St George was born to a noble Greek family living in Lydda in Palestine during the late third century. His father, Gerontius, from Cappadocia, was an officer in the Roman army; and his mother was a native of Lydda. When George was fourteen, Gerontius died, and a few years later, his mother died as well. After their deaths, George left Palestine for the palace of Emperor Diocletian in Nicomedia in Asia Minor, to apply for a position in the Roman army.
Diocletian was delighted to welcome him; his father, Gerontius had been one of the Emperor's finest soldiers. By his late 20s, George had been assigned to the imperial guard of the Emperor at Nicomedia.
On 24 February 303, Diocletian issued an edict (instigated by the Caesar Galerius) that every soldier must offer a sacrifice to the Roman gods for the health of the Emperor and as a sign of loyalty to the Empire. Because he was a Christian, George declined, and appealed to the Emperor. Diocletian was displeased with the prospect of losing his best tribune and the son of his best official, Gerontius, but George publically renounced the Emperor's edict in front of his fellow soldiers, proclaiming his Faith. Diocletian attempted to convert George, offering gifts of land, money and slaves if he would sacrifice to the Roman gods, but George declined all offers.
Seeing that all his efforts were futile, and unwilling to renounce his edict before Galerius and the people, Diocletian upheld the penalty for refusal to sacrifice, and signed George’s execution order. Before execution George gave all his wealth to the poor and prepared himself for the worst. He was subjected first to several methods of torture, and had to be resuscitated 3 times. Finally George was beheaded before Nicomedia's city wall, on April 23, 303. The Empress Alexandria and a pagan priest, Athanasius were converted by his execution, and joined George in martyrdom. His body was returned to Lydda for burial, and soon after, Christians began to flock to his tomb, to honour him as a martyr. Many subsequent miracles were recorded .
Right: St George dragged through the streets, by Bernat Martorell
The popular legend of Saint George and the Dragon was Eastern in origin, and brought back to Europe with the Crusaders. The earliest known tales are from 11th-century Cappadocia and Georgia. Prior to this time, George had been depicted only as a soldier/martyr. The legend gradually became part of the Christian traditions relating to St George in Europe.
According to the Golden Legend (a collection of saints lives by Jacobus de Voragine, a late medieval bestseller), the story of Saint George and the Dragon took place in Libya. In Siliene, a town in Libya, was a pond as large as a lake, and in the pond lived a dragon, who was a carrier of the plague.
To appease the dragon, the people of Silene would feed it two sheep every day, and when they had no more sheep, they fed it their children, chosen by lottery. Finally, the lot fell to the king's daughter. Overwhelmed with grief, the king offered the people all his gold and silver, and half of his kingdom if his daughter were spared, but the people refused. The beautiful young girl was sent to the lake, dressed as a bride, to be the dragon’s next meal.
Left: St George Killing the Dragon, by Martorell 1434
It so happened, at that very moment, that St George was riding past the lake. The princess, trembling, tried to send him away, but when George heard her plight, he vowed he would remain. While they were speaking, the dragon reared up out of the lake. Making the sign of the Cross, St George charged the dragon with his lance, giving it a terrible wound. He called for the princess to throw him her sash, and he placed it around the dragon's neck. The dragon became quite docile, and followed the girl and her deliverer meekly.
The princess and Saint George led the dragon back to the city. The people were terrified, but Saint George called out to them, urging them to convert to Christianity and be baptized. If they did so, he promised to slay the dragon. The king and the people of Silene did convert, St. George slew the dragon, and the body was carted out of the city by ox-carts and burned. "Fifteen thousand men were baptized, without women and children (The Golden Legend tells us)." On the site where the dragon died, the king built a church to the Blessed Virgin Mary and to Saint George, and from its altar arose a spring with waters that cured all diseases. The king offered him many treasures, but St George declined them all, asking instead that they be divided among the poor.
Right: Anonymous medieval illustration of St George Slaying the Dragon
Pilgrimage:
San Giorgio in Velabro is located in Rome near the Palatine Hill and the Roman Forum, and is across the street from St Anastasia which you will remember was the ancient collect church for Ash Wednesday. Anciently, this area flooded often, and as a result was a swampy marsh (velabro means marshy land). Here, where the Tiber makes a sharp turn, according to legend, Romulus and Remus drifted ashore, and were adopted and nursed by the she-wolf. The legend also tells us that it was here that Romulus killed his brother Remus before founding the city.
