History of Industrialism
What is Industrialism?
ANSWER ON YOUR NOTES:
1. What is the definition of industrialism? The definition of industrialism is…
2. In your own words, why is industrialism important? Industrialism is important because…
The Industrial Revolution
Watch the video about the Industrial Revolution to answer the next questions on your handout.
HINT: use the closed captioning (CC) so you can read along as you listen.
ANSWER ON YOUR NOTES (use the times given as hints for where to listen for the answer):
3. What were the results of the agricultural revolution? (40 seconds)
4. What innovative (new) machine led to the growth of factories? (1 minute)
5. Complete the pie charts (2 minutes) showing what percentage of people lived in urban and rural areas in 1750 and 1850
6. Would you have wanted to live in an industrial, urban city in 1850? Why or why not?
What is Innovation?
ANSWER ON YOUR NOTES:
7. Define innovation in your own words: Innovation means…
8. What is an example of an innovation/invention that has had both positive and negative effects on people? Explain.
Johannes Gutenberg & the Printing Press
The Gutenberg Printing Press was invented by a German man named Johannes Gutenberg around 1450. He invented a new way to print items like books and newspapers. This meant it was cheaper and easier to produce books. More people in Europe could now afford to buy books, which increased access to education and improved literacy rates (the ability to read and write).
During his time, Gutenberg was most famous for his Bible project. In 1452, he started printing two hundred copies of a two-volume Gutenberg Bible. The expensive and beautiful Bibles were completed and sold at the 1455 Frankfurt Book Fair, and they cost, at the time, the equivalent of three years' pay for the average working person. Roughly fifty of all Gutenberg Bibles survive today.
Even though Gutenberg tried to keep his new printing technique a secret, the printing press spread rapidly across Europe. Before 1500, some 2500 European cities had acquired presses.
Blocks with letters were dipping in ink, put in the correct order, and pressed onto paper. Just like a stamp!
A drawing imagines what it looked like when Gutenberg and his employees used the printing press
ANSWER ON YOUR NOTES:
9. In your opinion, how did the printing press benefit Europeans?
Check for Understanding
Before you continue reading, stop and check to make sure you understand everything so far. Read the questions below, talk it out with a partner, then write your own sentences on your notes.
10. Write at least 1-2 sentences explaining what industrialism means in your own words. (hint: go back and check your notes) Industrialism means…
11. Write at least 1-2 sentences describing the most important innovation you use in your daily life. (hint: there is no wrong answer as long as you explain your choice) The most important innovation I use is…
Albert Einstein
My name is Albert Einstein. You've probably heard of me and my many innovations, but there is more to my story than you may know. I was born in Germany in 1879 and was raised Jewish. We cared a lot about our religion, but my family chose to wear German style clothes rather than traditional Jewish attire. I always had a great imagination, something a lot of inventors, innovators and scientists have in common. Although I was usually pretty good at school, I didn't always love it. I did always love learning and asking questions
After grade school, I moved to Switzerland to attend university. When I graduated, I got a job working in a patent office- a place where people go to register their new inventions and secure them as their own. While working there, I had what many have called my "miracle year." In 1905, I had four papers published in the Annalen der Physik, one of the best known physics journals at the time. You've probably heard of at least one of my ideas-- the matter/energy relationship (E=mc2). This equation led to the eventual development of atomic power. My innovations, theories and equations led to many of the modern day things you know of, or use, such as television, atomic energy, and an energy-efficient refrigerator. My refrigerator invention was brilliant! Instead of cooling the interior of the refrigerator with Freon, as is used today, my design uses ammonia, butane, water -- and almost no energy. Modern day researchers are taking another look at my design as an eco-friendly alternative to air conditioning and refrigeration.
Before WWII, I was an outspoken pacifist and was publicly identified with the Zionist movement-- meaning I wanted Jewish people, like myself, to have our own country. Specifically, I supported the creation of the nation of Israel after WWII ended. When things started to change in Germany and the Nazis started taking control, I emigrated from Germany to the United States. I lived and worked in Princeton, New Jersey, for the remainder of my life.
ANSWER ON YOUR NOTES:
12. Einstein says many innovators and scientists have what in common?
13. Fill in the blanks: “My _____________________, _______________________ and ________________________ led to many of the modern day things you know of, or use, such as ___________________________, atomic energy, and an _____________________________.”
Bonus! Describe or draw an innovation you would like to create at the bottom of your notes.
7 Things You Probably Didn't Know About Einstein
1. It took Einstein nine years to get a job in academia.
He was brilliant, but he didn't have good work ethic in college so his professors didn't give him good recommendations.
2. No one knows what happened to his first daughter.
He married and had two sons with his wife, however, he also had a daughter with someone else. He never knew about her, and nobody knows what happened to her. Evidence says she died young from a fever.
3. He offered his wife his Nobel Prize as part of their divorce settlement.
He divorced his wife and married his cousin. He was so sure he would eventually win the Nobel Prize (international award for doing something spectacular) that he included that as what he would give his ex-wife. He did win, and gave her a small fortune (tons of money).
4. The FBI spied on him for decades.
Before Hitler took power, Einstein emigrated to the U.S. They thought he might be a spy. For 22-years they spied on him. FBI agents listened to the physicist’s phone calls, opened his mail and went through his trash. They even investigated tips that he was building a death ray (whatever that means). After 22 years... they found nothing... because he wasn't a spy.
5. Einstein urged the building of the atomic bomb—and later became a supporter of nuclear disarmament.
Einstein learned that new research had put German scientists on a path toward creating the atom (nuclear) bomb. The idea of such a powerful weapon in the hands of the Nazis convinced him to set aside his pacifist (peaceful, don't fight) principles and team up with Hungarian physicist Leo Szilard, who helped him write a letter convincing President Franklin D. Roosevelt to start atomic research. The Germans weren't succesful at creating the atomic bomb, U.S. was, and used it against Japan. He later said- “had I known that the Germans would not succeed in producing an atomic bomb, I never would have lifted a finger,”
6. He was asked to be president of Israel.
He wasn't super religious, but certainly supported his Jewish culture. When the first president of Israel died, they ask him to be pres. He said thank you, but no thank you.
7. Einstein’s brain was stolen after his death.Yup. Princeton scientist Thomas Harvey removed his famous brain during his autopsy and kept it in the hope of unlocking the secrets of his genius.