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C-clamp
A clamp in a shape resembling the letter C and with a screw mechanism to tighten onto the workpiece
Cabinet Saw
A type of table saw, usually industrial grade, characterized by a 3-horsepower or larger motor, trunnions that attach to the base of the machine rather than the underside of the top, and a totally enclosed base
Cabinet Scraper
A flat piece of metal used to smooth a wood surface
Cabinetmaker
A skilled woodworker who builds fine furniture and cabinets
Cabriole Leg
A type of turned or carved leg that has a graceful sweep in an S-shape and ends in an ornamental foot
Caliper
Compasslike hand tool for measuring inside and outside diameters. Measuring tool that allows you to "pinch" and object to measure it, along with other methods of meauring the object. This tool also allows for very accuarte measurments.
Cambium
The active, living layer of wood just beneath the bark
Cap Iron
The metal structure on a plane that holds the cutting iron in place; its curved edge creates the curled shaving common to hand planing
Carbide
A combination or iron, carbon and alloy metal (usually tungsten) used to make hard, brittle but long-lasting material used for cutting edges of bits and blades
Carcase
The frame or structure of a cabinet (This is the preferred PW spelling, over “carcass”)
Caul
A piece of material, often scrap wood, placed between clamp and workpiece to provide even clamping pressure and prevent marring of the surface
Caulk
A plastic substance used to seal seams and leaks (or the act of using caulk)
CFM
Cubic feet per minute, generally used to measure airflow
Chamfer
A beveled or grooved edge that is at an angle (i.e. 30°, 45°, 60 °). Also a stop chamfer, that stops and starts a distance in from the end.
Chatoyance
The appearance of some types of wood to change color when viewed from different angles
Check or Checking
Splits in the end grain of a piece of wood that indicates improper drying
Cheek
The face of a tenon, center lap or end lap; the long-grain walls of a mortise; or the long-grain mating surface of dovetails and their pins or box-joint fingers
Chip Carving
A style of decorative carving in which a specific configuration of chips are removed, as opposed to shaving wood
Chop Saw
A conversational name for a power miter saw
Chuck
A cylindrical metal apparatus on a drill or other tool that can be tightened to hold a bit
Chuck (Drill)
The chuck will hold a drill bit or router cutter that will be spinning in the tool. Two examples are lathe & drill chucks.
Clamp
A device to hold work in process
Clear
Description for a piece of lumber that is free of defects
Clearance Hole
A hole for a screw that allows the shank and threads to pass through without biting the wood.
Cleat
A strip of wood or other material used to support or reinforce the surface to which it is attached
Climb-Cut
To cut a board in the opposite direction your tool is designed for; very dangerous, but acceptable for some tasks
Close-Grained
Any wood with narrow, inconspicuous growth rings, small pores, fine-cell structure and a smooth surface texture, (also referred to as “fine-textured”) such as maple, cherry, and poplar
Clutch
Apparatus on an electric drill that can control the amount of torque applied to a bit
CNC
“Computer Numerical Control” a device that processes a piece of material to specifications defined in a computer software
Coarse-Grained
Any wood with wide, conspicuous growth rings, large pores, and a grainy surface texture, such as oak, ash, and walnut; also called open-grained
Collet
The mounting collar of a router or rotary tool that holds a bit on a spindle or arbor
Combination Blade
A circular saw blade with a tooth configuration designed to perform both crosscutting and ripping operations; sometimes called an all- purpose blade
Combination Square
An all-metal, adjustable square that can measure 90° and 45° angles. It is perhaps the most-used (and most dropped) tool when marking out joints.
Common
The lowest grade of lumber, further broken down into #1, #2, and #3
Common Nail
A fastener made from steel wire with a sharpened point on one end and a flat head on the other, generally available untreated (bright) or coated with zinc for rust resistance (galvanized)
Compound Miter
a cut where the blade path is not perpendicular to the wood’s end or edge and the blade tilt is not 90° to the face. A common place to find a compound angle or cut is a jack or creeper rafter that is used for a hip roof. When lumber is cut at two angles, one to the face and one to the edge it is referred to as a compound miter.
Compound Miter Saw
A power miter saw that pivots on an axis as well as the arm; some also slide along rails, called a sliding compound miter saw
Compression
Force on wood that pushes the fibers in on themselves or a joint in on itself
Cope
To saw a negative profile in one piece to fit the positive profile of another, usually in moulding
Cope-&-Stick Joint
A good joint for making small- and medium-sized doors. Essentially it’s a tongue-and-groove joint with built-in moulding, which are a nice touch to this reasonably strong joint.
Corner Clamp
Clamp designed to hold corner joinery at 90°
Cornice
The molded and projecting horizontal piece that crowns architectural structure
Counterbore
A method of recessing a screw by drilling a hole larger than the head of the screw and then a smaller hole for the shank and thread
Countersink
A conical (cone-shaped) depression drilled into the surface of a workpiece in order to recess a screw head
Cove
A recessed hollow cut into the edge of a board by a router or shaper; also the bit of a cutter that makes a cove
Cramp
The British term for a device to hold work in process
Crosscut
To cut wood across/perpendicular to the grain of a board.
Crosscut Blade
Table-saw or handsaw blade designed for cutting across the grain
Crotch
The part of a tree where there is a V-split in the trunk; this wood is sometimes highly figured and is valued for turning and carving
Crowning
A deformed condition in lumber in which the edges bend away from the center, resulting in a convex shape
Cupping
A deformed condition in lumber in which the edges bend away from the center, resulting in a concave shape
Curly
A desirable rippled grain pattern in certain woods; often referred to as tiger, and sometimes called fiddleback
Cut List
A comprehensive list of all the needed parts for a project, including the name of each piece needed, and the dimensions of each piece; sometimes includes a diagram of the boards from which the pieces can be cut to indicate how much lumber must be purchased.
Cutoff
The waste resulting from cutting a piece of lumber; sometimes call an offcut
Cyanoacrylate (CA) Glue
The technical generic name for SuperGlue; a type of adhesive that bonds because of polymerization rather than the evaporation of a carrier agent, such as water or a solvent, as with wood glue (aliphatic resin).
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