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Safety and Measurement in the Laboratory
Safety and Measurement in the Laboratory
Experiment 0 covers best practices, safety protocols and an introduction to laboratory equipment and their proper use.
Experiment 0 covers best practices, safety protocols and an introduction to laboratory equipment and their proper use.
Part I - Safety in the Laboratory
Watch the Safety videos and mark the Safety video page in Canvas "Done"
Complete the Safety Agreement and
Complete the Safety quiz in Canvas
Part II - Use of Safety Data Sheet.
Complete the Safety Data Sheet and Labeling document in CanvasPart III - Common Laboratory Equipment
Complete the online Glassware and Equipment quiz in CanvasPart IV - Use of Tools to make measurements -
Complete all measurements in the document.
Discussion:
Discussion:
Safety in the laboratory is a priority that everyone must participate in to ensure a fun and fulfilling experience. The chemistry laboratory is inherently filled with possible dangers. Equipment, materials, and chemicals all have possible safety concerns. Every person in the laboratory is responsible for their own safety and for the safety of the group. Part of having a safe environment is to know the proper use of the chemicals, glassware and equipment and using Good Laboratory Practices which define a set of principles that define the quality and integrity in data collection and reporting results.
The proper understanding of the chemicals used in the laboratory is essential. We need to know how to handle and dispose of the chemical safely. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) are documents required for specific products by United States Federal Law. According to federal law, manufacturers and importers of chemical products must produce an SDS for each hazardous chemical they produce or import. The Safety Data Sheets explain the health, hazards and safe handling of the chemicals used in the lab.
Chemicals are not the only part of an experiment. Equipment and glassware must also be used properly to have a safe and productive experience. Some of the specialized equipment will be explained in the laboratory assignment as needed; however, there are basic techniques in handling, heating and cooling, and measuring that are present in almost every laboratory assignment. Using tools for measuring volume, mass or temperature, the proper use of the Bunsen burner or a hotplate will be explained in this assignment.
Experiment 0 SafetyPresentation
Presentation
this is a presentation for the resources needed to complete Experiment 0 - Safety and Measurement in the Laboratory.
Procedure and Reports
Procedure and Reports
Use the following resources to complete the laboratory assignment
Part I. Safety in the Laboratory
Part I. Safety in the Laboratory
Safety in the laboratory is a priority that everyone must participate to ensure a fun and fulfilling experience. The chemistry laboratory is inherently filled with possible dangers. Equipment, materials, and chemicals all have possible safety concerns. Every person in the laboratory is responsible for their own safety and for the safety of the group. In this experiment, you will watch a video about safety in the laboratory and then discuss the rules and consequences of not following these rules when situations arise while working in the chemistry laboratory.
Based upon the materials provided, a tour of the laboratory space, the equipment present in the laboratory and the safety video, complete the Laboratory Safety Agreement, the MSDS activity and a tour of common laboratory equipment and glassware.
Safety in the laboratory can be classified into several categories, personal safety which includes investigation of any chemicals that will be used and the dangers the chemical may possess; personal behavior in the laboratory setting, first aid and response to emergencies.
Good laboratory practices are the industrial standard for maintain a proper laboratory environment. You should read the Safety rules in the Laboratory Assignment Part I and Appendix B - Clean Laboratory Practice and then watch the following videos.
Starting with Safety video
Although this video is dated, it covers all of the topics that should be understood to work safely in the laboratory. The video was produced by the American Chemical Society.
If you watched the above video previously, watch these Alternate Safety videos. All of these must be watched.
Flinn Scientific Safety Review: http://youtu.be/V-fNpaOX0-g
Proper Dress and PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) / Lab Safety Video Part 1 - http://youtu.be/GjAD83B4JaY
Safety Equipment / Lab Safety Video Part 2 - http://youtu.be/IiHEYtnKfF0
Behavior / Lab Safety Video Part 3 - http://youtu.be/e7VkIuiT1kU
Chemical Hazards / Lab Safety Video Part 4 - http://youtu.be/8queMM7VVfw
Safe Chemical Handling / Lab Safety Video Part 5 - http://youtu.be/uiB8qnlZTAM
Other General Hazards / Lab Safety Video Part 6 - http://youtu.be/q8UiamEWz4Q
Complete the Laboratory Safety Agreement and the Laboratory Safety quiz in Canvas after you have watched the ACS Safety video or all of the alternate videos.
