Table of Contents
MUS 121:
Students are encouraged to make use of a web annotation tool in order to be able to highlight and save notes. One such service that might work well for students in Music Appreciation is diigo.
eBook information
GALILEO, University System of Georgia
GALILEO Open Learning Materials
Fall 2015
Understanding Music: Past and Present
Revised and Corrected Edition by Jonathan Kulp, 2017
Revised and Corrected Edition by Michael Sundblad, 2020
Original Authors
N. Alan Clark
Middle Georgia State University, norman.clark@mga.edu
Thomas Heflin
Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, theflin@abac.edu
Jeffrey Kluball
Darton State College, jeff.kluball@darton.edu
Elizabeth Kramer
University of West Georgia, ekramer@westga.edu
Digital Editor for some content
Jonathan Kulp
University of Louisiana at Lafayette, kulp@louisiana.edu
Digital Editor for other content
Michael Sundblad
Thomas Nelson Community College, sundbladm@tncc.edu
Part of the Musicology Commons and the Music Theory Commons
Recommended Citation
Clark, N. Alan; Heflin, Thomas; Kluball, Jeffrey; and Kramer, Elizabeth, "Understanding Music: Past and Present" (2015). Fine ArtsOpen Textbooks. Book 1. https://sites.google.com/email.vccs.edu/music/ebook/
This Open Textbook is brought to you for free and open access by the Fine Arts at GALILEO Open Learning Materials. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fine Arts Open Textbooks by an authorized administrator of GALILEO Open Learning Materials. For more information, please contact affordablelearninggeorgia@usg.edu.
Understanding Music
Past and Present
N. Alan Clark, PhD | Thomas Heflin, DMA | Jeffrey Kluball, EdD | Elizabeth Kramer, PhD
Dahlonega, GA
Understanding Music: Past and Present is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This license allows you to remix, tweak, and build upon this work, even commercially, as long as you credit this original source for the creation and license the new creation under identical terms.
If you reuse this content elsewhere, in order to comply with the attribution requirements of the license please attribute the original source to the University System of Georgia.
NOTE: The above copyright license which University System of Georgia uses for their original content does not extend to or include content which was accessed and incorporated, and which is licensed under various other CC Licenses, such as ND licenses. Nor does it extend to or include any Special Permissions which were granted to us by the rightsholders for our use of their content.
Image Disclaimer: All images and figures in this book are believed to be (after a reasonable investigation) either public domain or carry a compatible Creative Commons license. If you are the copyright owner of images in this book and you have not authorized the use of your work under these terms, please contact the University of North Georgia Press at ungpress@ung.edu to have the content removed.
