There are several classes of amateur radio licenses available today. Each offers the holder a set of operating permissions and modes. The chart below outlines these classes.
Technician
The Technician class license is where you will open the door and go inside to the exciting world of Amateur Radio. It authorizes you ALL amateur radio privileges above 30 Megahertz (MHz). These privileges include the very popular 2-meter band. Many Technician licensees enjoy using small 2-meter hand-held radios to stay in touch with other hams in their area. Imagine sending live TV in real-time or just still pictures over the air! Technician class Amateur's may operate FM voice, digital packet (computers), television, single-sideband voice and several other interesting modes. They can even make international radio contacts via Amateur Radio satellites, and actually communicate directly to hams aboard the International Space Station (ISS) using relatively simple and inexpensive equipment. Imagine the thrill of talking to the Space Station or just around the block or around the world using your own licensed equipment! Using the computer and Amateur radio, you can talk using your voice or the keyboard to ham friends or make new ones literally around the world! Hams know how to do this! It's certainly not CB radio!
General
The General class license opens up the world of High Frequency (HF) communications. With HF you can talk not only to other parts of the country but to other countries in the world. Imagine the thrill of talking to a ham in Australia, Europe, Africa, South America or the orient! You can communicate via Morse code, voice, digital packet, television, single-sideband and other modes. Your antenna and equipment requirements are somewhat larger than the Technician class licensees. You retain all your Technician class privileges.
Amateur Extra
This last class is for the more advanced amateur's. It opens up a few more frequencies and operations modes than the General class license. An advanced understanding of electronics and radio theory is required.
There are many ways to prepare for your license exam. There are online web sites that will help you to study for the questions. There are private amateur that are willing to tutor you. And lastly there are clubs that sponsor classes. Whether you prefer to study on your own or in a group environment preparing for your license can be a challenge depending upon your background and education. The links supplied here are just a sample of what is available.