Hardware Things
Boot-Loading the ATMEGA 328P
ATMEGA 328P is the heart of Arduino Board. We can modify the design of the Arduino in fact better compared to commercial Arduino in the market by including all the best practices to eliminate the switching noise and best layout practices.
ATMEGA 328P as a DIP is brain dead so we have to Boot-load it with a firmware which makes it work like actual Arduino.
Communication Protocols
Electronic devices talk to each other by sending bits of data through wires physically connected between devices. The bits of data can be transmitted either in parallel or serial form. In parallel communication, the bits of data are sent all at the same time, each through a separate wire. In serial communication, the bits are sent one by one through a single wire.
Here we understand more about Serial Communication protocols.
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) - Description
Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) - Description
Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C)- Description Pull-up resistor concept - In-Depth understanding
