Learn vital wheelchair safety tips for beginners, from basic maintenance to navigating different terrains safely. This guide helps new wheelchair users gain confidence and independence.
Transitioning to life in a wheelchair can be a big change whether temporary or permanent. While this journey comes with its challenges, knowing the key safety tips can make all the difference in reducing risk and gaining independence. With experience from both healthcare professionals and long term wheelchair users, this guide will help you navigate the practical and emotional aspects of wheelchair use.
Whether you’re just starting out or looking to improve your wheelchair skills, this comprehensive guide covers everything you need to know – from basic maintenance tips to navigating different environments safely. Follow these tips and you’ll build confidence, stay safe and make the most of your mobility.
Daily checks are essential to ensure your wheelchair is in tip top condition and reducing the risk of accidents.
Tyre Pressure: Make sure tyres are properly inflated. Low pressure makes the chair harder to push and more prone to punctures.
Brakes: Test both brakes to make sure they lock firmly and hold the chair in place.
Moving Parts: Check all nuts and bolts are tight especially on footrests and armrests.
Frame Inspection: Look for any cracks or damage to the frame.
Wheel Alignment: Spin the wheels to make sure they rotate smoothly without wobbling.
Pro Tip from Physiotherapist Jane Thompson: "Regular maintenance not only improves wheelchair performance but can prevent dangerous accidents. Simple checks like making sure the brakes are secure can save you from unwanted falls."
Do these more in-depth checks weekly:
Clean Thoroughly: Wipe down your wheelchair, paying attention to wheels and moving parts.
Lubricate Components: Lubricate components like axles and folding mechanisms.
Check Cushions: Look for signs of wear and tear on your cushion which could impact comfort and posture.
Test Push Handles: If someone is helping you, make sure the push handles are secure.
Electronic Wheelchairs: Test electronic components to make sure everything is working properly.
Safe transfer techniques are key to preventing falls and injuries, which are one of the most common accidents for wheelchair users.
Position Your Chair: Position your chair at a 45 degree angle to the surface you’re transferring to/from and always lock the brakes.
Clear the Way: Flip up footplates and remove or swing away armrests on the transfer side to clear the way.
Close the Gap: Minimise the gap between your chair and the surface to make the transfer smoother.
Use Support: Beginners should use a transfer board or ask for help until you’re more confident.
Use Your Arms, Not just Your Legs: Place one hand on the chair and one on the surface you’re moving to. Use your arm strength to lift and slide yourself, not your body.
Tip from Occupational Therapist Mike Clark: "Proper transfer techniques can reduce injury risk by 60% and it’s essential to develop good habits early on. Don’t be afraid to ask for help until you’re comfortable with transfers."
Wheelchair safety isn’t just about maintenance—knowing how to navigate different environments is just as important.
Indoor environments pose unique challenges:
Doors: Approach doors head-on and use the handles not the door.
Tight Spaces: Naviagate narrow hallways slowly and take corners wide.
Thresholds: Approach small steps or thresholds head-on and at a slow pace.
Lifts: If possible back into lifts for a smoother exit and check the lift floor is level with the building floor before entering or exiting.
Outdoor environments require extra caution:
Uneven Surfaces: Slow down and watch out for cracks, rocks or other obstacles.
Ramps: Always use designated wheelchair ramps. When going down lean back slightly and control your speed—never rush.
Kerbs: For up approach straight on, push down on the push handles to lift the front wheels, then push forward. For down position yourself behind the wheelchair, slow down and lower the rear wheels first.
Weather: Be extra cautious in wet, icy or windy conditions. Consider adding special grips to your wheels for better traction in bad weather.
Long periods of sitting can increase the risk of pressure sores, a common and serious problem for wheelchair users.
Weight Shifts: Do pressure relief every 15-30 minutes by leaning from side to side or lifting yourself up using the armrests.
Proper Cushioning: Use a high-quality pressure-relieving cushion suited to your needs.
Skin Checks: Check your skin daily for red or discoloured areas that don’t fade after 15 minutes of pressure relief.
Clothing: Wear comfortable, loose clothing with no thick seams or buttons that could cause pressure points.
Spinal Injuries Association Expert Advice: "Incorporating pressure relief into your daily routine, like doing a wheelchair push-up every 30 minutes, can drastically reduce the risk of sores."
For manual wheelchair users:
Learn proper pushing technique to avoid shoulder and wrist injuries.
Consider using wheelchair gloves to protect your hands and for better grip.
Know your limits—don’t go up steep hills or rough terrain without help.
For powered wheelchair users:
Get familiar with all controls before going out.
Start with the lowest speed setting until you get comfortable.
Always check the batteries before each outing.
Never let children use your powered wheelchair.
Be cautious in wet conditions as water may affect electronics.
Learn how to dismantle your wheelchair for car travel.
Use proper lifting technique when loading your wheelchair in the car.
Always secure your wheelchair in the car with straps to prevent damage during travel.
Consider a car adaptation assessment if you plan to drive.
Always check the accessibility of buses or trains before traveling.
Use designated wheelchair spaces on public transport.
Apply the brakes when stationary on moving vehicles to stay stable.
Allow extra time for wheelchair accessible routes which may be longer.
Inform the airline about your mobility needs when booking your flight.
Arrive early at the airport to allow extra time for assistance.
Know your rights regarding assistance and wheelchair handling.
Protect your wheelchair with a travel bag to prevent damage.
It takes time and practice to get used to your new wheelchair. Here are some tips:
Practice in Safe Environments: Start in flat open spaces before moving on to more challenging terrain.
Join Peer Support Groups: Connect with other wheelchair users who can share their experiences and advice.
Take a Wheelchair Skills Course: Many rehabilitation centers offer wheelchair skills training for beginners.
Set Progressive Goals: Start with small trips and gradually increase distance and complexity.
Disability Rights UK Study: “Most new wheelchair users report feeling confident with basic skills after about 3-4 weeks of consistent practice.”
If you experience any of the following, it’s time to see a healthcare professional:
Persistent pain while using your wheelchair.
Need for repairs beyond basic maintenance.
Struggling with transfers or other techniques.
Changes in your needs that require wheelchair adjustments.
Becoming a confident wheelchair user is a journey that takes time, patience, and practice. By following these safety tips, you’ll gain confidence, independence, and reduce your risk of accidents or injuries. Remember that every wheelchair user’s experience is unique—what works best for one person might need adjustment for your needs. Always listen to your body, practice regularly, and reach out for help when needed.