What does "gender (in)equality" mean to you?
What kinds of situations come to mind when you see or hear "gender (in)equality"?
What do you want to know about "gender (in)equality"? Why?
男女不平等- どのように定義されているのでしょうか?
性別に基づいて差をつけること、あるいは平等ではない扱いをすることなどを意味する表現。「性差別」とも言う。(実用日本語表現辞典, 2013.04.04, weblio辞書)
ジェンダー不平等とは、社会的・文化的な性別(ジェンダー)にもとづく偏見や、男女の雇用・賃金格差といった経済的な不平等に関する問題を指します。
ジェンダー(gender)とは、生物学的な性別(sex)に対し、社会的・文化的役割としての性別を意味します。男性・女性であることにより期待される役割はもちろん、性別による機会の違い、男女間の関係性などもジェンダーに含まれています。
たとえば、「料理や子供のお迎えは母親がするのが当たり前」「男は泣いてはいけない」「女性は男性をたてるべき」「リーダーはやっぱり男性がいい」といった社会通念により規定される性は、ジェンダーだと言えるでしょう。(Ideas for Good, 日付なし, ジェンダー不平等とは?)
ジェンダー不平等(男女格差)とは、性別を理由として、不当な取り扱いや差別を受けることをいいます。ここでいう「ジェンダー」とは社会的・文化的な性差を指し、生物学的な性差とは区別されます。つまり「男性らしさ」や「女性らしさ」いった、社会から「こうあるべき」姿として規定された性差が「ジェンダー」です。(PASONA パソナの人材サービス・ITソリューション, 2024.08.26, ジェンダー不平等(男女格差)とは?男女格差を克服するために企業が取り組むべき施策も紹介)
1. “the right of people who are male, female, or another gender identity to have a similar social position and receive the same treatment” (Cambridge Dictionary, no date, gender equality)
2. “A ‘gender-equal society’ is a 'society in which both men and women, as equal members, have the opportunity to participate in all kinds of social activities at will, equally enjoy political, economical and cultural benefits, and share responsibilities.' In such a society, the human rights of men and women are equally respected. Women who desire an active role in society may participate in activities of their own choosing, while men could enjoy a fulfilling home and community life. A gender-equal society is a society built by men and women as equal partners." (Gender Equality Bureau Cabinet Office, 2016, What is a gender-equal society?)
3. “Gender equality entails equal rights for women and men, girls and boys, as well as the same visibility, empowerment, responsibility and participation, in all spheres of public and private life. It also implies equal access to and distribution of resources between women and men.“ (Council of Europe, 2018, Council of Europe Gender Equality Strategy, p. 5)
Japan: Japan ranks 118th in 2024 gender gap report, still far worst among G7 (Kyodo News, 12 June 2024)
日本: 日本経済新聞, 2022.05.19, 医学部入試「女性差別」、順天堂大に賠償命令 東京地裁
Japan: One in Three Japanese Still Face Gender Discrimination in Job Recruitment (Nippon.com, 14 June 2023)
Canada: Gender inequality driving wave of female Japanese immigrants to Canada (CBC, 8 March 2023)
Germany: Gender pay gap in Germany: Women earn 18% less than men (Deutsche Welle, 18 January 2024)
Iceland: Women hold all-day strike for gender equality (Deutsche Welle, 10 October 2023)
Spain: Equal parental leave prompts Spanish men to care for children (The Asahi Shimbun, 14 March 2023)
Women's rights (Amnesty International, no date)
Gender stereotypes take shape at an early age (Asahi Shimbun, 7 November 2022)
What is violence against women and girls? (End Violence Against Women, 2022)
Systemic changes necessary to achieve gender equality in Japan (University of Tokyo, 26 March 2024)
How a female mayor in Tokyo is fighting Japan's sexist attitudes [Video 3:36] (BBC, 9 March 2023)
Gender stereotypes and education [Video 1:23] (European Institute for Gender Equality, 17 August 2017)
Japanese women not encouraged to study science — what are the consequences? [Video 9:16] (Deutsche Welle, 28 July 2023)
The Road to Gender Equality - Malala’s story [Video 4:43] (United Nations, 23 September 2020)
Gender equality: Japan lagging behind other developed nations [Video 5:25] (France24, 12 March 2020)
Berkeley professor explains gender theory [Video 13:23] (Big Think, 8 June 2023)
Examples of local action in Japanese society
性差別や無意識の偏見なくすため 思い共有 公益大学生有志企画「ジェンダーカード交流会」質問カード基に市民や学生意見交換(荘内日報社, 2025/01/31)
タレントのSHELLYさんが国会へ 「同意のない性行為は的確に処罰を」 刑法改正案の審議で (日テレNEWS NNN, 2023/05/16)
Activist Rina Ishii on Japanese Society and Feminism (Tokion, 6 October 2020)
Young activist pushes for youth input on gender equality policies (The Asahi Shimbun, 20 January 2021)
Examples of local action in other societies
Around the world: What does gender equality look like? Artists around the world share their vision (UN Women, 21 June 2021)
Sweden: Defending women's rights: What we do (The Kvinna till Kvinna Foundation, no date)
Taiwan: Combining women's power to care for the society, so to improve the quality of life and ensure the sustainability of the living environment (Homemakers United Foundation, 2024)
Thailand: Don't Tell Me How To Dress Movement (DTMHTD, no date)