ISBN: 978-1-940771–33-5
Produced by: University System of Georgia
Published by: University of North Georgia Press, Dahlonega, Georgia
Cover Design and Layout Design: Corey Parson
1.1 Objectives
1.2 Key Terms and individuals
1.3 What is Music?
1.3.1 Acoustics
1.3.2 Sound and Sound Waves
1.3.3 Properties of Sound: Pitch
1.3.4 Other Properties of Sound: Dynamics, Articulation, and Timbre
1.4 Music Notation
1.4.1 Old and New Notation
1.5 Performing Forces for Music
1.5.1 The Human Voice as a Performing Force
1.5.2 Musical Instruments as Performing Forces
1.5.3 Non-Acoustic Instruments
1.6 New Recording Technologies
1.6.1 Auto-Tune and Looping
1.7 Melody
1.8 Harmony
1.9 Rhythm
1.9.1 Basic tempo markings
1.9.2 Duple Meter
1.9.3 Triple Meter
1.9.4 Quadruple Meter
1.10 Texture
1.11 Putting It All Together
1.11.1 Form in Music
1.11.2 The Twelve-Bar Blues
1.11.3 AABA Form
1.11.4 Verse and Chorus Forms
1.11.5 Composition and improvisation
1.11.6 Music and Categories
1.12 Chapter Summary
1.13 Glossary
2.1 Objectives
2.2 Key Terms and Individuals
2.3 Introduction and Historical Context
2.3.1 Musical Timeline
2.3.2 Introduction
2.3.3 Historical Context for Music of the Middle Ages (800–1400)
2.4 Music in the Middle Ages: An Overview
2.5 Music for Medieval Christian Worship
2.5.1 The Emergence of Polyphonic Music for the Medieval Church
2.6 Music in Medieval Courts
2.7 Chapter Summary
2.8 Glossary
3.1 Objectives
3.2 Key Terms and Individuals
3.3 Introduction and Historical Context
3.3.1 What Is the Renaissance?
3.3.3 Renaissance Humanism
3.3.4 Rebirth of Ancient Civilizations
3.3.5 Symmetry and Perspective in Art
3.3.6 The Protestant Reformation
3.3.7 Gutenberg Press
3.3.8 Columbus's Voyage
3.4 Music of the Renaissance
3.4.1 Style Overview
3.5 Worship Music
3.5.1 Motet
3.5.2 Music of Catholicism—Renaissance Mass
3.5.3 Music of the Protestant Reformation
3.5.4 The Anthem
3.6 Secular Music—Entertainment Music Of The Renaissance
3.6.1 Thomas Weelkes
3.6.2 Renaissance Dance Music
3.7 Chapter Summary
3.8 Glossary
4.1 Objectives
4.2 Key Terms and Individuals
4.3 Introduction and Historical Context
4.3.1 Science
4.3.2 Philosophy
4.3.3 Art
4.3.4 Literature
4.3.5 Politics
4.3.6 Exploration and Colonialism
4.3.7 Musical Timeline
4.4 Music in the Baroque Period
4.4.1 Music Comparison Overview
4.4.2 General Trends of Baroque Music
4.4.3 Genres of the Baroque Period
4.5 Birth of Opera
4.7 Music of George Frideric Handel (1685–1759)
4.8 Music of Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750)
4.9 Chapter Summary
4.10 Glossary
5.1 Objectives
5.2 Key Terms and Individuals
5.3 Introduction and Historical Context
5.3.1 The Visual Arts and Architecture
5.3.2 Music in Late Eighteenth Century
5.3.3 Musical Timeline
5.4 Music in the Classical Period
5.4.1 Music Comparison Overview
5.4.2 General Trends of Classical Music
5.5 Music of Franz Joseph Haydn (1732–1809)
5.5.1 Overview of Haydn's Music
5.6 Music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791)
5.6.1 Overview of Mozart's Music
5.7 Music of Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770–1827)
5.7.1 Overview of Beethoven's Music
5.8 Chapter Summary
5.9 Glossary
A.1 Introduction
A.2 Important Terms
A.3 North America
A.3.1 Native American Music
A.3.2 Tejano (Texmex)
A.3.3 Southwest Louisiana
A.4 European Folk Music
A.4.1 France
A.4.2 Celtic (Ancient Scotland, Ireland, and a Small Portion of france)
A.4.3 Norway
A.4.4 Russia
A.4.5 Balkan Peninsula (Southeastern Europe)
A.5 Asian Music
A.5.1 India
A.5.2 Japan
A.5.3 China
A.5.4 Indonesia
A.6 South and Central American Folk Music
A.7 Carribean Pop Music
A.8 African Folk Music
A.8.1 Zimbabwe
A.8.2 Senegal
MUS 122:
Students are encouraged to make use of a web annotation tool in order to be able to highlight and save notes. One such service that might work well for students in Music Appreciation is diigo.
eBook information
GALILEO, University System of Georgia
GALILEO Open Learning Materials
Fall 2015
Understanding Music: Past and Present
Revised and Corrected Edition by Jonathan Kulp, 2017
Revised and Corrected Edition by Michael Sundblad, 2020
Original Authors
N. Alan Clark
Middle Georgia State University, norman.clark@mga.edu
Thomas Heflin
Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, theflin@abac.edu
Jeffrey Kluball
Darton State College, jeff.kluball@darton.edu
Elizabeth Kramer
University of West Georgia, ekramer@westga.edu
Digital Editor for some content
Jonathan Kulp
University of Louisiana at Lafayette, kulp@louisiana.edu
Digital Editor for other content
Michael Sundblad
Thomas Nelson Community College, sundbladm@tncc.edu
Part of the Musicology Commons and the Music Theory Commons
Recommended Citation
Clark, N. Alan; Heflin, Thomas; Kluball, Jeffrey; and Kramer, Elizabeth, "Understanding Music: Past and Present" (2015). Fine ArtsOpen Textbooks. Book 1. https://sites.google.com/email.vccs.edu/music/ebook/
This Open Textbook is brought to you for free and open access by the Fine Arts at GALILEO Open Learning Materials. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fine Arts Open Textbooks by an authorized administrator of GALILEO Open Learning Materials. For more information, please contact affordablelearninggeorgia@usg.edu.
