle, 23 February, 2023)
Taiwan: Migrant workers in Taiwan lean on communities for comfort (Part 1/2) (CNA English News, 23 January 2023)
Refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants (Amnesty International, no date)
Climate refugees: 'Migrant-friendly' cities offer hope for climate refugees (Deutsche Welle, 11 August 2022)
How migration is a gender equality issue (UN Women, no date)
Human trafficking: Migration and trafficking (Anti-Slavery International, 2023)
Forced displacement at record levels as a cause and consequence of increased need (Humanitarian Action, 8th December 2023)
Uprooted in their own land: Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) (UNHCR, no date)
Why people migrate [Video 4:27] (People's History Museum, 14 October 2021)
A refugee's story | Migration: a human story [Video 4:16] (People's History Museum, 12 October 2021)
What is climate migration? [Video 1:17] (C40 Cities, 16 December 2021)
What's It Like To Be A Foreign Worker in Japan? (CNA Correspondent, 27 October 2022)
Students' Immigration Stories [Video 3:57] (What does it mean to be American?, 10 September 2020)
Seeking asylum in Japan: Children of immigrants want rights [Video 2:08] (TRT World, 19 December 2016)
Examples of local action in Japanese society
外国ルーツの子らの「居場所守りたい」 支援継続へCFで資金募る(朝日新聞, 2025/02/26)
東北の被災地に寄り添い続けて:東日本大震災14年(AAR JAPAN, 2025/03/07)
Japan: Solidarity Network with Migrants Japan (SMJ) English here & Japanese here
Examples of local action in other societies
Australia, Adelaide: Grannies helping refugee children learn English form 'amazing' connection with Adelaide students (ABC, 9 April 2023)
Germany, Hebertshausen: This German village is embracing integration (Deutsche Welle, 26 January 2024)
UK Student Support Group: Student Action for Refugees (STAR, 2025)