Languages

1. Q: nǐ  hǎo. (Hello.)

    A: nǐ  hǎo. (Hello.)

2. Q: qǐngwèn, Nín guìxìng? (May I ask what’s your honorable surname?)

   A1: wǒ xìng …, jiào …. (My surname is …, and given name is …. ) or

   A2: wǒde yīngwén míngzi jiào …. (My English name is ….)

3. qǐngwèn cèsuǒ zài nǎli? (Where is the bathroom?)

4. wǒ xǐhuān zhègè.  (I like this.)

5. zhègè duōshǎo qián? (What’s the price for this?)

6. tài guì le! (It is too expensive!)

7. rènshi nǐ hěn gāoxìng (Nice to meet you.)

8. zhè shì shénme dìfāng? (What place is here?)

9. duì bu qǐ! (I am sorry!)

    méi guanxì. (It doesn’t matter. It is o.k.)

10. qǐng zài shuō yī biàn. (Please repeat one more time.)

11.  Xiè xiè! (Thank you!)

12.  Zài jiàn. (Bye-bye.)

13.  wǒ shì Měiguǒ rén. (I am from America.)

14. wǒ xǐhuān chī Zhōngguó fàn. (I like Chinese food.)

15. wǒ bù huì shuō zhōngwén. (I don’t know Chinese.)

16. wǒ shuō zhōngwén shuō dé bù hǎo. (I don’t speak Chinese well.)

1. Hello — konnichiwa

2. Good morning — ohayou gozaimasu

3. Nice to meet you — hajimemashite

4. Goodbye — sayounara

5. Please — onegaishimasu

6. Thank you — arigatou gozaimasu  (You can use the first term, a shortened form for informal occasions)

7. You’re welcome — dou itashimashite

8. Excuse me/Sorry — sumimasen
(This is the most important to memorize. It helps you push through a crowd, get attention from a waiter, ask for directions or be excused for basically touristy blunders. Simply saying すみません and gesturing is a pretty good way to express that you need help, but don’t speak Japanese.)

9. Yes — hai

10. No — iie (pronounced similar to "ee - yeh")

11. Let’s Eat — itadakimasu
(This is what Japanese people say before they eat. It doesn’t have a literal translation in English, but it’s a way to give thanks for a meal.
You should also remember this phrase’s pair: ごちそうさま (gochisousama) or ごちそうさまでした (gochisousama deshita). These phrases are used at the end of a meal and translate as “What a good meal,” or “Thank you for the meal,” the latter being the more polite form.)

12. Sorry, I don’t understand — sumimasen, wakarimasen

13. What is your name? — onamae wa nan desu ka?

14. My name is… — watashi no namae wa…  (or informally you can use "watashi wa", which means "I am")

15. What is this? — kore wa nan desu ka? (“kore” and “sore” literally just mean “this” and “that.”)

16. How much does this cost? — kore wa ikura desu ka?

17. Can you please help me? — tasukete moraemasuka?

18. It's/That’s okay — daijyoubu desu  

19. Where is the bathroom? – Toire wa doko desu ka?

20. A glass of water, please — mizu ippai o onegai shimasu

21. It was delicious — oishikatta desu

22. How much is this? —  kore wa ikura desu ka? 

23. I would like this — kore o onegai shimasu

24. I would like one of those — sore o hitotsu onegai shimasu

25. Yes, please — hai, onegaishimasu

26. No, thank you — īe, kekkō desu

27. Can I use my credit card? — kurejitto kaado wa tsukaemasu ka?

NUMBERS AND CURRENCY

Some numbers may have dual-pronunciations (either is fine), for example: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30... 90.
ichi, ni, san, yon/shi, go, roku, nana/shichi, hachi, ku/kyuu, juu, ni-juu, san-juu... kyuu-juu.

Larger amounts may have different pronunciations for certain values, for example: 100, 300, 600, 800, 1000, 3000, 8000, 10000.
hyaku, san-byaku, rop-pyaku, hap-pyaku, (is-)sen, san-zen, has-sen, ichi-man.

Let’s say you want to buy a bag of chips at a convenience store. The total is 154 yen. When you say it in Japanese, you have to break it down by each part. So when the cashier rings up your total at the counter, they may announce it like these:
  154 yen – hyaku / go-juu-yon / en

Other examples of describing large values/amounts:

  605 yen – rop-pyaku / go / en
  1284 yen – sen / ni-hyaku / hachi-juu-yon / en
  3,468 yen – san-zen / yon-hyaku / roku-juu-hachi / en