In hac dimicatione equestri cursu veloci contra hostem progreditor utens gladio contra ipsius buculam dextra manu. At si tu fueris similiter ab hoste praeventus in occursu, nec non is buculam galeae tuae impugnet, tum ensem sursum directum ab inferne adversarii gladio iungas, inde si ipsum sustuleris, irritus fiet impetus hostilis, nec non postea ferire et pungere hostis collum vel buculam poteris. Sin autem is pari modo fuerit adgressus cum feriundo, tum etiam pungendo, in praeteritione eum impetum removeas. Inde autem rursus equum in latus dextrum flectas, et atque collum ipsius retrorsum ferias vel pungas, postea discedas.
English Translation (Wiktennauer)
Thrust to the visor against a parry.
In this device, you attack your opponent with the sword and direct a thrust to his visor. If your opponent attacks you in the same way, by thrusting towards your visor, then raise the sword and bind with his, and lift it up. That way you have parried his attack, and at the same time you may cut or thrust him in the neck or visor. If your opponent attacks you with cuts or thrusts in the same manner, you parry while riding past him. Then you turn your horse around and strike or thrust him in the back of his neck. Then you ride away.
The start of this play is a thrust at the visor, which shows the emphasis on attacking vulnerable points on an armored opponent.
The “bind” in the play is a core concept of the KdF tradition, being a crossing of the sword that occurs from attacks or parries. This crossing keeps you safe, and a great deal of emphasis is placed on gaining, controlling and leaving the bind safely, in order to injure one’s opponent.
The hanging parry shown in the plates is not described in the early KdF tradition, but is shown in the later KdF and Fencing guild manuals, such as Mair and Meyer.
The counter blow is also described against a weak spot in the armor.
The finishing sequence would be accomplished with the triangle step described above along with the hanging parry to get offline if this was foot combat, but again relies on the horse movement,
The sword work in this play is clear, but impacted by horse movement.
Impact One: The canter stride has a wave like motion (see plate 39). The attacker is at the stride's apex. The defender is traveling upward/traveling forward. This relative difference simplifies the defensive parry from below. The attack travels up to down and the defender rides forward the parry catches the attack as if the horse performed a fencing lunge.
Impact Two: The key to completing the play as written is a horse that will turn readily. Grissone (1550) teaches two types of turns. The first are simple circles, too slow for the motion described. The other are very tight turns where the horse brings his shoulders rapidly around his haunches and “crosses his forelegs”. These tighter turns are "volte sempie" (180 degree half turns) performed at different gaits and speeds (Tobey ed, 2014). A rider on a horse spinning his shoulders rapidly around the haunches will have time to complete the play with the cut or stab almost as a single motion within the volte sempie.
Training a half turn/"volte sempie" on a circle. In all three videos, the motion is much slower than combat speed.
Top Left - Rider's eye view of a canter-180 degree turn-canter.
Top Right - Same exercise slowed down and viewed from the side. The second direction includes some additional training (stepping backwards to encourage weight carriage) for the horse.
Left - Video showing teaching the exercise with an emphasis on the crossing of the front limbs. Sometimes the horses movement is correct. Other times less so.
*Images/translations Wiktenauer content is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0
https://wiktenauer.com/wiki/Paulus_Hector_Mair
https://wiktenauer.com/wiki/Fiore_de%27i_Liberi
Photo and Video by: Marc de Arundel, Else Hunrvogt, Patricia Blakethorn, Heinrich von Melk, Esmeralda of the Lakes, Kathryn Onara, Montse of Canale
REFERENCES
Blundville, Thomas. A Newe Booke Containing The Arte of Ryding, and Breaking Greate Horses Together with the Shapes and Figures Of Many and Diverse Kyndes of Byttes, Mete to Serve Diverse Mouthes. 1561
Cuneo, Pia “Translation as Appropriation: Sixteenth Century German Translation of Grisone and Issues of Regional and Professional Identities” Annual Meeting of the Sixteenth Century Studies Conference, St, Louis, 2008
Meÿer, Joachim. The Art of Combat: A German Martial Arts Treatise of 1570. Translated by Jeffrey L. Forgeng. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
Singh, Baljit (ed) Dyce, Sack, and Wensing's Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy 5th ed. Saunders 2017.
Tobey, Elizabeth. Federico Grisone: The Rules of Riding. An edited translation of the first Renaissance treatise on classical horsemanship. Translated by Elizabeth MacKenzie Tobey and Federica Brunori Deigan, ACMRS Tempe, AZ 2014
Tomasini, Giovanni Bautista. The Italian Tradition of Equestrian Art: a Survey of the treatise on Horsemanship from the Renaissance and the Centuries Following. R. William (ed) 2014
Cod.HS.3227a. Translated by David Lindholm, Malmo, Sweden April 2005 (http://www.thearma.org/Manuals/Dobringer_A5_sidebyside.pdf)
de Liberi, Fiore 'Flos Duellatorum'. Translated by Hermes Michelini, Calgary, 2001 (http://www.aemma.org/onlineResources/liberi/wildRose/fiore.html)
MS Ludwig XV 13 Fior di Battaglia c1404 (https://wiktenauer.com/wiki/Fior_di_Battaglia_(MS_Ludwig_XV_13)