Chapter 4 - The Ojibwe

Dakota and Ojibwe similar:

1) lived in forests

2) moved with the seasons

3) hunted game

4) fished

5) oral tradition

6) harvested wild rice

7) made sugar and syrup

Dakota and Ojibwe differed:

- Dakota:

1) barkhouses

2) tipis

3) hollowed out logs for canoes

4) different language

5) called Ojibwe - Hahatonwan - people of the Falls

- Ojibwe:

1) wigwams - rounded frames made of poles and saplings covered with sheets of birchbark or woven mats

2) birchbark canoes

3) different language

4) settled in Sault Sainte Marie, Lake Superior, Chequamegon Bay

5) called themselves - Anishinaabe - the People

6) Ojibwe name - reference to their puckered moccasins

7) Story of Migration

---Battles broke out (war) and peace at times---

Ojibwe Fishing:

- Warm months - 

- women fished

- used weighted nets

- set nets at night

- hauled catches in the morning

- tools: spears, traps, hook

- ate fresh fish or dried for the cold months

- Cold months - 

- men fished

- cut holes in ice

- set decoys

- lie flat on ice face over the opening

- spear fish that came close to decoy

- Oral tradition: telling stories in order to teach about that culture

Ojibwe Story of Migration

- from Atlantic Ocean to Lake Superior

- 7 stops

1st) Montreal: go west to turtle-shaped island

2nd) Niagara Falls: waterfall where water and thunder met

3rd) Detroit: 2 large bodies of water were connected by narrow river

4th) Manitoulin Island: chain of islands (stones) that led westward across water

5th) Sault Sainte Marie: water rushed over rocks, fishing was good

6th) Fond du Lac: far western edge of the lake found wild rice (food grew on water)

7th) Chequamegon Bay: island shaped like a turtle

New Way of Life

1) new people - lands from France, England, Holland. - light skin, pale eyes, hairy faces

2) new supplies - blankets and clothes made of woven fabric; pots and tools made of hard metal; powerful weapons that shote deadly balls of lead.

3) new diseases

4) new trades - supplies for fur pelts: animal skins that have been cleaned, stretched, and dried

5) cheating

6) new tools - metal ax - faster to build dwelling, make canoe, or gather firewood, guns - hunting easier, brass and tin kettles - decrease pottery or basket weaving

7) new priorities - find furs to trade: men hunted; women cleaned and cured hides -- instead of making pottery or basket weaving

- Alliance: agreement between 2 or more different groups to achieve common goal

1670 - Ojibwe and French alliance

- French wanted furs and secure fur trade and got them from Ojibwe

- WAR between Dakot and Ojibwe

- center at Chequamegon Bay

- large battles on land and water

- lots died

- on and off in 1670s

- Ojibwe continued to push into Dakota land

- In the Fall of 1679 with the help of French at Duluth - wars stopped

- Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Luth - french representative to help

- Dakota got: European tools, cloth, and weapons

- Ojibwe got: collect furs farther west into Dakota homeland

- French got: source of furs

- Ojibwe write: William Warren

- dad: English

- mom: French-Ojibwe

- described relationship of Dakota and Ojibwe:

- good will between tribes

- road clear

- Dakota visited wigwams and Ojibwe visited tepees and earthen lodges

- good feelings and intermarriages took place

- Ojibwe taught Dakota: how to build birchbark canoes

- Dakota taught Ojibwe: how to hunt bison

- European visitors - fur traders - on occasion, but that soon was about to change.