1812 Overture
Listening Guide
Composer: Pyotr (Peter) Ilyich Tchaikovsky (b. 1840–1893)
Composition: 1812 Overture
Date: 1882
Genre: Symphonic Overture
Form: Two-part overture—Choral and Finale
Performing Forces: Large orchestra, including a percussion section with large bells and a battery of cannons
What we want you to remember about this composition:
- The piece depicts preparation for war, the actual conflict, and victory after the war is ended. It is quite descriptive in nature.
- Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture is one of the most famous and forceful pieces of classical music. The 1812 Overture is particularly famous for its epic finale.
- It was made famous and mainstream to the public in the United States through public concerts on July 4th by city orchestras such as the Boston Pops.
- Though the piece was written to celebrate the anniversary of Russia's victory over France in 1812, the piece's finale is very often used for the 4th of July during fireworks displays.
Timing
Performing Forces, Melody, Texture, and Form
The Russian hymn "Spasi, Gospodi, Iyudi Tvoya" ("O Lord, Save Thy People") is performed in the strings
The music morphs into a more suspenseful style creating tension of possible upcoming conflict.
An energetic, disjunct style portrays an attack from the French. Brief motives of La Marseillaise (the French national anthem) are heard. The energy continues to build. The tension diminishes.
A reference to a lyrical section is heard contrasting the previous war scene.
A traditional Russian folk-dance tune "U vorot" ("At the gate") is introduced.
The energetic conflicting melodies are reintroduced depicting conflict.
The lyrical peaceful tune is reintroduced.
The folk dance is reintroduced.
The French Marseillaise motive appears again in the horns. Tension and energy again build.
Percussion and even real cannons are used to depict the climax of the war conflict. This followed by a musical loss of tension through descending and broadening lines in the strings.
The Russian Hymn is heard again in victory with the accompaniment of all the church bells in celebration commemorating victory throughout Russia.
The music excels portraying a hasty French retreat.
The Russian anthem with cannons/percussion overpowers the French theme, The church bells join in again symbolic of the Russian victory.