Chisholm v Georgia (1793) 

Chisholm v Georgia (1793) was added to clarify the supremacy clause, the republican form and sovereignty.  Per James Wilson and James Madison, the only sovereigns are groups incorporated to have a legal identity within a republic's hierarchy. Those groups are sovereign within their jurisdiction. From the bottom up they delegate various levels of government different responsibilities.  Many of the ratifiers believed that the state governments were sovereign.  

1. They admitted their misunderstanding when the 11th amendment was passed in 1795. Now state governments have the immunity of a sovereign. But no governments are the sovereign.  Governments only have use of sovereign rights. 

2. There cannot be two levels of government with the same authority in overlapping jurisdictions. (Imperium in imperio )

   1. A sovereign right can't be given twice by the same person.  

      1. But a right required to assist is different that the right required to carry out the responsibility without assistance.  

   2. Conflicts within a state are resolved by the state. 

   3. The federal government has supremacy over conflicts 

      1. between states, 

      2. internal nations (Indian reservations) 

      3. legal identities that cross state borders

      4. other countries and territories with any part of the US

         1. the inside of the border is the state claims jurisdiction (10th amendment)