Oxley station opened in 1874, when the line opened between Ipswich and Brisbane. Between 1885 and 1887, the line through the station was duplicated. In the 1890s, a brick structure was constructed which still survives today. The line was electrified to through the station to Darra on 17 November 1979. In 2010, the station was upgraded with an extra platform coinciding with the opening of the Springfield line.
Oxley is named after the homonymous suburb of Oxley which was named after John Oxley who was an explorer.
Oxley station has three platforms consisting of an island platform and a side platform. Platform 1 is for outbound services, platform 3 is for inbound services and platform 2 is for additional peak services.
Oxley station has two station entrances. One is on Ardoyne Road and one is on Cook Street.
Oxley station does have disability access.
There is interchange outside the station as well as bus stops nearby on Ardoyne Road serving nearby suburbs. The routes that serve Oxley are routes 101, 102, 106, 467 and 468.