The Philippine History

1. Who led the longest revolt in the Philippines during the Spanish times? Francisco Dagohoy

• It lasted for 85 years (1744-1829). Francisco Dagohoy rose in rebellion because a Jesuit priest refused to give his brother, Sagarino, a Christian burial as he had died in a duel.

2. Who was the Spanish governor-general who ordered the deportation of Jose Rizal to Dapitan? Gov. Gen. Eulogio Despujol

• Jose Rizal was deported days after he founded the La Liga Filipina on July 6, 1892. La Liga Filipina, ostensibly a civic association composed of Filipinos that had as its motto 'Unus Instar Omnium' ('One Like All'), was considered by the Spanish authorities as "dangerous".

3. What was the name of the Filipino soldier who led the Cavite Mutiny of 1872? Sergeant Lamadrid

• Ferdinand La Madrid was a mestizo sergeant who led the mutiny after Spanish authorities subjected his co-soldiers at the Engineering and Artillery Corps to personal taxes from which they had previously been exempted. The taxes obliged them to pay a monetary sum and to do the "polo y servicio" or forced labor! (Source: Wikipedia article on the Cavite Munity).

4. Who wrote the "Kartilla", considered the 'bible' of the Katipunan movement? Emilio Jacinto

• Jacinto was the adviser on fiscal matters and secretary to Andrés Bonifacio, the leader of the Katipunan movement. The primer he wrote consisted of 13 teachings which the members of the (Katipunan) were expected to follow. "A life that is not dedicated to a noble cause is like a tree without a shade or a poisonous weed" was one of the 13 teachings. Jacinto was also the editor of the Katipunan newspaper called "Kalayaan", which translates to "Freedom".

5. Who created the designs for the Philippine national flag? Emilio Aguinaldo

• General Emilio Aguinaldo, while in exile in Hong Kong in 1897, conceived the design for the flag, drawing inspiration from the flags used by the Katipunan and the Cuban revolutionaries. The flag had blue and red horizontal bands with a white triangle at the flag's left side. Inside the triangle was a yellow sun with eight rays, representing the first eight provinces which had revolted against the Spaniards. At each corner of the triangle were the three stars for the three main islands of the Philippines (Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao). The flag was sewn by Agoncillo with her daughter Lorenza, and Doña Delfina Herbosa de Natividad, Jose Rizal's niece.

6. Who was the last general of the Filipino-American revolution to surrender to the Americans? Simeon Ola

• He surrendered through Colonel Bandholtz in Guinobatan, Albay Province on September 25, 1903 and then took the oath of allegiance to the United States.

7. Which of the following former presidents died in a plane crash? Ramon Magsaysay

• On March 16, 1957, he, together with some friends and newspapermen went to Cebu on a speaking engagement. At a little past midnight, March 17, he boarded on the plane 'Mt. Pinatubo' for Manila. The plane unfortunately crashed into a mountain in Cebu. He and his companions were killed, except for Néstor Mata, a newspaperman.

8. Who named the country 'Islas de San Lazaro'? Ferdinand Magellan

• It was Easter Sunday then, March 31, 1521, the feast day of St. Lazarus.

9. What was the first name of Diego Silang's wife who continued the revolt against the Spaniards in the Ilocos region after Diego's death? Gabriela

• She was the first Filipino woman to lead a revolt against the Spaniards. She led the group for four months after her husband's death before she was captured and executed in Vigan, Ilocos Sur on September 20, 1763.

10. Who was the hero of the Battle at Tirad Pass? Gregorio del Pilar

• The Battle of Tirad Pass, sometimes referred to as the "Philippine Thermopylae", was a battle in the Philippine-American War fought on December 2, 1899 in Tirad Pass,a narrow trail leading to Cervantes, a town in Ilocos Sur. The 60-man Filipino contingent was commanded by Brigadier General Gregorio del Pilar but they were later defeated by the American soldiers under Major Peyton C. March. Del Pilar was "one of the youngest generals in the Philippine Revolutionary Forces during the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine-American War." Of the 60 Filipinos, 52, including Del Pilar, were either killed or wounded.

