Chapter 15

Entropy and Free Energy

Review. Enthalpy, Enthalpy of Formation and Hess's Law

1. 1. 1. Define Enthalpy

      2. Define Standard State

      3. Define Enthalpy of Formation

      4. Understand and Use Hess's Law to solve for the Enthalpy of reaction

Unit 1. Definitions, Enthalpy and Entropy

1. 1. 1. Distinguish between a spontaneous and nonspontaneous process and cite examples of each.

      2. Define entropy.

      3. Calculate the change in entropy of a system given the moles of ideal gas, initial and final volumes of the gas.

      4. Describe the conditions for standard entropy.

      5. Calculate the standard enthalpy or entropy change for a given reaction.

      6. List key trends in standard entropy of atoms and molecules.

      7. Predict the sign of ΔS of a process and use the sign to indicate whether the system has undergone an
         increase or decrease in entropy.

      8. Give in your own words the second law of thermodynamics.

      9. Give in your own words the third law of thermodynamics.

Unit 2. Gibbs free energy

1. 1. 1. Define Gibbs free energy.

      2. Use ΔH and ΔS to calculate ΔG and, in turn, determine whether a process is spontaneous.

      3. Predict the sign of ΔG given ΔH and ΔS.

      4. Define standard free energy of formation.

      5. Calculate the standard free energy of a given reaction.

      6. Explain, using thermodynamic terms, why energetically unfavored metabolic reactions can occur.