Electric Wheelchair: Guide to Modern Mobility Solutions

While a manual wheelchair needs the user to propel it using physical strength, an electric wheelchair operates on battery power and is manoeuvred with a motor and joystick. So much easier for the user to move in all directions with minimal effort. This technology gives independence to thousands of people with disabilities, the elderly and those with long term health conditions.

Today there are many electric wheelchair options available - from basic for occasional use to advanced for full time use. This guide will take you through everything you need to know about these essential mobility aids so you can make an informed decision for yourself or a loved one.

Types of Electric Wheelchairs

Electric wheelchairs come in several forms, each for specific needs and environments:

Rear-Wheel Drive

Rear-wheel drive electric wheelchairs have motors on the back wheels with smaller wheels at the front for steering. They have:

• Faster top speeds (6-8mph)

• Better on outdoor terrain

• Better on slopes and kerbs

• Wider turning radius, not ideal for tight indoor spaces

Mid-Wheel Drive

Mid-wheel drive models have the drive wheels under the user with wheels at the front and back for stability:

• Super manoeuvrable with tight turning radius

• Great for indoor use and narrow doorways

• Good for indoor and outdoor use

• Not as good on rougher outdoor terrain

Front-Wheel Drive

Front-wheel drive wheelchairs have powered front wheels and casters at the back:

• Handle outdoor obstacles

• Climb kerbs easier

• Pull rather than push the chair, different handling

• Harder to control at higher speeds

Folding Electric Wheelchairs

These lightweight, portable models are for transport and travel:

• Can be folded or disassembled for car boots or storage

• Lighter than standard electric wheelchairs

• More compact design

• Less powerful with shorter battery range

• Perfect for occasional use or travel

Key Features to Consider

When choosing an electric wheelchair, these are the things to think about:

Battery Life and Range

Electric wheelchairs go 10-25 miles on a charge depending on:

• Battery capacity

• User weight

• Terrain type

• Weather conditions

• Age of the battery

Most use sealed lead-acid or lithium-ion batteries. Better performance, but so costly. For daily users, having a spare battery is a good idea.

Controls and Steering

Most electric wheelchairs have a joystick controller on the armrest but there are alternatives for users with limited hand dexterity:

• Sip-and-puff controls operated by breath

• Head controls using head movements

• Touch pad controls

• Foot controls

• Voice-activated systems

Comfort and Seating

Comfort is key for full-time users:

• Adjustable backrest and seat angles

• Pressure-relieving cushions

• Headrests and lateral supports

• Elevating leg rests

• Tilt, recline and stand on advanced models

Weight Capacity

Electric wheelchairs typically support 113-182 kg (250-400 lbs), bariatric models more. Always check the max user weight before you buy.

Indoor vs Outdoor

Where will you use your chair most:

• Indoor chairs need narrow width and tight turning radius

• Outdoor chairs need bigger wheels, better suspension and ground clearance

• Some "crossover" chairs do both

Costs and Funding Options

Electric wheelchairs are a big investment, prices range from:

• Basic: £1,500-£3,000

• Mid-range: £3,000-£5,000

• Premium with extra features: £5,000-£15,000+

NHS Wheelchair Services

The NHS provides wheelchairs through local Wheelchair Services to those with long term mobility needs. To get this service:

1. Get a referral from your GP, physio or occupational therapist

2. Attend an assessment with a wheelchair specialist

3. Get a chair that meets your basic mobility needs

NHS will supply basic chairs. If you want extra features the NHS may offer a Personal Wheelchair Budget and you can contribute towards a higher spec chair.

Motability Scheme

If you receive the higher rate mobility component of Disability Living Allowance (DLA), Personal Independence Payment (PIP), or the War Pensioners' Mobility Supplement, you may be eligible to lease an electric wheelchair through the Motability Scheme.

Charities and Grants

There are several charities that provide grants for mobility equipment:

• Independence at Home

• The ACT Foundation

• Disability Grants

• The Joseph Patrick Trust

Maintenance and Care

Regular maintenance increases the life span of your power wheelchair and makes it safe:

Daily Checks

• Battery charge level

• Tyre condition and pressure

• Brake function

• Controller response

Weekly Tasks

• Clean with damp cloth (avoid direct water on electronics)

• Check for loose bolts and fittings

• Inspect upholstery for damage

Professional Servicing

• Schedule annual servicing with a qualified technician

• Change the batteries every 1.5 to 2 years

• Address unusual noises or performance issues promptly

Accessibility Considerations

Electric wheelchairs routinely are subject to accessibility modifications:

Home Adaptations

• Doorways that are at least 32 inches (81 cm) wide

• Entrance Ramps (1:12 slope ratio for a maximum rise of 6 inches)

• Bathroom modifications

• Kitchen adjustments for wheelchair height

Transport Options

• Mobility (Wheelchair Accessible) Vehicles (WAVs)

• Access to public transport

• Taxis with ramps

• Community transport schemes

Latest Electric Wheelchair Innovations

The electric wheelchair market is evolving with new features:

Smart Technology

Modern wheelchairs now have Bluetooth and smartphone apps that:

• Track battery life and range

• Monitor maintenance needs

• Adjust seating positions

• Show diagnostic info

Safety Features

• Anti-tip technology

• Obstacle sensors

• Auto braking systems

• LED lights for visibility

All Terrain

Specialised models now have:

• Off road wheels

• Suspension systems

• Weatherproof components

• Higher ground clearance

Choosing the Right One

Choosing the right electric wheelchair requires considering:

1. Your mobility: How often will you use it? Indoors, outdoors or both?

2. Physical needs: Weight, size, seating needs, control abilities

3. Lifestyle: Transport needs, home environment, daily activities

4. Budget: Available funding and personal resources

Try Before You Buy

Always test a wheelchair before buying. Many suppliers offer:

• Home demos

• Trial periods

• Assessment services

• Showroom visits

Your Questions Answered

How long do electric wheelchair batteries last? 

Most electric wheelchair batteries last 10-25 miles per charge and need replacing every 1.5-2 years with regular use.

Can electric wheelchairs be used in the rain? 

Today’s electric wheelchairs typically feature water-resistant components, though they shouldn't be considered fully waterproof. Light rain is generally acceptable, though heavy showers should be avoided.

Do I need insurance for an electric wheelchair? 

While not legally required, specialist wheelchair insurance is highly recommended to cover theft, damage and third-party liability.

Can electric wheelchairs go up hills? 

Yes, most models can handle moderate slopes (8-10 degrees) but performance varies by model and battery charge.