The Philippines under Spanish Rule

1. The Hispanic Period had started in the Philippines in 1500s. Who was the first Governor of the Philippines? Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

• In 1572, Miguel Lopez de Legazpi became the first Governor of the Philippines and established a government together with Augustinian and Dominican friars.

2. For how many years did Spanish rule last in the Philippines? 333

• The Spaniards occupied the Philippines from 1565 to 1898, exactly 333 years. Spanish rule ended after the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1898, which withdrew Spain from the Philippines, Guam, Cuba and Puerto Rico.

3. Raja Lakandula and Raja Sulayman revolted against Governor Guido de Lavezaris, because of the abuses by the Spaniards. What is the revolt called? Manila Revolt

• The successor to Miguel Lopez de Legaspi, Governor-General Guido Lavezaris, had sequestered all the properties of the Rajahs. The revolt failed because of the loyalty of the Spanish and Filipino troops to the Governor-General.

4. Which one of these Philippine revolts during the Hispanic period lasted longest? Dagohoy Revolt

• The Dagohoy Revolt of 1744-1829 was the longest in the history of the Philippines. Francisco Dagohoy was mourning for his dead brother, when a Spanish priest refused to give the latter a Christian burial. He called his supporters all over Bohol to fight against the injustice. Twenty Governor-Generals tried to stop the Boholanos (resident of Bohol) from rebelling but they failed. Unfortunately, Dagohoy died in 1827 (cause of death unknown) and the revolt had ended as Dagohoy's supporters making their last stand. Victory went to the Spaniards, under Governor General Mariano Ricafort.

5. In 1762-1763 the most popular revolt took place in Ilocos. Diego and Gabriela Silang had defended Ilocos from the Spanish authorities. Identify the relationship of the Silangs? Husband and wife

• The Silang revolt took place during the British invasion of the Philippines. In 1763, the revolutionary leader Diego Silang was killed by his friend, Miguel Vicos; and his wife Gabriela Silang (the "Joan of Arc" of Ilocos) continued the revolt for her husband's death. The Ilocanos were defeated and Gabriela was executed by the Spaniards, ending the Silang Revolt.

6. The Religious Revolt of Hermano Pule had took seventeen months to quell. The root of this revolt came from this kind of order. The one, this author described was a _______________. Religious Order

• Apolinario "Hermano Pule" de la Cruz had started his own religious order named "Confradia de San José" (Spanish for "Confraternity of Saint Joseph") which was banned by the Spanish authorities. In June 1840, Hermano Pule and his supporters fought against the Spaniards, but they still failed. The Pule Revolt ended with the execution of de la Cruz in 4th of November, 1841.

• Updated 26th June, 2009: miss april changed the FITB to MC, to avoid further confusion to each quiz players. To the one who PM'd me, thanks for the correction (I forgot your name, sorry being busy for almost every day - no time to get into the FunTrivia!)

7. Which of these priests was executed by Governor-General Rafael de Izuquierdo in 1872? All of them were executed

• Governor General Rafael de Izquierdo had the three priests, Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora (also known as "Gomburza") garotted at Cavite in February 17, 1872.

• Additional info: Jose Rizal's "El Filibusterismo" ("The Reign of Greed") was dedicated to these priests in 1891, almost two decades after the execution.

8. Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal is Philippines' national hero because of his large contribution to independence during the 19th century. What was his main weapon against the Spaniards? Pen

• The proverb "the pen is mightier than the sword" was used with reference to novelists like him. His many literary works include the novels "Noli Me Tangere" ("Touch Me Not"), "El Filibusterismo" ("The Reign of Greed"), and the poem "Mi Ultimo Adios" ("Farewell, Beloved Country").

