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S2S
Lumber that has been surfaced on two sides
S4S
Lumber that has been surfaced on all four sides
Sanding Drum
A spinning cylinder wrapped with a flexible abrasive sheet
Sapwood
Lumber taken from the outer, living portion of a tree
Sawyer
A person who operates a saw; commonly used to describe someone who works in a sawmill
Scales
The wooden handle on a knife.
Scarf Joint
An angled joint used to join wood end to end
Scraper
A lathe chisel having a flat but rounded cutting edge
Scribe
To transfer lines to a replacement member or pattern using dividers or a circle compass
Sealer Coat
The first application of finish, designed to seal wood pores and fibers
Secondary Bevel
An additional sharpening step performed on the cutting edge of a blade, chisel, or plane iron that creates a bevel a few degrees off from the primary bevel
Self-Sealing Finishes
Any wood finish that seals the wood on the first coat
Set
To drive a fastener, usually a nail, slightly below the wood surface
Set Screw
A small screw commonly used to adjust a machine component, such as the level of the throat plate on a table saw, or the guide blocks on a band saw
Shank
The portion of a bit or other cutter that mounts into a machine
Shear Forces
In woodworking, this term typically refers to the effect of gravity and the weight of objects on cabinet parts, particularly shelving. The force comes from one direction and is typically parallel to the sides of a case piece.
Sheen
Description of the amount of gloss in a wood finish.
Sheet Goods
Man-made wood product, such as plywood, particleboard or medium-density fiberboard (MDF), or other materials usually sold in sheets, with 4' x 8' being the most common size.
Sheet-Metal Screw
A sharp-pointed, self-tapping threaded fastener most often used to attach pieces of thin metal to each other or some other material
Shellac
A clear wood finish made from alcohol and the shell of the lac beetle; found in liquid, granule and flake
Shim
Thin piece of wood or metal slipped into a gap to tighten it
Shiplap Joint
Shiplaps are traditionally used in solid-wood cabinet backs. The overlapping edges hide any seasonal wood movement.
Shooting
The act of putting a straight edge on a workpiece
Shooting Board
A perfectly straight piece of wood used as a guide for planing or cutting
Short Grain
long-grain whose fibers are cut across and left so short that the material becomes fragile and won’t hold together
Shoulder
On a saw blade, a raised portion of metal behind each tooth that adds strength to the blade and helps prevent kickback. On a wooden workpiece, the area that surrounds or abuts a projection; for example, the end of a board from which a tenon projects.
Skew Chisel
A carving or turning chisel which has a cutting edge that is not perpendicular to the sides of the chisel; it can angle left or right
Skip Tooth
A saw blade with regularly spaced gaps between teeth
Sled
Device to guide a workpiece squarely and safely through the cutting edge of a woodworking machine, usually a table saw
Sliding Bevel
An adjustable square used to measure or mark angles; sometimes called a bevel gauge
Sliding Dovetail
A form of joinery similar to a dado but with angled rather than vertical sides and a mating piece with grooves cut along its width at a corresponding angle
Slip Stone
A generally handheld stone used to hone the inside curve of a gouge's cutting edge
Snipe
The action of a planer or jointer to pinch and mar the end of a board
Soft Start
An electronic control for an electric motor that eases the motor up to full speed when turned on
Softwood
Any lumber from a conifer; the wood of any coniferous tree
Sole
The bottom of a woodworking tool; often called the base
Spade Bit
Drill bit with a wide, spade- shaped cutting edge used to drill large-diameter holes; flat woodworking bit for high-speed drilling of larger diameter holes; the width can be ground to nonstandard diameter
Spall
To break up or reduce by or as if by chipping with a hammer; to break off chips or scales; exfoliate
Spalted
Lumber where natural decay has caused unique and attractive grain patterns
Specific Gravity
A measurement of the density of wood
Speed Square
A small triangular-shaped layout tool that combines aspects of try, miter and framing squares. The tool has a lip on one side to allow it to hook on your work. Typically used in home construction, but is also common among woodworkers.
Spindle
In machinery, the mounting post of a power tool. In woodturning, a cylindrical turning on the lathe
Spindle Sander
Machine with a round, oscillating sanding drum that protrudes at 90° through a metal work table
Spline
A narrow strip of wood that is glued in corresponding grooves to join pieces of wood
Spline Joint
Adding a spline helps align the pieces during glue-up. The spline requires milling another piece of wood, instead of just buying biscuits, but it helps align the pieces along the entire edge.
Split
A situation where the wood material has broken along the grain
Splitter
A thin piece of metal or plastic behind a saw blade that prevents wood from touching the rear of the blade and possibly causing a kickback
Spokeshave
a type of plane or drawknife that is drawn by two handles and planes concave or convex; A hand tool with a thin blade used to create rounded workpieces
Square (angle)
90° angle also called right angle
Stile
The vertical member of any frame, such as a door, window or face frame.
Stopped Joint
This cross-grain grooved joint offers good strength, surpassed only by interlocking joints such as a sliding dovetail joint. Because the dado is stopped and the shelf notched, the joinery remains hidden when assembled. Typically used to join shelves to the sides of a case piece, this joint is ideal for cabinets without face frames.
Stopped Sliding Dovetail Joint
An improved version of the stopped dado joint for box or cabinet construction, the stopped sliding dovetail joint locks the two pieces together, but it can be difficult to create.
Story Stick
A small, flat piece of wood that is marked with specific repeating measurements for a project
Straight Bit
A router bit with a straight cutting edge
Straight-Edge
Any of a variety of measuring devices that have a square, straight side; may or may not be marked with a measuring system
Straight-Grained
The grain pattern that results when annual rings are perpendicular to the face and run parallel to the edge.
Stretcher
Any horizontal support member on an item of furniture (table, chair, workbench) that ties to and offers support to vertical elements (such as legs)
Strop
A device, usually leather, used to hone the edge of a blade
Surface
To plane or make smooth
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