On Campus Experiment 23

PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS

Learning Objectives

Upon completion of this experiment, students will have experienced:

1. 1. (CLO1). Explain basic chemical concepts related to chemical changes, energy, and properties of matter.
  2. (CLO2). Apply the methods of scientific inquiry
  3. (CLO3). Analyze evidence to decide if generalizations or conclusions based on the obtained data are warranted
  4. (CHM 111 MLO5) Identify the intermolecular forces: dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, and dispersion forces present in a given substance.
  5. (MLO1) Explain how intermolecular forces and polarizability affect chemical and physical properties of liquids and solids: vapor pressure, boiling point, surface tension, capillary action, density, volatility and viscosity
  6. (MLO1) Calculate the vapor pressure of a liquid at a given temperature.
  7. Utilize techniques of extraction, paper chromatography, and fabric dyeing

Experiment 23 discusses the properties of liquids including capillary action, surface tension, vapor pressure and boiling point due to the polarity and structure of the compound and the intermolecular forces that exist in the pure compound.

The assignments that must be completed are:

Complete the pre writing assignment for the laboratory notebook
Complete the pre laboratory problems before coming to the class meeting.
Complete the report by utilizing the resources below and in the classroom to complete all parts of the assignment.
Complete the conclusion paragraph for this assignment.

Experiment 23

Discussion

The background and discussion portion of this lab is available in the Learning objectives and discussion document.

Experiment 23 Discussion

Pre laboratory writing

Complete the pre laboratory writing assignment in your laboratory notebook. The prewriting must be completed before the laboratory session begins. The writing should include a purpose/hypothesis of the experiment, a discussion or theory, a detailed step by step summary of the procedure explaining what data will be collected and how you will collect it. Data Tables or space to collect the data should be included within the procedure discussion. Look up any SDS on chemicals you are not familiar with.

Pre laboratory Problems

Complete the pre laboratory problems before coming to the class meeting.

Exp 23 Pre lab questions

Procedure

Part I - Miscibility and Solubility

Determine the solubility or miscibility of the liquid and solid combinations of water, ethanol, hexane, NaCl and iodine. To complete this assignment, complete the mixtures at home with common chemicals or watch the following videos and describe your observations in the report. Answer the questions required in the assignment.

Determine the affect of polarity on the solubility of ionic and molecular compounds in water or hexane

Solubility of water in ethanol and hexane: https://youtu.be/Z_kM5bIzEH0
Intermolecular forces: Like dissolve like: https://youtu.be/bYUC4NlVHx8
Solubility of Iodine in water, ethanol and hexane: https://youtu.be/z7xnLQ2K3_0

Experiment 23 Procedure

Part II - Extraction

In this part of the experiment you will investigate how one substance can be preferentially removed from another due to differences in polarity.

Extraction of Iodine

https://youtu.be/3A9DQF5YzqU

CHEM0011 Videos - This shows that iodine went into the paint thinner (organic) layer.

Part III - Capillary Action

Part A: Simulation

In this part of the experiment you will investigate the relationship between intermolecular forces and capillary action. Use the following simulation to determine the height of various liquids in a capillary tube. https://demonstrations.wolfram.com/CapillaryAction/ The required surface tension and specific gravity needed to measure the height of the liquid in the capillary tube is given in the procedure of the laboratory assignment.

Complete any calculations and questions.

Part B: Real Liquids

Continue this experiment by placing a capillary tube into the liquid to observe the meniscus and height of the liquid.

Part IV- Fabric Dyeing

In this part of the experiment you will investigate the relationship between the structure of several fibers both natural and synthetic and their interaction with a dye.

Part V - Vapor Pressure, Evaporation and Boiling

Part A: Vapor pressure of liquids

We will plot the vapor pressure of several liquids at various temperatures using the Vapor pressure of Liquids simulation

http://billvining.com/mmlib_sims/#gen_11_7

Part B. Evaporation

Watch and report on the rate of evaporation for several liquids

Evaporation and Intermolecular Attractions: https://youtu.be/Oq-hb0sMspw

Evaporation project: https://youtu.be/xZHv1Ye0JIk

Evaporation of ethanol, acetone and water: https://youtu.be/wS872X6_Zww

Part C: Boiling Points. Use the following videos to understand when a liquid boils under both temperature and pressure conditions. Watch the Water in a vacuum chamber - Triple point to observe when all three states of water can coexist.

https://youtu.be/zzVtbvVS2lQ

mrsciguy

A classroom demonstration of the effects of lowering the air pressure on the boiling point of water.

https://youtu.be/0xcxumccf8Q

Sergey Pilipenko

https://youtu.be/Py0GEByCke4

Wayne Breslyn

What is boiling? An introduction to why water boils.

This video represents a proof of concept for the development of STEM learning resources collaboratively developed by students and a STEM expert (in this case Dr. B, a GHS teacher).

Video (0:00-0:15, 1:00-1:10), animation (the one with the green circle - 0:47 - 0:59), as well as research/script writing support, provided by students. Molecular simulations by Dr. B. using AtomSmith software.

The final version will contain student voice overs as well as Dr. B.

Boiling is a concept many students struggle with. Many believe the bubbles contain either air, H2 and O2 gases, or heat. Much of this is due to the difficulty visualizing the behavior of water molecules during boiling.

https://youtu.be/glLPMXq6yc0

MrGrodskiChemistry

Cold water about 23 degree Celsius water is placed in a vacuum chamber and boils when the pressure in the chamber approximates the vapor pressure. I placed a thermometer inside the chamber and observed a decrease in temperature as it boils

https://youtu.be/y4BGV7-1lhs

Cody'sLab

I put water in a vacuum chamber to bring it to its triple point.

Report and Conclusion Paragraph

Complete the data and result tables, graphs, calculations and answer all required questions.

Complete a conclusion paragraph using the RERUNS method. A discussion of how to write a conclusion paragraph is given in Appendix D: How to Write a Formal Laboratory Report

Experiment 23 Report

Experiment 23

Experiment 23 Full document

This document contains all the discussion, procedure and reports needed to complete this assignment.

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