What does "poverty" mean to you?
What kinds of situations come to mind when you see or hear "poverty"?
What do you want to know about "poverty"? Why?
貧困 - どのように定義されているのでしょうか?
多次元貧困指数MPIとは、UNDPとOPHIが2010年人間開発報告書において導入した、貧困を多面的に捉えるための指数です。通常は金銭的な観点からのみ貧困が定義されますが、このMPIでは教育・健康・生活水準の3つの次元に含まれる具体的な指標項目に重み付けをして算出された点数が基準値よりも高い場合に貧困と定義されます。MPIは国家間の比較も可能です。(JIRCAS国際農研, 2023/07/20, 823.2023年世界多次元貧困指数(MPI)報告書【2025/03/08】
2019年のグローバル「多次元貧困指数(MPI)」は、単なる金銭的指標を越え、人々が日常的にどのような形で貧困を経験しているかを見ることにより、全世界の貧困の姿を詳しく描き出しています。例えば、MPIは人々が健康かどうか、きれいな水を利用できるかどうか、学校に通えているかどうかを考慮に入れています。全世界の多次元貧困の性質と程度に関する情報が得られれば、政策立案者は、あらゆる形態の貧困に終止符を打つという、持続可能な開発目標(SDG)1の課題によりよく対応できるようになります。
2019年版のグローバルMPIは、57億人が暮らす101か国を対象としていますが、これは世界人口の約76%にあたります。多次元貧困層とは、健康、教育、生活水準に関する加重指標のうち、少なくとも3分の1で貧困状態にある人々を指します。UNDP駐日代表事務所, 2019/07/12, 2019年グローバ
国連開発計画(UNDP)とオックスフォード貧困・人間開発イニシアティブ(OPHI)が作成している多次元貧困指数(MPI)は、健康不良や不十分な教育、低い生活水準など、人々が日常生活で経験しているさまざまな種類の貧困を考慮に入れ、貧困を測定する指標です。(PR TIMES, 2021/10/08, 貧困指数、民族集団間の厳しい格差を明らかに【2025/03/08】)
1. “Multidimensional poverty is the concept that poverty is more than just income, and also includes — but is not limited to — education, health, living standards, access to basic services, social inclusion, and empowerment. … Living in poverty often entails facing multiple disadvantages simultaneously, such as poor health, malnutrition, lack of clean water or electricity, low-quality employment, or limited access to education.” (Global Citizen, 2 April 2024, Extreme Poverty: Everything You Need to Know)
2. “… (P)overty is caused by more than a lack of money. Poverty is human-made and is caused by injustice. The unfair treatment of people – often based on their gender, race or religion – means they have unequal access to resources, opportunities and services. This power imbalance also means they are unable to voice their concerns or contribute to the decisions that impact their lives.” (Oxfam Australia, no date, What is poverty?)
3. “At its core, poverty means going without essential resources. Imagine the uncertainty of opening your pantry (= a small room or large cupboard in a house where food is kept) and wondering if you’ll have enough to make a meal or living in housing that doesn’t feel safe because there’s no better option within reach. For many people, this is a daily reality.
Conversations about basic needs go beyond simply pointing out what’s missing—it’s about understanding how the absence of food, shelter, and healthcare affects well-being. … This isn't just about money; it’s about dignity, health, and stability.” (Enough for All, 3 October 2024, What does poverty mean to you?)
Japan: Child poverty is a problem Japan needs to give a voice to (Zenbird, 2020)
日本:東京都と隣接3県の教育格差を懸念、神奈川知事「財政力の違いは圧倒的」…都の高校実質無償化に不公平感募らせる(読売新聞オンライン, 2024/05/11)
日本:「生理の貧困」はなぜ起きる?日本の現状や支援方法について解説(ELEMINIST, 2023/12/11)
Japan: More than 40% of single elderly women struggle to live in poverty (The Asahi Shimbun, 2024)
Japan: Poor students at disadvantage in new system for admissions (The Asahi Shimbun, 2024)
Germany: What poverty looks like in a rich country (Deutsche Welle, 2024)
France: ‘Feminisation of poverty’: France’s cost-of-living crisis is hitting women hardest (France24, 2023)
Japan: Over 40% polled in Japan say parents' divorce, separation made life harder (The Mainichi, 2021)
What is Multidimensional Poverty?
(The Multidimensional Poverty Peer Network, no date)
Poverty in Japan (Zenbird, no date)
Women in Poverty: Japan’s Silent Scourge (Nippon.com, 2022)
The facts: How climate change affects people living in poverty (Mercy Corp, 2021)
Social background to poverty rsesearch in Japan (Research Center for Child and Adolescent Poverty, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 2022)
Child poverty in Japan is REAL 日本の子供の貧困の数値は非常に高い [Video 3:20] (Rionne Fujiwara McAvoy, 10 March 2023)
What is poverty? [Video 6:58] (Vision for Life Foundation, 10 August 2021)
The problem of education inequality [Video 8:50] (CNBC International, 28 August 2020)
Dewi and Putri: How Inequality Separates Two Girls from Indonesia [Video 3:31] (World Bank, 3 November 2014)
How climate change is making inequality worse [Video 4:55] (BBC, 27 September 2021)
The inheritance of poverty [Video 11:19] (TEDxDayton, 26 January 2021)
Examples of local action in Japanese society
全国に広がる学費値上げの動き 連帯して抗議する大学生たち(毎日新聞, 2025/03/19)
全国に広がる学費値上げの動き 連帯して抗議する大学生たち(毎日新聞, 2025/03/19)
コロナ禍の"負のループ"知ってほしいシングルマザーの困窮(NHK, 2022/03/09)
A New Approach to Tackling Poverty: The Grown-Ups' Cafeteria Program (Nippon.com, March 24 2020)
Examples of local action in other societies
Around the world: #TheLabouringChildhood – 7 Street Artists Take A Stand Against Child Labour (Railway Children, 2024)
Canada: The "Put Food Banks Out of Business Campaign
UK: Twelve universities gain Fairtrade status in national ‘Fairtrade University and College Award’ (Faitrade Foundation, 17 August 2023)