In contrast to the legendary pagan founders of Rome, St George, that courageous martyr/knight, is a glorious companion to have join us here, so early in our Lenten pilgrimage. One of the purposes of Lent is to bring spiritual renewal to the soul --- to this end we fast, pray, and give alms. Prayer is a sacred act, requiring continuous effort to overcome our wandering minds, our weak wills, and our slothful bodies. God meets us in the Holy Eucharist, and in His saints, and pulls us forward. For the tiniest effort, He rewards us profoundly with a deeper awareness of His presence.
Dear St. George, encourage us in our journey of conversion - our pilgrimage to Calvary with our Lord. Intercede for us, and help us slay the dragon of inertia in our prayer lives, so that we may effectively fight the battles that lie before us.
The foundation of this church dates back to the seventh century. There may have been an even earlier chapel dating back to the 5th century. Originally, the church was dedicated to St. Sebastian, whose body was dumped here, in the Cloaca Maxima, the sewer of Rome, after his martyrdom. However, in the 8th century, the heavily Greek population of this area prevailed upon the pope at that time, (who incidentally was also Greek), to move the relics of St George (another Greek) to this church, and dedicate the church to him.
The interior of the church is decorated with only a few heavily restored frescos, a baldicchine, and 2 lines of ancient columns from pagan temples that once stood nearby. However, San Giorgio is very popular for weddings due to its simple design and its air of antiquity.
In the Missal before 1970, the Gospel for the Thursday after Ash Wednesday was always Matthew 8:5–13, the healing of the centurion's servant. This reading was chosen because the station of that day was San Giorgio in Velabro, where the relics of the soldier-saint George are kept. The head of this warrior-saint is enshrined here beneath the high altar.
The Arch of Janus is at the left and St. Giorgio is in the center
This church was one of the original 25 diaconal stations of the Church in Rome. Here, in ancient times, the deacons would dispense food and other necessities to the poor.
Notice the columns lining the nave, taken from a pagan temple that once stood nearby.
Under the altar, in the lighted reliquary, repose the relics of St George (skull).
By I, Sailko, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18905617Christ blessing the world - St George, on his white horse, is far left, at the right hand of Christ
The church was built to fit on an irregularly-shaped plot of land. One does not notice the slightly irregular shape of the building, unless the ceiling is noticed, but there the shape is revealed in the irregular cut of the ceiling tiles.
Photo by Yvonne Cummins - Used by permissionJohn Henry Newman was renowned as one of the founding-fathers of the Oxford Movement in the Church of England, and after conversion to the Roman Catholic Church, became one of the most important Catholic apologists of the Victorian age. He was made a cardinal by Pope Leo XIII in 1879, beatified by Pope Benedict XVI in 2009, and canonized by Pope Francis Oct. 13, 2019. Every cardinal is assigned a titular church to care for when he receives his red hat, and San Giorgio was assigned to Cardinal Newman. This plaque on the wall of St Giorgio is a commemoration. (See the Optional Section below for a special activity).
The collect church for Thursday after Ash Wednesday is the nearby church of San Nicholas in Carcere, built in the ruins of the vegetable market of ancient Rome. Again and again on this pilgrimage, we will see evidence of rebirth as the Church reclaims the ruins of the old and makes all things new.
We will visit this church on Day 32 of the pilgrimage.
Come join us, St George, we are delighted to have you in our company!
Tomorrow we will meet 2 brother-martyrs, who were also soldier-saints.
In keeping with this being the titular church of Cardinal Newman, I have included a reading by Jonathan Roumie from the "Dream of Gerontius - Fifth Chorus of Angels" by John Henry Cardinal Newman, from whence comes the English hymn "Praise to the Holiest in the Height."
Not a professional video, but quite a nice walk through the church with a lovely flute accompaniment.
You will even get to see one of Rome's famous cats!
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Another Video about St Giorgio in Velabro
This video portrays St Giorgio in its role as the second Station of the Pilgrimage.