Investigating in Science Intro 

Variables

Measuring in Science 

The Scientific Method

Putting it into action

Complete the Gummy Bear Osmosis experiment to apply the skills and ideas you have learnt so far. 

Include the following;

1. A hypothesis;

When the Gummy bear is added to the _____________ water it will _____________ in mass.

2. Identify the Independent variable (change), the dependent variable (measure), 3 controlled variables (same)

3. Carry out the experiment by following the method and collect the data,

4. Process the data by calculating the change in mass

5. Use this change in mass data to produce a bar graph

6. Write a Conclusion - state what the results show and if this supports your hypothesis or not.

7. Complete the Discussion writing by filling in the blanks

The science of investigations

Selective Attention video Qualitative or Quantitative data video.

Processing and analyzing data

Biology concepts

Organization of Living things

MRS GREN 

This pneumonic is used to remind us of all the key life processes of living things.

Use the information below in the resources to help you complete the summary sheet for each MRS GREN life process.

Why is Cellular Respiration important?

Human Body systems - Circulatory, Respiratory and Muscular systems

Feeling the Beat - Measuring Heart rate

Muscular system

Lets recap:

a) The main jobs of the muscular system is.....

b) Other jobs it does are .....

c) The difference between involuntary and voluntary muscles are .....

d)There are 3 main types of muscle in our body, they are .....

e) The major organs containing smooth muscle are ......

f) When muscles work, they work in pairs by .......

Lets recap:

a) The heart is made of ......

b) Blood has to be moved around our body to ......

c) The lungs are important to bring in .......... which your heart then ......

d) The parts of our body use oxygen to .....

e) Waste products like ............ are made in our body and they get removed by ........

Lets recap - Summary writing

When we exercise our body ......

Checking the knowledge;

Read each section and answer the questions to check your understanding.

Ready, Set, Go! How the Heart and Lungs Respond to Exercise

Eleanor D. Muise, Rachel Gordon, Dawn A. Ericson Woods 

You know when you’re racing really fast—so fast that your heart is pounding, and you can’t catch your breath? Have you ever wondered why that happens? 

Imagine you are racing—when you take a deep breath, you breathe in air and your lungs pull oxygen into your blood, then oxygen races to your hungry leg muscles. All that work by your muscles to make energy creates carbon dioxide waste, which travels back to the lungs, and we exhale with a sigh of relief. As you and your muscles work harder to run faster and further, your muscles require more oxygen to make more energy. Over time, with continued exercise, your heart and lungs respond by becoming more efficient at delivering oxygen and making energy. There are even ways to measure how hard your body is working during exercise, and this article will tell you how!

Q:Complete the flowchart below;

Air(Oxygen) ➡️ inhale  ➡️ __________ ➡️ Blood ➡️ __________ ➡️ Cells(to make Energy)

A Breath of Fresh Air in the Lungs

When we take a breath in, air travels from the nose and mouth, all the way down to the 600 million alveoli, the smallest air sacs in the lungs. All the alveoli together have a surface area about the size of a tennis court, which makes the lungs very efficient at pulling out oxygen from air (Figure 1). Hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that makes them look red, has a high attraction for oxygen and can carry four oxygen molecules at a time. With oxygen on board, the blood cells are ready to race back to the heart through blood vessels! The heart is responsible for receiving oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumping it out to all the organs, like the brain, stomach, and skeletal muscles.

Q’s: 

> What makes the lungs efficient at getting Oxygen from air?

> What's in the Red Blood cells that carries Oxygen?

> What is the job of the heart?

Show Me Your Muscles

There are over 600 muscles in our bodies. The skeletal muscles are the muscles we can control, and they help us do our daily activities eg. movement. Muscles need oxygen to make energy efficiently. 

How do the muscles take oxygen from hemoglobin? When muscles are active, oxygen flows from hemoglobin into muscle cells. Muscle cells have a special protein called myoglobin, which is similar to hemoglobin but only carries one oxygen molecule at a time. Oxygen likes myoglobin even better than hemoglobin. When oxygenated blood arrives in the muscles, hemoglobin unloads oxygen to myoglobin. Myoglobin then transports oxygen to structures called mitochondria inside the muscle cells. 

Mitochondria are nicknamed the powerhouse of the cell because that is where energy gets made! Each muscle cell has thousands of mitochondria, which take the sugar glucose from the food we eat and break it down, with the help of oxygen, to make energy (called ATP - Adenosine triphosphate) that cells can use. Every time mitochondria make energy they also make waste in the form of carbon dioxide, we can send it back to the lungs through the blood vessels and get rid of it by breathing it out!

Q’s: 

> What are the job of our muscles?

> What do muscles need to make energy?

> Where does Myoglobin transport Oxygen to?

> Why are mitochondria called the ‘powerhouse’ of the cell?

> What reactants are needed by the mitochondria to make the energy our muscle cells need for exercise?

Now You’re Ready, Let’s Race

Let’s imagine you go for a jog. As you pick up the pace, you might feel your legs getting a little sore. Your hard-working muscles demand more oxygen because they need to make more energy to continue to squeeze and contract. 

Can you think of two ways to get more oxygen into your blood and more carbon dioxide out? You’ve got it! Breathe faster and take deeper breaths. 

Can you think of two ways that your heart could pump oxygenated blood to your muscles faster? That is right! Increase how fast the heart is beating or get the heart muscle to squeeze out more blood with each beat. 

The lungs and heart together are called the cardiorespiratory system, and the increased work performed by the cardiorespiratory system is a normal response to exercise. As more oxygen-poor blood is returned to the lungs along with carbon dioxide from tired muscles, you breathe out carbon dioxide and breathe in air with oxygen that is ready to get picked up by hemoglobin, and the cycle starts again.

The oxygen supplied by the cardiorespiratory system helps muscles break down glucose more efficiently and turn it into energy. Some oxygen normally stays in muscles cells attached to myoglobin, so that muscles can work right away while your heart and lungs work harder during exercise. When you are in shape and your cardiopulmonary system is functioning at peak performance, it means that your muscles have made more mitochondria and that those mitochondria have become more efficient at making energy in the presence of oxygen.

Q’s: 

> What are the main responses the body uses to get in more oxygen and deliver it to cells more efficiently when we exercise?

> Why might a fitter person’s breathing and heart rate not increase as much as an unfit person when doing exercise?