How To Keep A Wheelchair In Good Condition

Whether you rely on a wheelchair every day or support someone who does, keeping the chair in good working order is one of the most important things you can do. A well maintained wheelchair doesnt just last longer. It keeps its user safe, comfortable and independent. Neglect on the other hand can lead to mechanical failures, unnecessary discomfort and costly repairs.

This guide covers practical straightforward maintenance steps for both manual and powered wheelchairs, written with everyday users and carers in mind.

Daily Checks - Building Good Habits

A quick daily inspection takes only a few minutes and can catch problems before they worsen.

Manual Wheelchair Daily Checks

For manual wheelchairs its worth checking the tyres visually for obvious damage or deflation, wiping down the hand rims, armrests and push handles with a damp cloth, testing the wheel locks by engaging them and trying to push the chair forward to make sure they hold firmly, and looking over the seat and cushion for any tears or loss of shape.

Powered Wheelchair Daily Checks

For powered wheelchairs plug the chair in to charge overnight every night and avoid letting the battery run flat. Check that the joystick moves freely and isnt sticky or stiff, ensure the controller isnt displaying any error codes and wipe the joystick and controller housing with a dry cloth as moisture can cause damage over time.

These checks require no tools and take only moments but done consistently they make a genuine difference to the lifespan and safety of the chair.

Weekly Maintenance Tasks

Once a week set aside a little more time for a slightly more thorough inspection.

Tyre Pressure

If your wheelchair has pneumatic air filled tyres check the pressure weekly using a tyre gauge. The correct pressure is printed on the tyre sidewall. Under inflated tyres are one of the most common and most overlooked problems in wheelchair maintenance. They increase rolling resistance considerably, making the chair much harder to push and tiring the user more quickly.

Solid tyres dont need pressure checks but should be inspected for cracks, worn tread or any sign of separation from the rim.

Brakes

Test the wheel locks and examine them closely. The brake tip, the rubber or metal pad that presses against the tyre, wears down over time. If the brakes feel loose or dont grip the tyre firmly the assembly needs to be repositioned closer to the tyre. For chairs with cable operated brakes a spongy feeling when engaging the lever usually indicates the cable needs tightening or in some cases replacing.

Fasteners and Bolts

Vibration from everyday use, particularly on uneven pavements, kerbs or cobblestones, can gradually loosen bolts and screws. Lift the chair slightly and give it a gentle shake. Any rattling or clicking is a sign that something has come loose. Work through the visible fasteners with the appropriate Allen key or spanner checking each one is properly tightened. Dont overtighten and follow the torque recommendations in the chairs manual where available.

Monthly Cleaning and Lubrication

A thorough monthly clean keeps the frame in good condition and helps to identify any developing issues.

Frame Cleaning

For the frame a soft cloth, warm water and a mild soap does the job well. Dont be tempted to use a jet wash or high pressure hose as these force water in to areas where it can cause real problems, including bearings, hollow frame tubes and any electrical components, leading to corrosion and internal damage over time. Once the frame is dry its a good idea to apply a thin coat of non abrasive wax such as car wax as this helps to keep moisture out, something thats particularly worth doing in the UK where winter road salt can speed up the rusting process quite considerably.

Lubrication

Apply lubricant sparingly and to the right places. For caster stems and axles use silicone spray as it repels moisture and doesnt attract dirt. For hinges and folding joints white lithium grease works well. For brake cables a dry PTFE lubricant leaves a clean dry film that wont attract grime.

Before applying any lubricant clean the area first with a cloth to remove any existing grit and always wipe away excess lubricant as leaving too much behind will attract dirt and cause more wear rather then less.

Please bear in mind that standard WD40 is not a suitable long term lubricant. It is excellent as a degreaser and cleaner but it evaporates quickly and can actually increase friction over time.

Cushion and Upholstery Care

The seating system deserves particular attention as it directly affects skin health and posture.

Air-Filled Cushions

Air filled cushions should be checked daily for correct inflation. If a user sinks down to the hard base beneath the cushion the risk of pressure sores increases substantially. Inspect monthly for slow leaks by submerging the cushion in water and looking for bubbles.

Gel Cushions

Gel cushions can have the gel migrate away from high pressure areas over time. Gently knead the cushion daily to redistribute the gel towards the centre.

Foam Cushions

Foam cushions lose their resilience after 12 to 24 months of regular use. Press the foam firmly and if it doesnt spring back within a few seconds the foam has broken down and needs replacing.

Upholstery Maintenance

Clean the upholstery using a gentle detergent and warm (not hot) water. For sling style backrests with adjustable straps check and retighten the straps monthly to maintain proper lumbar support.

Power Wheelchair Battery Care

The battery is the heart of a powered wheelchair and looking after it properly will extend both its daily range and its overall lifespan. Charge every night regardless of how much the chair has been used and never let the battery run completely flat as deep discharge damages battery cells permanently. Inspect the terminals weekly for any white or greenish corrosion and clean with a dry cloth if needed. Always charge in a warm environment as cold temperatures slow the chemical reactions inside the battery and charging in the cold is less effective.

Its also worth bearing in mind that in cold weather the range of a powered wheelchair can drop by as much as 50 percent. Keep this in mind when planning journeys during the winter months.

When to Call a Professional

Some tasks genuinely require specialist tools or expertise. Its worth seeking professional assistance if you notice cracks in the frame particularly near weld points as this is a safety issue that needs immediate attention. Persistent squeaking or grinding that doesnt resolve with lubrication, the chair pulling to one side on a flat surface suggesting misalignment, error codes on the controller of a powered wheelchair that dont clear, or any burning smell from the motor or electronics are all signs that professional help is needed.

In the UK wheelchairs supplied by NHS Wheelchair Services are maintained by authorised repair providers and routine repairs due to fair wear and tear are typically covered at no cost to the user. Urgent repairs are generally prioritised for completion within 24 to 48 hours.

If you own a privately purchased wheelchair several providers across the UK offer servicing from around £80 upwards depending on the type and complexity of the chair. Its worth arranging a full professional service at least once a year even if no obvious problems are present.

A Quick Maintenance Summary

Daily tasks include wiping surfaces, testing brakes, charging the powerchair battery and checking the cushion. Weekly tasks cover tyre pressure, brake inspection and a shake test for loose bolts. Monthly tasks involve a deep clean, lubricating joints, checking upholstery and straps and inspecting the cushion. An annual full professional service and safety check should also be arranged.