Part II. Safety Data Sheets and Labels
Part II. Safety Data Sheets and Labels
Teachers, students, custodians, and other staff may be exposed to hazardous materials at any time. Such exposure can cause or contribute to serious health effects, such as effects on the nervous systems, kidney or lung damage, sterility, cancer, burns, and rashes. In addition, some hazardous materials may pose immediate physical or chemical risks, such as causing a fire or an explosion. There are three major components to understanding the chemical you will use
Labels applied to containers of hazardous materials. The labels alert the user to the dangers of the product and to the essential precautions for its safe use.
Safety Data Sheets (SDS) must be prepared by the product supplier and supplied to the user. These sheets provide detailed information about product composition, reactivity, health effects, protective equipment and procedures, and emergency procedures.
Education and Training related to hazards and associated safe work procedures is mandatory for those either working with or working in the proximity of the controlled product.
The American Chemical Society on What is a Safety Data Sheet? https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/chemical-safety/basics/safety-data-sheets.html
Watch the video Chemical Hazards / Lab Safety Video Part 4 - http://youtu.be/8queMM7VVfw The video talks about the SDS and labeling used for chemicals in the lab.
Part II Report
Answer the questions on the report
Perform a search for the SDS for the compound assigned by your instructor and complete the Use of Safety Data Sheets. The easiest way to search for a Safety Data Sheet is to simply google it. Look for an SDS that is published by a manufacturer or company. When using resources, ALWAYS write down your resource and cite the resource using proper methods.
Part III. Common Laboratory Equipment and THEIR USES
Part III. Common Laboratory Equipment and THEIR USES
Glassware and equipment is essential to the successful completion of the laboratory assignments. Part II of this lab focuses on the types of glassware or equipment used in the lab.
In the laboratory, we use tools, glassware and equipment regularly. The student should be familiar with all the equipment and how to use it properly. The University of Toronto published Safety in the Use of Laboratory Equipment.
There are four basic types of measurement we will perform in the lab.
mass
volume
length, and
temperature
time is a fifth common measurement.
The equipment and glassware we will use in the lab to make these measurements is described in the laboratory assignment. There are many assessments and resources online to help you identify the glassware and equipment we will be using in the laboratory, this is one you can use to help identify different equipment or glassware.
Basic Chemistry Lab Equipment:
Basic Chemistry Lab Equipment:
To complete this part of the experiment, the student should complete the Glassware and Equipment quiz in Canvas.
Part IV. Use of Tools to make Measurements
Part IV. Use of Tools to make Measurements
Measurement in the laboratory is how we collect data. The tools we use have defined precision based upon the scale represented on the tool. To be able to read the tool with the proper precision, the student must understand the scale. Unit also provide information about the measurement, no number should be represented without a description or a unit.
When a tool is used the ability to make the measurement is dependent upon the markings or scale used on the tool. Precision of the measurement is indicated by the number of values or decimal places can be represented by the scale of the tool.
Scales:
How to Read Scales and the importance of reporting a measurement properly is described in the following:
Mass:
Using a single object, weigh the object on 4 different balances, Determine the average and average deviation of the four masses. Consider: Are all the masses the same? Why are there differences? A balance has precision based upon the number of decimal places it displays for the mass, but the precision of the mass is determined by the average deviation which shows how close each mass is to the average value or to each other.
The proper use of the analytical balance will be described by your instructor. Every balance should always be left clean, any materials spilled wiped up. The doors on an analytical balance should be closed during and after your measurement. Obtain an object and measure the mass on each of the analytical or pan balances provided. Report the mass to the proper significant figures. Compare the mass taken on each balance; calculate a mean or average mass and the standard deviation. Report the answer to the proper significant figures.
We use balances to determine the mass. The following videos show the proper use of an Analytical Balance:
Use the following pictures or images in the laboratory assignment to complete the Use of Tools in Measurement assignment.
Use the following pictures or images in the laboratory assignment to complete the Use of Tools in Measurement assignment.
After closing all doors, the balance is zeroed.
