Spelling Rule 28

Rule 28 refers to the phonogram 'ed'. This phonogram has three sounds: ‘ed’, ‘d’, ‘t’ and is used to form the past tens of verbs.

• For example:

- If the word/verb ends in the sound ‘d’ or ‘t’ adding ‘ed’ makes another syllable that says ‘ed’ such as hand ed.

- If the final consonant in the word/verb is voiced (can feel the vibration when putting fingers on voicebox), the ending ‘ed’ says ‘d’ such as lived.

- If the word/verb ends in an unvoiced consonant (can’t feel your voice box vibrating), the ending ‘ed’ says ‘t’ such as looked.

Watch the tutorial videos below to see how the Spelling Tools, Spelling Rule 28 and Reading Tools are used to spell challenging words.

Special Note:

Not all words will follow the spelling rule. These are called exceptions. If 90% or more words follow this rule then this is still a great tool to help become a proficient speller. Language experience will deal with the rest.