Ankle and TOE ROM

Client Position: Seated on a table or chair, with lower extremities hanging over the edge, hip and knee in 90 degrees, ankles in neutral

Axis: Palpate and place at the lateral and inferior part of the malleolus of the tibia

Goniometer Stationary arm: Parallel to the midline of the fibula           

Goniometer Moveable arm: Parallel to the sole of the heel/foot 

Instruct Client: "Bend your ankle to raise the top of your foot up towards the ceiling ." 

Client will bend the ankle and raise the top of the foot towards the ceiling, the practitioner will maintain a stable arm parallel to the fibula and move the goniometer through ROM with movable arm along the sole of the foot.

Norm: 0-20° 

Assess AROM and then PROM

Client Position: Seated on a table or chair, with lower extremities hanging over the edge, hip and knee in 90 degrees, ankles in neutral

Axis: Palpate and place at the lateral and inferior part of the malleolus of the tibia

Goniometer Stationary arm: Parallel to the midline of the fibula           

Goniometer Moveable arm: Parallel to the sole of the heel/foot 

Instruct Client: "Bend your ankle to point your foot towards the floor as far as you can." 

Client will bend ankle and point foot towards the floor, practitioner will maintain stable arm parallel to fibula and move goniometer through ROM with moveable arm along sole of the foot.

Norm: 0-50° 

Assess AROM and then PROM

Client Position: Seated on a table or chair, with lower extremities hanging over the edge, hip and knee in 90 degrees, ankles in neutral

Axis: Palpate and place at the anterior talocrural joint midway between the medial and lateral malleoli

Goniometer Stationary arm: Parallel to the midline of the tibia           

Goniometer Moveable arm: Parallel to the midline of the second metatarsal

Instruct Client: "Turn your foot up toward yout other leg as far as you can go" 

Client will bend ankle and turn foot up toward the other leg as far as they can go, while the practitioner will maintain a stable arm parallel to the tibia and move the goniometer through ROM with a moveable arm parallel to the second metatarsal

Norm: 0-5° 

Assess AROM and then PROM

Client Position: Seated on table or chair, with lower extremities hanging over edge, hip and knee in 90 degrees, ankles in neutral

Axis: Palpate and place at anterior talocrural joint midway between medial and lateral malleoli

Goniometer Stationary arm: Parallel to the midline of the tibia           

Goniometer Moveable arm: Parallel to the midline of the second metatarsal

Instruct Client: "Turn your foot outward toward the ceiling as far as you can go." 

Client will bend ankle and point foot towards the floor, practitioner will maintain stable arm parallel to fibula and move goniometer through ROM with moveable arm along sole of the foot.

Norm: 0-50° 

Assess AROM and then PROM

Client Position: Seated on a table or chair, with the ankle supported in neutral 

Axis: Locate the distal end of the first metatarsal. Axis can be at the dorsal, medial, or volar aspect of the MPT joint. The picture shows medial.

Goniometer Stationary arm: Parallel with the midline of the first metatarsal            

Goniometer Moveable arm: Parallel to the midline of the proximal phalanx

Instruct Client: "Bend and raise your toe up towards the ceiling." 

Client will bend the great toe up towards the ceiling, and the practitioner will maintain a stable arm parallel to the midline of the first metatarsal and move the goniometer through ROM with the movable arm alongside the proximal phalanx.

Norm: 45° great toe,  40° toes 2-5  

Assess AROM and then PROM

Client Position: Seated on a table or chair, with ankle supported in neutral 

Axis: Locate the distal end of the first metatarsal. Axis can be at the dorsal, medial, or volar aspect of the MPT joint. The picture shows medial.

Goniometer Stationary arm: Parallel with the midline of the first metatarsal            

Goniometer Moveable arm: Parallel to the midline of the proximal phalanx

Instruct Client: "Bend and point your toe up towards the floor." 

The client will flex the great toe towards the floor, and the practitioner will maintain a stable arm parallel to the midline of the first metatarsal and move the goniometer through ROM with a movable arm alongside the proximal phalanx.

Norm: 45° great toe,  40° toes 2-5  

Assess AROM and then PROM