Understanding Music
Past and Present
N. Alan Clark, PhD | Thomas Heflin, DMA | Jeffrey Kluball, EdD | Elizabeth Kramer, PhD
Dahlonega, GA
Understanding Music: Past and Present is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This license allows you to remix, tweak, and build upon this work, even commercially, as long as you credit this original source for the creation and license the new creation under identical terms.
If you reuse this content elsewhere, in order to comply with the attribution requirements of the license please attribute the original source to the University System of Georgia.
NOTE: The above copyright license which University System of Georgia uses for their original content does not extend to or include content which was accessed and incorporated, and which is licensed under various other CC Licenses, such as ND licenses. Nor does it extend to or include any Special Permissions which were granted to us by the rightsholders for our use of their content.
Image Disclaimer: All images and figures in this book are believed to be (after a reasonable investigation) either public domain or carry a compatible Creative Commons license. If you are the copyright owner of images in this book and you have not authorized the use of your work under these terms, please contact the University of North Georgia Press at ungpress@ung.edu to have the content removed.
ISBN: 978-1-940771–33-5
Produced by: University System of Georgia
Published by: University of North Georgia Press, Dahlonega, Georgia
Cover Design and Layout Design: Corey Parson
6.1 Objectives
6.2 Key Terms and Individuals
6.3 Introduction and Historical Context
6.3.1 Philosophy
6.3.2 Science
6.3.3 Visual Art
6.3.4 Literature
6.3.5 Nineteenth-Century Musical Contexts
6.3.6 Musical Timeline
6.4 Music in the Nineteenth Century
6.4.1 Music Comparison Overview
6.4.2 General Trends in Nineteenth Century Music
6.5 Music of Franz Schubert (1797–1828)
6.6 Music of the Mendelssohns
6.7 Music of the Schumanns
6.8 Music of Fryderyk Chopin
6.9 Music of Franz Liszt
6.10 Music of Hector Berlioz
6.11 Music of Johannes Brahms (1833–1897)
6.12 Music of Nationalism
6.13 Music of Bedřich Smetana
6.14 Music of Antonín Dvořák
6.14.1 Music for Orchestra
6.14.2 Music for Chamber Ensembles
6.14.3 Operas
6.14.4 Choral and Vocal Works
6.15 Music of Pyotr Tchaikovsky
6.16 Music of John Philip Sousa
6.17 Music of Giuseppe Verdi
6.18 Music of Richard Wagner
6.19 Chapter Summary
6.20 Glossary
6.21 Footnotes
7.1 Objectives
7.2 Key Terms
7.3 Introduction and Historical Context: 1900 To Today
7.3.1 Melody
7.3.2 Harmony
7.3.3 Rhythm
7.3.4 Texture and Timbre
7.3.5 The Role of Music
7.3.6 Compositional Styles: The "-Isms"
7.3.7 Impressionism
7.4 Expressionism and Serialism
7.5 Primitivism in Music
7.6 Neoclassicism
7.7 Minimalism
7.8 The American Style
7.9 The Late Twentieth Century
7.9.1 Musique Concrète
7.9.2 Elektronische Musik
7.9.3 Laptop Orchestras
7.9.4 Film Music
7.9.5 Music for New Media
7.10 Chapter Summary
7.11 Glossary
8.1 Objectives
8.2 Key Terms
8.3 Introduction
8.4 Early American Popular Music – or Not!
8.4.1 Ragtime
8.4.2 The Blues
8.4.3 Jazz
8.4.4 Later Jazz Styles
8.5 The Rs: Rock, Rhythm and Blues and Rap
8.5.1 Rhythm and Blues
8.5.2 Rock and Roll
8.5.3 Rap
8.6 Folk Music
8.7 Country Music
8.8 Music for the Stage
8.8.1 Early Broadway: Operettas
8.8.2 Broadway Musical
8.8.3 American Opera
8.9 Chapter Summary
8.10 Glossary
A.1 Introduction
A.2 Important Terms
A.3 North America
A.3.1 Native American Music
A.3.2 Tejano (Texmex)
A.3.3 Southwest Louisiana
A.4 European Folk Music
A.4.1 France
A.4.2 Celtic (Ancient Scotland, Ireland, and a Small Portion of france)
A.4.3 Norway
A.4.4 Russia
A.4.5 Balkan Peninsula (Southeastern Europe)
A.5 Asian Music
A.5.1 India
A.5.2 Japan
A.5.3 China
A.5.4 Indonesia
A.6 South and Central American Folk Music
A.7 Carribean Pop Music
A.8 African Folk Music
A.8.1 Zimbabwe
A.8.2 Senegal