9. Jose Rizal and other Illustrados (Spanish for Filipino intellectuals) had established this group of propaganda writers. The name of this progressive society newspaper against Spain was _______________. La Solidaridad

• La Solidaridad ("The Solidarity") was created in Barcelona, Spain on 13th December, 1888. These Illustrados used the pen to express their freedom of speech against the corrupt Spanish rulers.

• Some of the Propaganda writers were Dr. Jose Rizal, Marcelo Del Pilar, Antonio Luna, Jose Ma. Panganiban, among others. Updated 14th of December: I have added the word newspaper in the question

10. July 1892: La Liga Filipina (Spanish for "The Philippine League") was established by Dr. Jose Rizal in Tondo, Manila. True

• La Liga Filipina (The Philippine League) was created to establish a civil organization for peace and unity. It became inactive four days after Rizal was secretly arrested and exiled to Dapitan. Later, the organization was divided into two: The Katipunans ("Freedom", a group of revolutionary men) and the Cuerpo de Compromisarios ("Body of Delegates", a group that supported La Solidaridad/The Solidarity).

11. Andres Bonifacio talked personally to Rizal during the later's exile in Dapitan. n

• Ex-La Liga Filipina (Spanish for "The Philippine League") member and Katipunan ("Freedom" in FIlipino) founder, Andres Bonifacio, and his chancellors had decided to persuade Dr. Rizal to join the Katipunans. The Katipunan group sent Pio Valenzuela, Dr. Rizal's friend, for the group's appeal but Rizal refused to engage in violence.

12. Filipinos remembered Dr. Jose Rizal as the patriot of the masses. He was executed by the Spanish authorities in Luneta (Bagumbayan by then), Manila in December 30, 1896. Which of these capital punishments was used to execute him? Shooting

• During the Spanish period, the garotte and shooting were the most common methods of execution in the Philippines. In Dr. Rizal's case, he was shot by the firing squad on the morning of 30th December, 1896 for treason (against Spain).

13. The massive raid in the printing press of "Diario de Manila" (Spanish for "The Newspaper of Manila") had alarmed the Katipunan members due to the arrest of their several comrades. After the second general meeting, these men decided to tear up this important document. Which of these was it? residence certificates

• The cause of "Cry of Pugadlawin" (The word "cry" here means a rallying call or signal and "Pugadlawin" means hawk's nest in Filipino): The Katipunan existence was revealed by Teodoro Patiño to his sister and later told to a priest about the organization. The Spanish authorities had arrested and executed several Katipunan members after the raid on the printing press.

• As the sign of commitment to the Katipunans, Bonifacio and the large group of Katipuneros tore up a "cedula" (Spanish for residence certificate) in Pugadlawin, Balintawak. The Katipunans dominated the first battle in Calookan with the small victory but they retreated in Mandaluyong, then in Balara after the Spanish reinforcements had defeated the forces of the revolutionaries.

14. The Tejeros Convention happened in which Philippine province? Cavite

• Bonifacio was in negotiations aimed at uniting the Katipuan factions in Tejeros, Cavite. He was invited by Magdalo to settle the governorship of the country, but Magdalo settled for revolutionary government and Magdiwang ("Celebrate" in Filipino) agreed to retain Katipunan.

15. The Spanish-American War brought an end to Spanish rule. In May 1898, the Americans, under Commodore George Dewey won "The Battle of __________". Manila Bay

• "The Battle of Manila Bay" had lasted only few hours during 1st of May 1898. The USS Olympia and the fleet of ships under U.S. Navy's Asiatic Squadron Commander, Commodore George Dewey had dominated the Manila Bay. The battle lasted only a few hours till the Spanish fleet under Admiral Patricio Montojo was defeated.

• The Americans also helped the Filipinos to free the rest of the country. Emilio Aguinaldo came back from exile in Hong Kong and declared independence in Cavite on 12th June 1898.