Movement 4 - Trauma

The fourth movement is in A-B-A1-C form, where Section C is an extended passage of bird song. The focus of the music is on incessant repetition of both dissonant harmony and syncopated rhythm (Example 3.36): the amount of material used is very limited, a musical confinement that has a thematic corollary in that it can relate to the inability of the refugees themselves to move outside restricted boundaries. In this respect, this. movement has much in common with that of the second movement of the work.