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Tumut High School uses the APA 7 style for referencing.
It is your responsibility to be ethical users of information by correctly acknowledging the resources you use.
It is important to understand the basics of manually constructing references because online reference generators are not always accurate.
The four basic elements of a reference
The four basic elements of a reference
Who- Author
Who- Author
When- Date of publication
When- Date of publication
What- Title of work (add type enclosed in square brackets, if not text i.e. [Map], [Introduction], [Film], [Image], [Video], [Album])
What- Title of work (add type enclosed in square brackets, if not text i.e. [Map], [Introduction], [Film], [Image], [Video], [Album])
Where- Source of information (publisher=book, URL=website, publication=periodical)
Where- Source of information (publisher=book, URL=website, publication=periodical)
(Note: Order is important)
(Note: Order is important)
Three basic format types
Three basic format types
Book example
Book example
Author, A. (date). Title of book. Publisher Name
Silvey, C. (2010). Jasper Jones: A novel. Allen & Unwin
Who Author(s) Silvey, C
Last Name, First intial(s)
When 2010
Date published
What Jasper Jones: A novel
Book Title
Where Allen & Unwin
Publisher name
In-text Citation: (Silvey, 2010)
Periodical example (magazines, newspapers, journals)
Periodical example (magazines, newspapers, journals)
Author, A. (Year). Title of article. Periodical title, Volume (Edition), page(s).
Parker, L. (2018). Plastic. National Geographic, 6, 40-68.
Who Parker, L.
Author(s)/Org.
When 2018
Date published
What Plastic
Title of work
Where National Geographic
Periodical title
Volume
Edition 6
Pages 40-69
In-text citation: (Parker, 2018, p. 42)
Website example
Website example
Author, A. (date). Title of work [Format description]. https://URL
CrashCourse. (2012, August 30). Coal, steam and the industrial revolution: Crash course world history#32 [Video File]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhL5DCizj5c
Who CrashCourse.
Author(s)/Org.
When 2012, August 30
Date published
What Coal, steam and the industrial revolution: Crash course world history#32
Title of work [Video File]
[Type of work]
Where https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhL5DCizj5c
URL
In-text citation: (CrashCourse, 2012)
Acknowledging images (within known sources)
Acknowledging images (within known sources)
It is a common misconception that cutting and pasting tables, graphs, photographs etc. with (or without) their captions from a resource is acceptable without acknowledging the images themselves as a source. When using images contained within a resource or article, then the general rules for attribution apply.
Image example
Image example
Author, A. (date). Title of work [Format description]. https://URL
Australian Government Department of Health. (2021, October 15). Coronavirus (COVID-19) at a glance – 14 October 2021 [Infographic]. https://www.health.gov.au/resources/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-at-a-glance-14-october-2021
Who Australian Government Department of Health
Author(s)/Org.
When 2021, October 15
Date published
What Coronavirus (COVID-19) at a glance – 14 October 2021
Title of work
[Type of image] [Infographic]
In-text citation: (Australian Government Department of Health, 2021)
Note: For this example, the URL does not work when entered into Citefast (as a Webpage, Web image or Government publication). Therefore, it is important to follow the basic elements of a reference and include the type of image in square brackets. This clearly shows that you are referencing the infographic found on the webpage, rather than the text.
Exceptions and variations
Exceptions and variations
It is important to understand the basic structure of referencing because online reference generators are not always accurate, especially when referencing items beyond the basic format types (ie: web images, social media, podcasts, and government publications). There are also variations, especially when there are missing details.
The American Psychologist Association (APA Style) website is an excellent resource to check as it is the source of the APA style.
There is a search function for specific questions.
The references and in-text citation web pages are especially useful.
The APA blog is frequently updated for changes and emerging issues (e.g. 'Citing Generative AI').
The Charles Sturt University Academic Referencing Tool (ART) is a useful interactive resource that gives guidelines and examples of various types of information and how to reference them correctly.
Google Docs Citation Tool & Citefast
Google Docs Citation Tool & Citefast
Google Docs has a simplified in-built citation tool (Google support information here) that is very easy to use to create a reference list and in-text citations.
Several faculties use the Citefast (https://www.citefast.com/?s=APA7 ) online reference generator.
Ask the Teacher-Librarian
Ask the Teacher-Librarian
The teacher-librarian is a specialist with referencing sources. If you are really stuck, they are able to clarify.
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