Effects of Hormonal Profiles in Elite Athletes

Harrison Yezzi

My research focuses on endocrinology and hormonal profiles in elite athletes. Some studies have found that testosterone is the driving hormone impacting athletic advantage, whereas other researchers attribute bone structure as being a key influencer. Heightened testosterone levels result from a variety of factors. A common genetic variation leading to these high levels is hyperandrogenism resulting from the ACTN3 genotype. A 2015 study revealed that athletes with this genotype had higher testosterone levels than their competitors and commonly had more athletic bone structures. Genetic variation also plays a role in what disciplines athletes thrive in. One study analyzed different hormonal profiles across athletic disciplines and determined that despite differences in hormone levels, there was no evidence that heightened testosterone levels were common in elite athletes. Similarly, it was determined that it is more likely that bone structure aids in athletic performance more than hormone levels. Another factor often discussed in sports is female athletes with Y chromosomes. A study researching the benefits of Y chromosome in female athletes similarly concluded that despite slightly increased testosterone levels, hormonal profiles did not show any significant relationship with athletic prowess. Future research may involve how bone structure can create an athletic advantage for some. This will be important in creating limitations and groupings for athletes. Dr. Daniel Reich will be my mentor for the Research Practicum. My placement is in the Department of Physics Johns Hopkins University.