What does "gender (in)equality" mean to you?
What kinds of situations come to mind when you see or hear "gender (in)equality"?
What do you want to know about "gender (in)equality"? Why?
男女不平等- どのように定義されているのでしょうか?
性別に基づいて差をつけること、あるいは平等ではない扱いをすることなどを意味する表現。「性差別」とも言う。(実用日本語表現辞典, 2013.04.04, weblio辞書)
ジェンダー不平等とは、社会的・文化的な性別(ジェンダー)にもとづく偏見や、男女の雇用・賃金格差といった経済的な不平等に関する問題を指します。
ジェンダー(gender)とは、生物学的な性別(sex)に対し、社会的・文化的役割としての性別を意味します。男性・女性であることにより期待される役割はもちろん、性別による機会の違い、男女間の関係性などもジェンダーに含まれています。
たとえば、「料理や子供のお迎えは母親がするのが当たり前」「男は泣いてはいけない」「女性は男性をたてるべき」「リーダーはやっぱり男性がいい」といった社会通念により規定される性は、ジェンダーだと言えるでしょう。(Ideas for Good, 日付なし, ジェンダー不平等とは?)
ジェンダー不平等(男女格差)とは、性別を理由として、不当な取り扱いや差別を受けることをいいます。ここでいう「ジェンダー」とは社会的・文化的な性差を指し、生物学的な性差とは区別されます。つまり「男性らしさ」や「女性らしさ」いった、社会から「こうあるべき」姿として規定された性差が「ジェンダー」です。(PASONA パソナの人材サービス・ITソリューション, 2024.08.26, ジェンダー不平等(男女格差)とは?男女格差を克服するために企業が取り組むべき施策も紹介)
1. “the right of people who are male, female, or another gender identity to have a similar social position and receive the same treatment” (Cambridge Dictionary, no date, gender equality)
2. “A ‘gender-equal society’ is a 'society in which both men and women, as equal members, have the opportunity to participate in all kinds of social activities at will, equally enjoy political, economical and cultural benefits, and share responsibilities.' In such a society, the human rights of men and women are equally respected. Women who desire an active role in society may participate in activities of their own choosing, while men could enjoy a fulfilling home and community life. A gender-equal society is a society built by men and women as equal partners." (Gender Equality Bureau Cabinet Office, 2016, What is a gender-equal society?)
3. “Gender equality entails equal rights for women and men, girls and boys, as well as the same visibility, empowerment, responsibility and participation, in all spheres of public and private life. It also implies equal access to and distribution of resources between women and men.“ (Council of Europe, 2018, Council of Europe Gender Equality Strategy, p. 5)
UK: From stereotypes to 'mental load' – how do women feel about gender equality? (BBC, 15 March 2026)
日本: 【解説】日本の大スターが失脚、女性の権利にとって転換点になるか(BBC, 2025.02.25)
日本: 「逆差別」の声もある中、大学理工系学部の「女子枠」入試が急増している必然 女性のSTEM分野進出は日本経済にとっても重要(東洋経済オンライン, 2024.05.16)
France: Women battle on for equality in top business jobs (France 24, 5 March 2024)
Germany: Gender pay gap in Germany: Women earn 18% less than men (Deutsche Welle, 18 January 2024)
Japan: Japan ranks 118th in 2024 gender gap report, still far worst among G7 (Kyodo News, 12 June 2024)
Japan: One in Three Japanese Still Face Gender Discrimination in Job Recruitment (Nippon.com, 14 June 2023)
Spain: Equal parental leave prompts Spanish men to care for children (The Asahi Shimbun, 14 March 2023)
Women's rights (Amnesty International, no date)
Gender stereotypes take shape at an early age (Asahi Shimbun, 7 November 2022)
Systemic changes necessary to achieve gender equality in Japan (University of Tokyo, 26 March 2024)
What is violence against women and girls? (End Violence Against Women, 2022)
Gender Inequality in Education [Video 3:52] (Martina Magrini, TEDxICS Zurich Youth, 27 February 2025)
Why is there a Gender Pay Gap in Sport? [Video 5:16] (ABC News, 30 August 2023)
Japanese women not encouraged to study science — what are the consequences? [Video 9:16] (Deutsche Welle, 28 July 2023)
Berkeley professor explains gender theory [Video 13:23] (Big Think, 8 June 2023)
How a female mayor in Tokyo is fighting Japan's sexist attitudes [Video 3:36] (BBC, 9 March 2023)
Japan Gets First Female Prime Minister: Will She Bring In Gender Reforms? | Women Inequality Japan [Video 1:11] (Nippon Television News Japan, 16 June 2022)
Examples of local action in Japanese society
性差別や無意識の偏見なくすため 思い共有 公益大学生有志企画「ジェンダーカード交流会」質問カード基に市民や学生意見交換(荘内日報社, 2025/01/31)
タレントのSHELLYさんが国会へ 「同意のない性行為は的確に処罰を」 刑法改正案の審議で (日テレNEWS NNN, 2023/05/16)
Activist Rina Ishii on Japanese Society and Feminism (Tokion, 6 October 2020)
Colabo: Working to create a society where girls can live their own lives without falling into violence or exploitation (Colabo, no date)
Examples of local action in other societies
Caroline Walker, Scotland: A contemporary Scottish painter representing the everyday lives of women in her artworks (no date)
Myanmar: Women fighting Myanmar’s authoritarian regime (The Upstream Journal, 24 January 2024)
New Zealand: Women's Refuge (Women's Refuge, 2021)
Sweden: Defending women's rights: What we do (The Kvinna till Kvinna Foundation, no date)