A metal cylinder will be weighed
The mass of the metal cylinder on the first analytical balance
The mass of the metal cylinder on the second analytical balance
The mass of the metal cylinder on the third analytical balance
The mass of the metal cylinder on the fourth analytical balance
The mass on a pan balance
The mass on a second pan balance
Calculate the average and average deviation of your four masses. The following videos explain how to calculate an average and average deviation. They also explain precision and accuracy and how these are determined in the laboratory.
https://youtube.com/watch?v=DZYhvMCFE5Q
Find the mean or average of a group of numbers
https://youtube.com/watch?v=VyBfMDNRM9w
Calculating the mean average deviation
Accuracy and Precision | tylerdewitt
Accuracy and Precision (Part 2)
Volume:
We will determine the volume of liquid in several different glassware items. Record each volume measurement with the correct number of significant figures and units. Remember to observe the water level at eye level
Volume measurements use various tools, but to make precise measurements we use the following tools.
Using a Buret or a pipet: https://youtu.be/Asg55fFt4zk
how to read a graduated cylinder: https://youtu.be/7ewRaV5baik
Buret Tutorial: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1RgFQPJyeiAMbCiXRn21_U2X2XpeKyyqWDHVzVts2As
Complete this simulation and report your score on the quiz in the laboratory report.
In this simulation (https://teachchemistry.org/classroom-resources/measuring-volume-simulation), students will participate in a 10 question quiz. The quiz questions are each made of two parts, with the first part requiring the student to analyze an image of a graduated cylinder in order to report an accurate measurement. Students must use the correct number of significant digits based on the markings presented on the cylinder when reporting the measurement. In the second portion of the question the students will determine the uncertainty value of the graduated cylinder, again by analyzing its markings. The simulation is made up of several different sizes of graduated cylinders, each containing unique markings, so students will be challenged to analyze each individually.
Exp0PartIVVolume.mp4This is an explanation of volume for this experiment.
A 600 mL beaker containing colored water. How much water is present in the beaker? Report the volume with proper significant figures.
A 1000 mL graduated cylinder container water.
A close up view of the meniscus in the 1000 mL graduated cylinder.
A 50 mL graduated cylinder containing colored water.
A close up view of the 50 mL graduated cylinder.
This video shows how to read a graduated cylinder of various sizes and different scales.
A 10 mL graduated cylinder containing colored water.
Close up view of 10 mL graduated cylinder
Watch this video to see how a buret measures liquids.
Buret Tutorial: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1RgFQPJyeiAMbCiXRn21_U2X2XpeKyyqWDHVzVts2As
Close up view of water in the 50 mL buret. Remember in a buret the volume reading is how much has been removed from the buret, not how much is present in the buret.
Length:
Measurement of length can be accomplished using several tools.
How to read a standard ruler (in inches): https://youtu.be/H70smlwaKrE
How to read a metric ruler: https://youtu.be/GbOu0d18mSg
How to read a micrometer: https://youtu.be/O8vMFFYNIfo
How to read a caliper: https://youtu.be/MHu_BaYoKfM
Exp0PartIVLength.mp4This is an explanation of how to use the tools and make the measurements of length for this experiment.
A standard ruler in inches to the left on the ruler and a metric ruler in centimeters to the right above.
The diameter of the cylinder on a standard ruler in inches
The diameter of the cylinder on a metric rule in cm and mm.
The metal cylinder in a caliper.
The venier scale on the caliber. What is the diameter of the cylinder based upon this scale?
The video shows how to read a caliper with a venier scale to the proper significant figures.
This video shows how to use and read a metric micrometer with the proper significant figures.
The metal cylinder in the micrometer.
What is the diameter of the metal cylinder as measured in the micrometer?
Part IV.F. Temperature:
Part IV.F. Temperature:
We can use several types of thermometers, digital as shown in the picture, mercury or alcohol thermometers.
Most thermometers that we have in the lab can often read temperature in both the Celsius or the Fahrenheit scales but generally, we always use the Celsius scale in science.
Measure the temperature of water in a beaker using a thermometer.
If you read the Fahrenheit scale, we would need to convert that temperature into Celsius.
The third temperature scale we use in science is Kelvin. The Kelvin scale or Absolute temperature measures the energy of the particles and becomes extremely important when we are looking at the atomic scale of matter. I want you to convert this temperature into Kelvin.
Temperature of Water in Beaker
Complete the scales and the measurement parts of this experiment. The measurements can be completed by using the above pictures
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