Australian Government Office for the Arts : Prime Minister's Literary Awards
Shortlist: scroll to Young Adult section
State Library of NSW: NSW Premier's Literary Awards:
The Wheeler Centre: Victorian Premier's Literary Awards
State Library Victoria: The Inky Awards celebrate the best in youth literature, with Insideadog readers awarding a favourite Australian and international author- this is currently being restructured
The Books & Publishing website has a great overview of Australian book industry awards (not just for children and young adults)
Hardie Grant Publishing: The Ampersand Prize is an award for Australia and New Zealand unpublished writers of middle-grade and young adult fiction
The Aurealis Awards - Speculative fiction with the science fiction, fantasy, horror, young adult and children's divisions.
Australian Psychological Society: Children's Peace Literature Awards
Wilderness Society: Environment Awards for Children's Literature
There are several state-wide book awards voted on by children, usually on an annual basis, and often through the sponsorship of school and/or public libraries.
These awards consolidate the popularity of authors who win financial rewards rather than literary awards.
KOALA (NSW) Kids Own Australian Literature Awards
Bilby Awards (QLD) Books I Love Best Yearly
YABBA Awards (VIC-based, with NSW, ACT and NT) Young Australians’ Best Book Award
WAYRBA (WA) West Australian Young Readers Book Award
United Kingdom: The CILIP Carnegie and Kate Greenaway Children's Book Awards
The Carnegie Medal is awarded by children's librarians for an outstanding book for children and young people.
The Kate Greenaway Medal is awarded by children's librarians for outstanding book illustration for children and young people.
United States of America
Caldecott Medal: Named in honour of 19th century English illustrator Randolph Caldecott, this annual award is given to the illustrator chosen by the American Library Association (ALA) as "the artist of the most distinguished American picture book for children."
Newbery Medal: Best Story of the Year - Named after an 18th-century British bookseller, this annual award goes to the author of what the American Library Association deems "the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children."